Оглавление
Dan Chiras. Wind Power Basics
World Wind Energy Resources
The Pros and Cons of Wind Energy
Disadvantages of Wind Energy
Variability and Reliability of the Wind
Bird Mortality
Aesthetics
Proximity to Homes and Property Values
Unwanted Sound
Site Specific
Ice Throw
Interference with Telecommunications
The Advantages of Wind Energy
The Purpose of this Book
Organization of this Book
What is Wind?
Offshore and Onshore Winds
Mountain-Valley Breezes
Large-Scale Wind Currents
The Coriolis Effect
Wind from Storms
Friction, Turbulence and Smart Siting
The Mathematics of Wind Power
Air Density
Swept Area
Wind Speed
Closing Thoughts
Wind Turbines
Towers
Wind Energy System Options
Grid-Connected Systems
The Pros and Cons of Grid-Connected Systems
Grid-Connected Systems with Battery Backup
Pros and Cons of Grid-Connected Systems with Battery Backup
Off-Grid (Stand-Alone) Systems
Pros and Cons of Off-Grid Systems
Hybrid Systems
Choosing a Wind Energy System
Assessing Electrical Demand
Assessing Demand in Existing Structures
Assessing Demand in New Structures
Conservation and Efficiency First!
Assessing Your Wind Resource
State Wind Maps
Online Databanks
How Much Electricity Will a Wind Turbine Produce?
Does a Wind System Make Economic Sense?
Cost of Electricity Comparison
Calculating Simple Return on Investment
Discounting and Net Present Value: Comparing Discounted Costs
Putting It All Together
The Anatomy of a Wind Turbine
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
The Main Components of Wind Turbines
Blades
Generators
What to Look for When Buying a Wind Machine
Swept Area
Annual Energy Output
Durability: Tower Top Weight
Balance of System Cost
Governing Systems
Furling
Changing Blade Pitch
Shut-Down Mechanisms
Sound Levels
Other Considerations
Cut-In Speed
Power Curves
Rated Power
Final Factors
Building Your Own Wind Machine
Conclusion
Tower Options
Freestanding Towers
Assembling and Installing Freestanding Towers
Pros and Cons of Freestanding Towers
Fixed Guyed Towers
Assembling and Installing Fixed Guyed Towers
Pros and Cons of Fixed Guyed Towers
Tilt-Up Towers
Assembling and Raising a Tilt-Up Guyed Tower
Pros and Cons of a Guyed Tilt-Up Tower
Tower Kits
Tower Anchors and Bases
Tower Base
Anchors
Proper Siting of a Wind Machine
Tower Height Considerations
Tall Tower Economics: Overcoming the Small-Turbines-on-Short-Tower Myth
Aircraft Safety and the FAA
Protecting Against Lightning
Which Types of Batteries Work Best?
How Lead-Acid Batteries Work
Will Any Lead-Acid Battery Work?
What about Used Batteries?
Sealed Batteries
Wiring a Battery Bank
Sizing a Battery Bank
Battery Maintenance and Safety
Keep Them Warm
Ventilate Your Batteries
Keep Kids Out
Watering and Cleaning Batteries
Equalization
Why Equalize?
How to Equalize
Reducing Battery Maintenance
Living with Batteries
Types of Inverters
Grid-Connected Inverters
Off-Grid Inverters
Multifunction Inverters
Buying an Inverter
System Voltage
Modified Square Wave vs. Sine Wave
Output Power, Surge Capacity and Efficiency
Continuous Output
Surge Capacity
Efficiency
Noise and Other Considerations
Stackability
Conclusion
Covenants and Neighbors’ Concerns
Zoning and Permits
Zoning Regulations
Building and Electrical Permits
Connecting to the Grid: Working with Your Local Utility
Insurance Requirements
Insuring Against Property Damage
Liability Coverage
Buying a Wind Energy System
Maintaining a Wind-Electric System
What’s Required
Parting Thoughts
Books
Magazines
Organizations
Small Wind Turbine Manufacturers
Wind Turbine Tower Kits
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