Ruling the Spirit

Ruling the Spirit
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Histories of the German Dominican order have long presented a grand narrative of its origin, fall, and renewal: a Golden Age at the order's founding in the thirteenth century, a decline of Dominican learning and spirituality in the fourteenth, and a vibrant renewal of monastic devotion by Dominican «Observants» in the fifteenth. Dominican nuns are presumed to have moved through a parallel arc, losing their high level of literacy in Latin over the course of the fourteenth century. However, unlike the male Dominican friars, the nuns are thought never to have regained their Latinity, instead channeling their spiritual renewal into mystical experiences and vernacular devotional literature. In Ruling the Spirit , Claire Taylor Jones revises this conventional narrative by arguing for a continuous history of the nuns' liturgical piety. Dominican women did not lose their piety and literacy in the fifteenth century, as is commonly believed, but instead were urged to reframe their devotion around the observance of the Divine Office. Jones grounds her research in the fifteenth-century liturgical library of St. Katherine's in Nuremberg, which was reformed to Observance in 1428 and grew to be one of the most significant convents in Germany, not least for its library. Many of the manuscripts owned by the convent are didactic texts, written by friars for Dominican sisters from the fourteenth through the fifteenth century. With remarkable continuity across genres and centuries, this literature urges the Dominican nuns to resume enclosure in their convents and the strict observance of the Divine Office, and posits ecstatic experience as an incentive for such devotion. Jones thus rereads the «sisterbooks,» vernacular narratives of Dominican women, long interpreted as evidence of mystical hysteria, as encouragement for nuns to maintain obedience to liturgical practice. She concludes that Observant friars viewed the Divine Office as the means by which Observant women would define their communities, reform the terms of Observant devotion, and carry the order into the future.

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Claire Taylor Jones. Ruling the Spirit

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Ruling the Spirit

Ruth Mazo Karras, Series Editor

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The young should learn to read and sing, so that they are good at practicing the Divine Office; it is not appropriate, however, to learn grammar and the authorities. If sisters who are older than twenty-four do not know the psalter, they should not learn it from nothing. Those who are twenty and have learned nothing of song or music, even if they know the psalter, should not learn anything else.

The Magdalenes were expected to know enough Latin to perform the Office well, but further study is forbidden them. The injunction against grammaticalia et auctores encompasses even more than the corresponding warning in the friars’ Constitutions. In the chapter on students, the friars’ Constitutions enjoin that no one is to study “in libris gentilium et phylosophorum [in the books of the gentiles and philosophers],” and moreover “seculares scientias non addiscant, nec artes quas liberales uocant [they should not learn the secular sciences, not even those arts called liberal].”56 Whereas the young brothers are protected from pagan sources, the Magdalenes were forbidden even from reading Christian authorities.

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