Hadrosaurs

Hadrosaurs
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<P>Hadrosaurs—also known as duck-billed dinosaurs—are abundant in the fossil record. With their unique complex jaws and teeth perfectly suited to shred and chew plants, they flourished on Earth in remarkable diversity during the Late Cretaceous. So ubiquitous are their remains that we have learned more about dinosaurian paleobiology and paleoecology from hadrosaurs than we have from any other group. In recent years, hadrosaurs have been in the spotlight. Researchers around the world have been studying new specimens and new taxa seeking to expand and clarify our knowledge of these marvelous beasts. This volume presents the results of an international symposium on hadrosaurs, sponsored by the Royal Tyrrell Museum and the Royal Ontario Museum, where scientists and students gathered to share their research and their passion for duck-billed dinosaurs. A uniquely comprehensive treatment of hadrosaurs, the book encompasses not only the well-known hadrosaurids proper, but also Hadrosaouroidea, allowing the former group to be evaluated in a broader perspective. The 36 chapters are divided into six sections—an overview, new insights into hadrosaur origins, hadrosaurid anatomy and variation, biogeography and biostratigraphy, function and growth, and preservation, tracks, and traces—followed by an afterword by Jack Horner.</P>

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David A. Eberth. Hadrosaurs

HADROSAURS

C. Contents

C. Contributors

R. Reviewers

P. Preface

A. Acknowledgments

1. A History of the Study of Ornithopods: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Now? and Where Are We Going?

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

WHERE HAVE WE BEEN?

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

WHERE ARE WE GOING?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

2. Iguanodonts from the Wealden of England: Do They Contribute to the Discussion Concerning Hadrosaur Origins?

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

A REVIEW OF WEALDEN IGUANODONTIANS

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Taxonomic Discussion

Description

Reconstruction of Barilium

Taxonomic Discussion

Description

Reconstruction of Hypselospinus

Taxonomic Discussion

Description

Reconstruction of Mantellisaurus

Taxonomic Discussion

Description

Reconstruction of Iguanodon bernissartensis

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS

Data and Methodological Framework

Results

CHARACTER DISTRIBUTION AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Basal Ornithopod Taxa

Clypeodonta clade nov

Character Acquisition at This Node

Condensed Diagnosis

Dryomorpha

Character Acquisition at This Node

Condensed Diagnosis

Ankylopollexia

Character Acquisition at This Node

Condensed Diagnosis

Neoiguanodontia (“New Iguanodonts”)

Character Acquisition at This Node

Condensed Diagnosis

Hadrosauromorpha clade nov

Character Acquisition between Probactrosaurus and the Succeeding Node

Condensed Diagnosis

Euhadrosauria

Abbreviated Diagnosis

A DISCUSSION: THE ORIGIN OF HADROSAURS

Topological Variation

An Evolutionary Narrative of Hadrosaur Origins

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DEDICATION

LITERATURE CITED

3. Osteology of the Basal Hadrosauroid Equijubus normani (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DESCRIPTION. Cranium and Mandible

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

DISCUSSION. Ontogenetic Age of IVPP V 12534

Changes Made to Previous Diagnoses of Equijubus

Phylogenetic Relationships of Equijubus

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

4. Gongpoquansaurus mazongshanensis (Lü, 1997) comb. nov. (Ornithischia: Hadrosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, Northwestern China

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

5. Postcranial Anatomy of a Basal Hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Woodbine Formation of North Texas

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

GEOLOGIC SETTING. Woodbine Formation and Members

Stratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of the AAS

Taphonomy

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DESCRIPTION

DISCUSSION. Taxonomic Affinity

Comparison with Woodbine Ornithopods

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

6. A Re-evaluation of Purported Hadrosaurid Dinosaur Specimens from the “Middle” Cretaceous of England

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTIONS “Trachodon cantabrigiensis” Lydekker, 1888a

‘Iguanodon’ hillii Newton, 1892

DISCUSSION. Morphological Comparisons

Character Analysis and Phylogenetic Positions of “Trachodon cantabrigiensis” and ‘Iguanodon’ hillii

Morphometric Analysis

Validity and Affinities of English “Hadrosaurids”

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

7. A New Hadrosauroid (Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis) from the Late Cretaceous Djadokhtan Fauna of Southern Mongolia

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

Sedimentological Environments of the Djadokhta Formation

Age of the Djadokhta Formation

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DESCRIPTION

Lower Jaw

Dentition

Postcranium

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS. Methods

Results

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

8. Hadrosauroid Material from the Santonian Milk River Formation of Southern Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DESCRIPTION. Cranial Bones

Postcranial Bones

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS. Methods

Results

DISCUSSION. Affinities and Implications of the Milk River Hadrosauroid Material

Biogeographic Implications

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

9. New Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Specimens from the Lower–Middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of Southern Utah

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Description

Description

Femoral Histology and Ontogenetic Status of UMNH VP 20187

Taxonomic Identification

Phylogenetic Analyses

Taphonomy of the WBH Locality

DISCUSSION. Significance of Adelolophus

WBH Locality Behavioral Implications

Wahweap Hadrosaurid Diversity

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

10. New Saurolophine Material from the Upper Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian Wapiti Formation, West-Central Alberta

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

LOCALITY AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Description

HISTOLOGY. Methods

Results

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS. Methods

Results

DISCUSSION. Ontogenetic Status of TMP 1989.092.0001

Evolutionary and Biogeographic Implications

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

11. Variation in the Skull Roof of the Hadrosaur Gryposaurus Illustrated by a New Specimen from the Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian) of Southern Utah

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Description

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. Methods

Results

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

12. A Skull of Prosaurolophus maximus from Southeastern Alberta and the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Faunal Zones in the Dinosaur Park Formation

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DESCRIPTION

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

13. Postcranial Anatomy of Edmontosaurus regalis (Hadrosauridae) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

DESCRIPTION. Axial Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle

Forelimb

Pelvic Girdle

Hindlimb

DISCUSSION. Pelvic Morphology

Vertebral Variation

Limb Proportions and Body Mass Estimates of Edmontosaurus regalis

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

14. Cranial Morphology and Variation in Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

HYPACROSAURUS STEBINGERI Horner and Currie, 1994

DESCRIPTION

Maxillary Complex

Neurocranial Complex

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

15. An Overview of the Latest Cretaceous Hadrosauroid Record in Europe

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

TERMINOLOGY AND METHODS

THE LATEST CRETACEOUS HADROSAUROID RECORD OF EUROPE

Ukraine

Bulgaria

Romania

Slovenia

Italy

Germany

Belgium and the Netherlands

France

Spain

DISCUSSION. Body Size of European Hadrosauroids and Insular Dwarfism

Hadrosauroid Diversity in the European Archipelago During the Latest Cretaceous

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

16. The Hadrosauroid Record in the Maastrichtian of the Eastern Tremp Syncline (Northern Spain)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND TERMINOLOGY

EASTERN TREMP SYNCLINE: GEOLOGICAL SETTING

HADROSAUROID SITES AND REMAINS IN THE EASTERN TREMP SYNCLINE

Hadrosauroid Bone-Bearing sites

Hadrosauroid Track-Bearing Sites

Dinosaur Eggshell-Bearing Sites

DISCUSSION

Environmental Preference or Time/Event Related Faunal Change?

Why Are There No Hadrosauroid Eggshell Remains?

Are the Hadrosauroids from the Eastern Tremp Syncline Small-Sized and Insular Dwarfs?

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

17. Hadrosaurs from the Far East: Historical Perspective and New Amurosaurus Material from Blagoveschensk (Amur Region, Russia)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE FIRST HADROSAUR DISCOVERIES IN THE AMUR REGION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

THE BLAGOVESCHENSK DINOSAUR LOCALITY

NEW AMUROSAURUS MATERIAL FROM BLAGOVESCHENSK AND ITS IMPORTANCE. Humerus AEHM 1/1755: What Was the Maximal Size of Amurosaurus riabinini?

Premaxilla AEHM 1/1038: The Crest of Amurosaurus riabinini

Predentary AEHM 1/1682

Sacra AEHM 1/1715, AEHM 1/1716

PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF AMUROSAURUS RIABININI

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

18. South American Hadrosaurs: Considerations on Their Diversity

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SOUTH AMERICAN HADROSAURIDS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

19. The Hadrosaurian Record from Mexico

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS

Mojado Formation

Barranca Los Bonetes Area

Rosario Area (La Bocana Roja Formation and El Gallo Formation)

Cabullona Group (Corral de Enmedio, Camas, Packard and Lomas Coloradas formations)

Aguja Formation

Olmos Formation

Difunta Group: Cerro del Pueblo and Cerro Huerta Formations

Mexcala Formation

Arenisca Aguililla Unit

THE HADROSAUROID FOSSIL RECORD OF MEXICO. Cerro Del Cristo Rey Site, Chihuahua State

Barranca Los Bonetes Area, Michoacán State

El Rosario Area and Eréndira Area, Baja California State

Cabullona Group, Sonora State

Aguja Formation, Northeastern Chihuahua State and Northwestern Coahuila State

Ojinaga Area, Northeastern Chihuahua State

Jiménez Area, Southeastern Chihuahua State

Parras Basin: Huerta Formation and Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila State

Unknown Formation, Coahuila State

Sabinas Basin: Olmos Formation and Escondido Formation (Coahuila)

Mexcala Formation, Puebla State

Arenisca Aguililla Unit, Michoacán State

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

20. Stratigraphic Distribution of Hadrosaurids in the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland, Kirtland, and Ojo Alamo Formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

GEOLOGIC AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC OVERVIEW

THE SAN JUAN BASIN HADROSAURID-BEARING FORMATIONS. Fruitland Formation

Fruitland–Kirtland Transition

Kirtland Formation (Kirtland Shale)

Ojo Alamo Formation (Ojo Alamo Sandstone)

LOCAL FAUNAS

Hunter Wash Local Fauna

Willow Wash Local Fauna

Alamo Wash Local Fauna

HADROSAURIDS FROM THE SAN JUAN BASIN: AN OVERVIEW

STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAN JUAN BASIN HADROSAURIDS

TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF THE SAN JUAN BASIN HADROSAURIDS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

NOTE ADDED IN PROOF

REFERENCE

21. Relocating the Lost Gryposaurus incurvimanus Holotype Quarry, Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

RELOCATION EFFORT

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE

CONCLUSIONS

FUTURE PROJECT PERSPECTIVES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

22. Comparative Ontogenies (Appendicular Skeleton) for Three Hadrosaurids and a Basal Iguanodontian: Divergent Developmental Pathways in Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND SPECIMENS

DESCRIPTIVE APPENDICULAR ONTOGENIES. Maiasaura peeblesorum

Hypacrosaurus stebingeri

Brachylophosaurus canadensis

Tenontosaurus tilletti

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

23. The Size-Frequency Distribution of Hadrosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

24. Osteohistology and Occlusal Morphology of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri Teeth throughout Ontogeny with Comments on Wear-Induced Form and Function

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS. Embryonic and Hatchling Teeth

Subadult Teeth

Adult Teeth

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

25. Three-Dimensional Computational Modeling of Pelvic Locomotor Muscle Moment Arms in Edmontosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) and Comparisons with Other Archosaurs

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Myological Reconstruction

Model Construction

Sensitivity Analysis

Comparative Analysis

RESULTS. Edmontosaurus Moment Arms

Sensitivity Analysis

Comparative Moment Arms

DISCUSSION. Muscle Leverage in Edmontosaurus

Functional and Evolutionary Trends and Implications

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

26. Duckbills on the Run: The Cursorial Abilities of Hadrosaurs and Implications for Tyrannosaur-Avoidance Strategies

ABSTRACT

THE MYSTERY OF SUCCESSFUL DUCKBILLS

MATERIALS, METHODS, AND QUANTITATIVE RESULTS

TAIL ANATOMY

DISCUSSION. The Biomechanical Thought Experiment of Racing Dinosaurs

Endurance Running as a Predation Defense Strategy

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

27. Duck Soup: The Floating Fates of Hadrosaurs and Ceratopsians at Dinosaur Provincial Park

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS. Body Model Generation

Assignment of Body Densities

Determination of Flotation Equilibrium

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

LITERATURE CITED

28. Hadrosauroid Jaw Mechanics and the Functional Significance of the Predentary Bone

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

DESCRIPTION

Predentary

Dentary

Splenial

Angular

Surangular, Articular, and Their Association with the Quadrate

Dental Micro- and Mesowear

DISCUSSION. Feeding Mechanism

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

29. Debris Flow Origin of an Unusual Late Cretaceous Hadrosaur Bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation of Western Montana

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

GEOLOGIC SETTING

METHODS. Fossil Assemblage

Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

RESULTS. Assemblage Data

Sedimentologic Attributes of the Bonebed

DISCUSSION. Bonebed Sedimentology

Skeletal Assemblage Modification

Debris Flows in Alluvial Settings

Origin of the Assemblage

Alternative Hypotheses

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

30. Occurrence and Taphonomy of the First Documented Hadrosaurid Bonebed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Belly River Group, Campanian) at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

LOCATION AND GEOLOGY

Interpretation

ASSEMBLAGE DATA

Interpretation

ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS AND ORIENTATIONS

ELEMENT MODIFICATIONS

Common Element Modifications

Uncommon Element Modifications

Interpretation

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

31. Body Size Distribution in a Death Assemblage of a Colossal Hadrosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, China

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

LOCALITY INFORMATION

TAXONOMIC IDENTITY

HADROSAUR MATERIAL AT KUGOU QUARRY

METHODS AND RESULTS

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

32. First Hadrosaur Trackway from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Oldman Formation, Southeastern Alberta

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

GEOLOGIC SETTING

THE MILK RIVER NATURAL AREA TRACK SITE

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

33. Paleopathology in Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae from Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

PREVIOUS WORK

DESCRIPTION. Skull and Teeth

Vertebrae

Ribs

Shoulder Girdle and Forelimb

Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimb

Ossified Tendons

Eggs and Skin

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

34. A Review of Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

DESCRIPTION OF INTEGUMENT IN HADROSAURIDAE. Saurolophinae (sensu Prieto-Márquez, 2010)

Lambeosaurinae (sensu Prieto-Márquez, 2010)

Hadrosauridae indet

DISCUSSION. Characterization of Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions

Comments on Variation and Conservatism in Scale Architecture

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

35. Soft-Tissue Structures of the Nasal Vestibular Region of Saurolophine Hadrosaurids (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Revealed in a “Mummified” Specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

36. The Role and Biochemistry of Melanin Pigment in the Exceptional Preservation of Hadrosaur Skin

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO STUDYING EXCEPTIONAL PRESERVATION

SYNCHROTRON RAPID SCANNING X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

RESULTS

DISCUSSION. Pigment of Our Imagination?

Trace-Metal Jacket

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

A. Afterword

REFERENCES CITED

I. Subject Index

I. Locality Index (by country)

I. Stratigraphy Index (by country)

I. Taxonomic Index

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LIFE OF THE PAST

James O. Farlow, editor

.....

2. The posterodistal corner of dentary crowns, when viewed lingually, exhibit inrolling of the marginal denticulate edge to form an oblique ledge-like structure (sometimes referred to as a cingulum).

3. Posterior dentary dentition extends medial to the coronoid process, and from which the dentition is separated by a narrow, horizontal ledge that represents a posterior extension of the lateral cheek recess.

.....

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