The Fayum Landscape

The Fayum Landscape
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Located some one hundred kilometers southwest of Cairo, the Fayum region has long been regarded as unique, often described in terms that conjure up images of an idealized Garden of Eden. In An Egyptian Landscape, Claire Malleson takes a novel approach to the study of the region by exploring the ways in which people have, through millennia, perceived and engaged with the Fayum landscape.
Distinguishing between the experienced landscape of state and bureaucratic record and the imagined landscape of myth, meaning, and observers’ personal influences and expectations, Malleson questions in detail where those perceptions come from. She traces religious practices, follows the tracks of myths and traditions, and investigates the roots of stories found in texts from the pharaonic, classical, and Medieval Islamic periods. She also reviews many, more recent travel writings on the region from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. The work of each author is presented in its historical and cultural context, and Malleson integrates what is known about ancient activities in the Fayum, based on the archaeological evidence from the many monuments and ancient settlements that exist in the region.
Scholars and students of archaeology and landscape studies as well as general readers interested in Egypt’s history and archaeology will find this book highly engaging and enlightening.

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Claire J. Malleson. The Fayum Landscape

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THE FAYUM

Ten Thousand Years

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It has long been accepted that the New Kingdom palace-town at modern Madinat al-Gurob was named mr-wr, ‘Great Canal,’ as this name appears soon after the founding of the town in the Eighteenth Dynasty. It is clear from Gurob papyri and the Wilbour Papyrus that mr-wr is a town. In all examples the town determinative hieroglyph is part of the name. The occurrences of the more specific ḥnrt or pr-ḫnty (usually translated as Harem) in mr-wr refer to an institution probably located in the Royal Palace at Gurob. This place name is so overtly descriptive of a local feature in the landscape that it is hard to imagine that the Mer-wer, ‘Great Waterway,’ is anything but the river course running from the Nile into the Fayum, known now as the Bahr Yusuf.

Perhaps the most fascinating name for the Fayum (or an area within the Fayum) is p3-ym, ‘The Great Lake/Sea,’ which incorporates a Semitic word for sea (ym). This name is phonetically almost identical to the Coptic root of the modern name Fayum. However, p3-ym occurs only very rarely prior to the Ptolemaic Period. In the Wilbour Papyrus, p3-ym (if indeed the name in that manuscript is p3-ym) does seem to refer to an area of the Fayum close to the entrance at the Nile–Fayum divide. In the Book of Fayum, p3-ym is a place within the sacred landscape, where Ra was thought to have been born.

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