Оглавление
David H. Lloyd. Practical Equine Dermatology
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Practical Equine Dermatology
Preface to the second edition
Acknowledgements
Disclaimer
1 The diagnostic approach
TAKING THE HISTORY
CLINICAL EXAMINATION
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Hair plucks
Crusts
Coat brushings
Skin scrapings
Surface adhesive tape samples
Direct smears
Wet crust preparations
Swabs
Needle aspirates
Biopsy samples
Other samples
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
2 Pruritus
CONTAGIOUS CONDITIONS. ECTOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS. Louse infestation (Pediculosis) Clinical features
Bovicola (Damalinia, Werneckiella) equi
Haematopinus asini
Diagnosis
Treatment and control
Mite infestation. Chorioptic mange. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sarcoptic and psoroptic mange
Psoroptes cuniculi infestation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Free‐living mite infestations. Trombiculidiasis ( Neotrombicula autumnalis (harvest mites, chiggers, red bugs) infestation)
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Forage mite infestations
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
HELMINTH INFESTATIONS. Oxyuriasis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Onchocerchal dermatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Larval nematode dermatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
MICROBIAL INFECTIONS
Rabies encephalomyelitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
NON‐CONTAGIOUS CONDITIONS. Insect attack. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hypersensitivity disorders. Culicoides hypersensitivity (sweet itch, insect‐bite hypersensitivity) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment and management
Atopic dermatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment and management
Adverse food reactions. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment and management
Contact dermatitis
Malassezia dermatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Immune‐mediated disease
Neoplasia
Neurogenic pruritus. Post‐traumatic dysaesthesia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
3 Crusting and Scaling
IDIOPATHIC SEBORRHOEIC CONDITIONS
Mane and tail seborrhoea. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Generalised seborrhoea. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mallenders and Sallenders. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
SECONDARY, ACQUIRED KERATINISATION AND CRUSTING DISORDERS. INFECTIOUS CAUSES. Superficial fungal infections. Dermatophytosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control
Dermatomycosis – Geotrichosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bacterial infections. Dermatophilosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Superficial folliculitis and furunculosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mucocutaneous pyoderma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Viral infections. Aural plaques
Occult sarcoids
IMMUNE‐MEDIATED CAUSES. Pemphigus foliaceus. Clinical features
Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Immune‐mediated vasculitis
Pastern leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Drug eruptions
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES. Contact dermatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Toxicoses
Iodism. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
UNCERTAIN AETIOLOGY. Hyperaesthetic leucotrichia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Generalised granulomatous disease (Sarcoidosis) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Localised sarcoidosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Linear keratosis and alopecia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cannon keratosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Coronary band dystrophy. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Greasy heel syndrome (Scratches, Cracked Heels) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
4 Ulcers and Erosions. CONTAGIOUS CAUSES. Helminth infestation. Cutaneous habronemiasis (summer sores) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Parafilariasis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Viral infections. Coital exanthema. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Equine herpesvirus‐1 dermatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Horse pox. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vesicular stomatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
IMMUNE‐MEDIATED CAUSES. Pemphigus vulgaris. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bullous pemphigoid. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Paraneoplastic pemphigus/pemphigoid
Vasculitis
Purpura haemorrhagica. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pastern leucocytoclastic vasculitis
Erythema multiforme. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY CAUSES. Aplasia cutis congenita (Epitheliogenesis imperfecta) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Epidermolysis bullosa. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cutaneous asthenia (Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia HERDA; Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Warmblood fragile foal syndrome. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hoof wall separation disease (HWSD) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES. Burns. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tack and harness rubs and pressure sores. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Thrush. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
NEOPLASTIC CAUSES
MISCELLANEOUS DERMATOSES. Actinic dermatoses
Phototoxicity. Sunburn. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Photosensitisation. Clinical features
Contact photosensitisation. Clinical features
Primary systemic photosensitisation. Clinical features
Secondary (hepatogenous) photosensitisation. Clinical features
Diagnosis of photosensitisation
Treatment
Hepatocutaneous syndrome (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
5 Papules, Nodules, and Masses
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS. Haematoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bursitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hernia/rupture. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
CYSTS
Follicular cyst. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Atheroma (epidermoid cyst, epithelial inclusion cyst) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Dermoid cysts. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Heterotopic polyodontia (conchal/periauricular) cyst. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
VIRAL CONDITIONS. Viral papillomatosis (warts) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Aural plaques. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Genital papilloma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Molluscum contagiosum. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. Folliculitis, furunculosis
Cellulitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Abscesses. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Strangles. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bacterial pseudomycetoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Ulcerative lymphangitis (epizootic lymphangitis) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mycobacterial infections. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Glanders (farcy) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
FUNGAL INFECTIONS. Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fungal mycetoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Phaeohyphomycosis (chromomycosis) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sporotrichosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Other subcutaneous and deep mycotic infections
PARASITIC CONDITIONS. Hypodermiasis (warbles) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Parafilariasis
Filariasis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Demodicosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Leishmaniasis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
IMMUNE‐MEDIATED CONDITIONS. Urticaria and angio‐oedema. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Dermatographism. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cutaneous amyloidosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
NEOPLASIA. Sarcoid. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Melanocytic tumours. Melanocytic nevi. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Melanoma, Malignant Melanoma and Melanomatosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Anaplastic malignant melanoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Other cutaneous neoplasms Mastocytoma (mast cell tumour, mastocytosis) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fibroma/fibrosarcoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Schwannoma (Peripheral nerve sheath tumour) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Lipoma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cutaneous lymphoma (Lymphosarcoma) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES. Bites and stings. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Eosinophilic granuloma. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Unilateral papular dermatosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Axillary nodular necrosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nodular panniculitis/steatitis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hamartoma (nevus) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Calcinosis circumscripta. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Exuberant granulation tissue (proud flesh) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Chronic progressive lymphoedema. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Chronic proliferative pododermatitis (canker) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
6 Coat Problems
ALOPECIA. Definition
Congenital/hereditary conditions. Congenital hypotrichosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follicular dysplasia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Seasonal asynchronous shedding. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acquired alopecia
Telogen and anagen defluxion (effluvium) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Alopecia areata. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Toxicoses. Selenosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Arsenic toxicosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mercury toxicosis. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
OTHER ABNORMALITIES
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID, equine Cushing’s disease) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
7 Pigmentary Disorders. GENETICS OF SKIN AND COAT COLOUR. Pigmented hair
White hair
Genetic testing
HYPOPIGMENTATION DISORDERS. Definitions:
Hereditary and congenital disorders. Lethal white foal disease. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Lavender foal syndrome (LFS; coat colour dilution lethal, CCDL) Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acquired pigmentary disorders
Physical and chemical causes
Infectious causes. Parasitic
Bacterial and fungal
Viral
Immune‐mediated
Vitiligo. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Keratinisation disorders
Conditions of uncertain aetiology. Spotted leucotrichia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Reticulated leucotrichia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hyperaesthetic leucotrichia. Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
HYPERPIGMENTATION. Melanotrichia
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
8 Therapy in Equine Dermatology. AVAILABILITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINES FOR EQUINE PATIENTS. Background
Prescribing for horses
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Index
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