Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan, and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi

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David I. Bushnell. Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan, and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi

Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan, and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi

Table of Contents

PREFACE

ILLUSTRATIONS

TEXT FIGURES

VILLAGES OF THE ALGONQUIAN, SIOUAN, AND CADDOAN. TRIBES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI

By David I. Bushnell, Jr

THE TRIBES AND THEIR HABITAT

THE BUFFALO

(Bison americanus.)

VILLAGES AND FORMS OF STRUCTURES

Algonquian Tribes

ojibway

cree

cheyenne

blackfoot confederacy

arapaho

sauk and foxes

illinois

Siouan Tribes

dakota-assiniboin group

Mdewakanton

Wahpeton

Yanktonai

Yankton

Teton

OGLALA

Assiniboin

dhegiha group

Omaha

Ponca

Kansa

Osage

Quapaw

chiwere group

Iowa

Oto

Missouri

winnebago

mandan

hidatsa group

Hidatsa

Crows

Caddoan tribes

pawnee

arikara

wichita

Waco

caddo

CONCLUSION

AUTHORITIES CITED

SYNONYMY

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Plate 1

Plate 2

Plate 3

Plate 4

Plate 5

Plate 6

Plate 7

Plate 8

Plate 9

Plate 10

Plate 11

Plate 12

Plate 13

Plate 14

Plate 15

Plate 16

Plate 17

Plate 18

Plate 19

Plate 20

Plate 21

Plate 22

Plate 23

Plate 24

Plate 25

Plate 26

Plate 27

Plate 28

Plate 29

Plate 30

Plate 31

Plate 32

Plate 33

Plate 34

Plate 35

Plate 36

Plate 37

Plate 38

Plate 39

Plate 40

Plate 41

Plate 42

Plate 43

Plate 44

Plate 45

Plate 46

Plate 47

Plate 48

Plate 49

Plate 50

Plate 51

Plate 52

Plate 53

Plate 54

Plate 55

INDEX

Отрывок из книги

David I. Bushnell

Published by Good Press, 2021

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Two very interesting old photographs, made more than half a century ago, are shown in plate 9. One, a, represents clearly the elm-bark covering of the wigwams, and in this picture the arbor suggests a Siouan rather than an Ojibway encampment; b is more characteristic of the Ojibway.

The structures encountered in the Ojibway country farther south differed from those already mentioned, the majority of which were covered with sheets of birch bark, a form which must necessarily have been restricted to the northern country. But the type was widely scattered northward, and undoubtedly extended eastward to the Atlantic, especially down the valley of the St. Lawrence into northern Maine and the neighboring Provinces. South of this zone were the dome-shaped mat or bark covered wigwams, varying in different localities according to the available supply of barks, or of rushes to be made into mats, which served to cover the rigid, oval-topped frame. Most interesting examples were standing in the Ojibway settlements on the shore of Mille Lac, Minnesota, during the spring of 1900. One, which may be accepted as a type specimen, was of a quadrilateral rather than oval outline of base, and measured about 14 feet each way, with a maximum height of 6 feet or more. The saplings which formed the frame were seldom more than 2 inches in diameter, one end being set firmly in the ground, the top being bent over and attached to similar pieces coming from the opposite side. Other small saplings or branches were tied firmly to these in a horizontal position about 2 feet apart, thus forming a rigid frame, over which was spread the covering of mats and sheets of bark, the latter serving as the roof. In this particular example the covering was held in place by cords which passed over the top and were attached to poles which hung horizontally about a foot above the ground. A second row of mats was fastened to the inside of the frame and others were spread on the ground near the walls. A small fire burned within near the center of the open space, although the cooking was often done outside, just beyond the single entrance.

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