India

India
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India has been catapulted to the centre of world attention. Its rapidly growing economy, new geo-political confidence, and global cultural influence have ensured that people across the world recognise India as one of the main sites of social dynamism in the early twenty-first century. <br /><br />In this book, research leaders John Harriss, Craig Jeffrey and Trent Brown explore in depth the economic, social, and political changes occurring in India today, and their implications for the people of India and the world. Each of the book’s fourteen chapters seeks to answer a key question: Is India’s democracy under threat? Can India’s Growth be sustained? How are youth changing India? Drawing on a wealth of scholarly and popular material as well as their own experience researching the country during this period of major transformation, the authors draw the reader into key debates about economic growth, poverty, environmental justice, the character of Indian democracy, rights and social movements, gender, caste, education, and foreign policy. India, they conclude, has undergone some extraordinary and positive changes since the early 1990s but deeply worrying threats remain: increasing authoritarianism, growing inequality, entrenched poverty, and environmental vulnerability. How India responds to these crucial challenges will shape the world’s largest democracy for years to come.

Оглавление

Craig Jeffrey. India

CONTENTS

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

India. Continuity and Change in the Twenty-First Century

Abbreviations

About the Authors

Preface and Acknowledgements

1Making Sense of Twenty-First-Century India. 1.1 Introduction

1.2 Past and Present

1.3 The Impact of Colonialism in India

1.4 The Invention of Modern India. Democracy

Socialism

Secularism

Federalism

1.5 The Reinvention of India

2When and Why Has India’s Economic Growth Accelerated? 2.1 Introduction: Thinking About Economic Growth

Arguments about the Political Economy of Growth

2.2 India’s History of Economic Growth

2.3 Economic Growth 1950–1992: A Story of Failure?

Accelerating Growth in the 1980s

2.4 India’s ‘Economic Reforms’ and Growth in 1993–2001

2.5 ‘Superfast’ Growth, Slowdown and Questionable Recovery: 2002–2015

2.6 Conclusion

3How ‘Inclusive’ is India’s Economic Growth? 3.1 Introduction: Economic Growth and ‘Development’

3.2 Constructions and Measurements of Poverty

3.3 Poverty Trends in India

3.4 Durable Inequalities in Indian Society, Mobility and the Missing Middle Class

3.5 Conclusion

4Why Isn’t India Doing Better at Realizing ‘Inclusive Growth’? 4.1 Introduction: The Pattern of India’s Economic Growth

4.2 Has the Growth Process Ignored Indian Agriculture?

India’s ‘Agrarian Question’: A Brief History

Trends in the Agricultural Economy

Trends in the Lives and Livelihoods of India’s Rural People

4.3 ‘Jobless Growth’, ‘Excluded Labour’ and ‘Make in India’

4.4 Conclusion: Binding Economic and Social Constraints

5Can India’s Economic Growth Be Reconciled with Sustainability and Environmental Justice? 5.1 Introduction: The Costs of Environmental Degradation

5.2 The Environment and Development Debate: Must Growth Come First?

5.3 Environmental Conflicts: Capital, State, Civil Society and People

5.4 Environmental Policy and the Practice of Regulation

5.5 Conclusion

6Has India Become the Hindu Rashtra? 6.1 Introduction: ‘God Man’ to Government

6.2 The RSS, the BJP and the Struggle forHindutva

6.3 Temples, Gods and Gurus: Banal Hinduism, BanalHindutva

6.4 Banal Hindutva, Communal Violence and the State

6.5 Hindutva Rising

6.6 Authoritarian Populism and the Indian Case

6.7 Conclusion

7Is India’s Democracy at Risk? 7.1 Introduction

7.2 India as a Formal Democracy

7.3 India as Substantive Democracy 1947–2014. 1947–1990

1990–2014

7.4 Substantive Democratization Since 2014

7.5 Conclusions

8Why Hasn’t Democracy Made Indian Governments More Responsive? 8.1 Introduction: Economic and Social Rights and the Indian Constitution

8.2 The ‘New Rights Agenda’

8.3 From Rights Legislation to Implementation

8.4 Social Rights under the First Modi Government

Empowerment, or JAM today?

Welfarism, After All

8.5 How Government Works

8.6 Conclusions

9Is There a Countermovement against Neoliberalism in India? 9.1 Introduction: Polanyi’s Idea of the ‘Double Movement’ and India Today

9.2 Towards Social Movement Unionism?

9.3 Rural Struggles: Agrarian Crisis, and the ‘New’ Land Question

Adivasis, the ‘Mineral Rush’ and the Maoist Insurgency

9.4 Middle-Class Activism

9.5 Conclusions

10Is India Witnessing a Social Revolution? 10.1 Introduction

10.2 What is the Social Revolution?

10.3 Cultural Renaissance

10.4 Growing Prominence of Civil Society

10.5 Constraints on India’s Social Revolution

10.6 Conclusion

11Does Caste Still Matter in India? 11.1 Introduction

11.2 Caste in Mid-Twentieth-Century India

11.3 The Decline of Caste Hierarchies

11.4 Caste, Identity and Politics

11.5 Caste as Habitus: Hierarchy Revisited

11.6 Conclusions

12Why Does Gender Inequality Persist in India? 12.1 Introduction

12.2 Gender Relations and the Family

The Family and Gendered Violence

The Family and Unequal Sex Ratios

12.3 Gender Inequality in Education and the Workplace

12.4 Politicizing Gender Inequality

12.5 Conclusion

13Can Youth Transform India? 13.1 Introduction: Ideas about ‘Youth’

13.2 School Education

13.3 Higher Education

13.4 Unemployment

13.5 The Politics of Youth Unemployment

13.6 Conclusions

14Afterword: Is India Now a ‘Leading Power’? 14.1 Introduction: India’s Transformations and the International Arena

14.2 Coming in from the Margins: India in the World in the Late Twentieth Century

Indian Nuclear Policy

14.3 After the Cold War: An ‘Emerging and Responsible Power’?

How Much Difference Has Modi Made?

14.4 Conclusion: Still an Aspirant as a ‘Leading Power’

Glossary

References

Index. A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

POLITY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

Отрывок из книги

JOHN HARRISS, CRAIG JEFFREY

AND TRENT BROWN

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SOURCE: Election Commission of India

KEY: BJP = Bharatiya Janata Party; BJS = Bharatiya Jana Sangh; BLD = Bharatiya Lok Dal; BSP = Bahujan Samaj Party; CPI = Communist Party of India; CPM = Communist Party of India (Marxist); INC = Indian National Congress; JD = Janata Dal; JNP = Janata Party

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