Leveraged Buyouts

Leveraged Buyouts
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Описание книги

Leveraged buyouts (LBOs) are innovative and sometimes controversial transactions. Loading a target company with the debt used to acquire it requires careful judgement, and getting the balance right between debt-load and future performance can be a demanding challenge. The financial analyst's role therefore sits at the heart of a successful leveraged buyout. It is his or her analysis of a target company and a prospective LBO which lays the foundation for a viable deal – or alerts parties to potential problems.
This book assists financial analysts by explaining both the principles involved in leveraged buyouts, as well as detailing the ins and outs of putting together an industry-standard LBO analysis.
Written by financial expert David Pilger, in lucid and accessible English it takes readers through:
– the purpose, advantages, risks and outcomes of LBOs – the typical players in an LBO deal – step-by-step instructions on building an LBO analysis in Excel: from sources of funds, through income statements, cost structure, interest, EBITDA, cash flow, debt paydown and returns
Eminently practical and authoritative, this is an indispensable guide for any finance professional or student looking to master a vital area of modern finance. By understanding the techniques and principles underlying LBO analysis, and by working through the model in this book, readers will acquire a deeper understanding of the LBO investor's perspective – and be able to use these techniques as a practitioner in the financial industry.

Оглавление

David Pilger. Leveraged Buyouts

Publishing details

About the Author

Preface. What this book is about

Who this book is for

What knowledge is assumed

Chapter 1: What Is An LBO?

Chapter 2: Leveraged Buyouts: The Purpose

Advantages of Leverage

Bigger is possible

Limited losses

Reduced taxes

Risks of Leverage

Outcomes

Positive outcome

Negative outcome

Chapter 3: Players in a Leveraged Buyout. Investor

Lenders – Senior Bank Debt

Debt investors – high yield

Current owners – sellers

Existing creditors

Chapter 4: Anatomy of a Practitioner’s Analysis. Overview of Financial Statements

Balance sheet

Income statement

Cash flow statement

Debt sweep

Application of Financial Statements

Income statement

Balance sheet

Cash flow statement

Debt sweep

Ratio analysis

LBO Analysis. Goals of LBO analysis

Cash in hand

Feeling sensitive

Steps in Creating an LBO Analysis. 1. Determine the sources and uses of funds for the transaction

2. Forecast the pro forma income statement

3. Calculate pro forma cash flow

4. Calculate changes and paydown of leverage via the debt sweep analysis

5. Determine expected returns and multiples of capital

6. Calculate shareholders’ equity and relevant credit ratios and statistics

7. Sensitivity analysis

Part II: Building and Analysis

Chapter 5: How Much and Who’s Paying For It?

Uses of Funds. Price

Sources and uses of cash

Number of shares

Acquisition equity

Net debt

Net debt calculation

Transaction costs

Total use of funds

Sources of Funds

Leveraging Up

Transaction Enterprise Value – Measuring Value

Chapter 6: Income Statement

Income statement

Net revenues

Cost of goods sold (COGS)

Sales, general and administrative expense (SG&A)

Other expenses

Operating income

Future Growth

Chapter 7: Cost Structure. Expenses

Revealing Ratios

COGs-to-revenue ratio

SG&A-to-revenue ratio

Depreciation and amortization-to-revenue ratio

In the Years Ahead

Expense ratios

Chapter 8: Income Statement Forecast

Forecasting Year 1

Extending Our Projections

Checkpoint: Are We Right?

Chapter 9: Interest. Setting the Stage

Taxes

Chapter 10: Ebitda

Chapter 11: Cash Flow

Cash flow and debt sweep analysis

Chapter 12: Outstanding Debt Balance

Paying Down Leverage – How Much is the Right Amount?

Excess Cash

Across the Five Years

Net Interest Income

Statistics and Ratio Analysis

Chapter 13: Return Analysis

IRR analysis

Multiple of Money

Returns in the Future

Chapter 14: Additional Ratio Analysis

Shareholders’ equity

Debt Ratios. Total debt to equity

Ratios analysis

Total debt to capital

Total debt to EBITDA

Coverage Ratios

Chapter 15: Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Conclusion

Other Business Books by Harriman House. Optimising Distressed Loan Books: Practical solutions for dealing with non-performing loans

Portfolio Representations: A step-by-step guide to representing value, exposure and risk for fixed income, equity, FX and derivatives

The Operational Risk Handbook: A guide to the new world of performance-oriented operational risk

The Ultra High Net Worth Banker’s Handbook

Отрывок из книги

David Pilger is a founder and principal at Flex Banker LLC, a corporate advisory firm focused on providing corporate finance and capital raising advice to growing companies with innovative technologies. Flex Banker focuses on education, Ag-science, alternative energy, and manufacturing/industrial sectors as well as the financial sector. In addition to advising emerging growth companies with game-changing technology, he has been a consultant or advisor to large institutional clients such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Pepsico to name a few.

David teaches corporate valuation and financial modeling and trains financial industry professionals at top financial institutions such as Paulson & Co., Barclays Capital, and other leading financial institutions at Blue Chip Career advisors.

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The creditors have prepared for the day of failure since before the original credit agreements were signed. In the case of a failing business (or bankruptcy), the creditors stand in line ahead of the equity partners to get their money back. Only after all the creditors get their money back is there any chance of equity investors recouping their investment capital and usually by that time there is nothing left to recoup.

If a company were to not have any debt, but were to fall on tough financial times, the outcome would be somewhat different. The biggest difference would be that there would be less chance of bankruptcy. (We are presuming that there are no unsecured creditors like employees or vendors that have supplied goods or services without being paid.) The company could sell any assets it has on its balance sheet. From the proceeds of the asset sale, the equity partners of the company could keep all the money and help stave off bankruptcy.

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