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Small Wars Manual
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
SECTION I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1-1. Small wars defined
1-2. Classes of small wars
1-3. Some legal aspects of small wars
1-4. Functions of headquarters Marine Corps
1-5. Phases of small wars
1-6. Summary
SECTION II. STRATEGY
1-7. The basis of the strategy
1-8. Nature of the operations
1-9. National war
SECTION. III PSYCHOLOGY
1-10. Foreword
1-11. Characteristics
1-12. Fundamental considerations
1-13. Revolutionary tendencies
1-14. Basic instincts
1-15. Attitude and bearing
1-16. Conduct of our troops
1-17. Summary
SECTION IV. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT
1-18. Importance of cooperation
1-19. Principles prescribed by Navy Regulations
1-20. Contact with State Department representatives
SECTION V. THE CHAIN OF COMMAND—NAVY AND MARINE CORPS
1-21. Navy regulations
1-22. Control of joint operations
1-23. The directive
1-24. Naval officer commanding ashore
1-25. Marine officer commanding ashore
1-26. Marine—Constabulary
1-27. Direct control by Navy Department
SECTION VI. MILITARY—CIVIL RELATIONSHIP
1-28. Importance
1-29. Contact with national government officials
1-30. Cooperation with law-enforcement agencies
1-31. Contact with inhabitants
CHAPTER II. ORGANIZATION
SECTION I. THE ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION
2-1. General
2-2. The mission
2-3. Factors to be considered in estimating enemy strength
2-4. Relative strength
2-5. Enemy courses of action
2-6. Own courses of action
2-7. The decision
2-8. Supporting measures
2-9. Campaign and operation plans
SECTION II. THE STAFF IN SMALL WARS
2-10. Command and staff responsibility in small wars
2-11. The Force Commander
2-12. Staff procedure
2-13. The chief of staff
2-14. The first section (personnel)—F-l
2-15. The second section (intelligence) F-2
2-16. The third section (plans and training)—F-3
2-17. The fourth section (supply)—F-4
2-18. The special staff
2-19. The adjutant
2-20. The inspector
2-21. The law officer
2-22. The officer in charge of civil affairs
2-23. The chaplain
2-24. The paymaster
2-25. The provost marshal
2-26. The commanding officer of special troops
2-27. The artillery officer
2-28. The air officer
2-29. The communications officer
2-30. The engineer officer
2-31. The surgeon
2-32. The quartermaster
2-33. The chemical officer
2-34. The tank officer
2-35. The munitions officer
2-36. The post exchange officer
2-37. The amusement and welfare officer
SECTION III. COMPOSITION OF THE FORCE
2-38. General
2-39. Infantry.—a. Importance
2-40. Infantry weapons
2-41. Infantry individual equipment
2-42. Mounted troops
2-43. Engineers
2-44. Tanks and armored cars
2-45. Transport
2-46. Signal troops
2-47. Chemical troops
2-48. Medical troops
2-49. Artillery
2-50. Aviation
CHAPTER III. LOGISTICS
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
SECTION II. SUPPLY
3-2. Influence of Supply on a column
3-3. Supply officers
3-4. Storage
3-5. Distribution
3-6. Supply steps
3-7. Local purchases
3-8. Requisitions
3-9. Depots, dumps, and distributing points
3-10. Chain of responsibility
3-11. Accountability
3-12. Public funds
3-13. Objective
3-14. Supervision of requisitions
3-15. Accumulation of stores
3-16. General
3-17. Importance of supply
SECTION III. TRANSPORTATION
3-18. General
3-19. Railroad transportation
3-20. Motor transportation
3-21. Tractor-trailer transportation
3-22. Transportation pools
3-23. Aviation transport
3-24. Water transportation
3-25. Animal transportation
3-26. Important points in packing
3-27. Pack mules
3-28. Pack horses
3-29. Pack bulls
3-30. Phillips pack saddle
3-31. McClellan saddle
3-32. Pack equipment
3-33. Native packers
3-34. Marines as packers
3-35. Bullcarts
3-36. Trains with combat columns
CHAPTER IV. TRAINING
SECTION I. CHARACTER AND PURPOSE OF SMALL WARS TRAINING
4-1. Relation to other training
4-2. Tactical training
4-3. Rifle company
4-4. Machine gun company
4-5. Mortars and 37 mm. guns
4-6. Troop schools
SECTION II. TRAINING DURING CONCENTRATION
4-7. Training objective
4-8. Scope of training
4-9. Disciplinary training
SECTION III. TRAINING EN ROUTE ON BOARD SHIP
4-10. General
4-11. Ship routine
4-12. Time available for troop training
4-13. Troop schools on board ship
4-14. Size of classes
4-15. Assignment to classes
4-16. Subjects covered
4-17. Essential training
SECTION IV. TRAINING IN THE THEATER OF OPERATIONS
4-18. System of training
4-19. Facilities
4-20. Subjects covered
4-21. Training centers
4-22. Troop schools
4-23. Organization of troop schools and training centers
SECTION V. Training Instructions
4-24. Training instructions
4-25. Training programs
4-26. Training schedules
CHAPTER V. INITIAL OPERATIONS
SECTION I. NEUTRAL ZONES
5-1. General
5-2. Purpose, occasion, and circumstances
5-3. Basic orders
5-4. Instructions
5-5. Zone force commander’s order
5-6. Proclamation
SECTION II. MOVEMENT INLAND
5-7. Point of departure
5-8. Mobile columns and flying columns
5-9. Strength and composition of columns
5-10. Protective measures covering movement
5-11. Establishment of advanced bases inland
5-12. Movement by rail
SECTION III. MILITARY TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION
5-13. Purpose
5-14. Influence of the mission on territorial organization
5-15. Assignment of troops to areas
5-16. Size and limits of areas
SECTION IV. METHODS OF PACIFICATION
5-17. The nature of the problem
5-18. Methods of operations
5-19. Occupation of an area
5-20. Patrols
5-21. Roving patrols
5-22. Zones of refuge
5-23. The cordon system
5-24. The Blockhouse system
5-25. Special methods
CHAPTER VI. INFANTRY PATROLS
SECTION I. SMALL WAR TACTICS
6-1. Tactics during initial phases
6-2. Tactics during later phases
6-3. Influence of terrain
6-4. The principle of the offensive
6-5. The principles of mass, movement, surprise, and security
SECTION II. ORDERS AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
6-6. Written orders
6-7. Verbal orders
6-8. General instructions
SECTION III. ORGANIZING THE INFANTRY PATROL
6-9. Definition
6-10. Factors which govern its organization
6-11. Size of the patrol.—a. General
6-12. Permanent roving patrols
6-13. Selection of units
6-14. Elimination of the physically unfit
6-15. Patrol and subordinate leader
6-16. The rifle squad
6-17. The headquarters section
6-18. Attached units
6-19. Guides and interpreters
6-20. Native transport personnel
6-21. Native troops
6-22. Prominent native civilians
6-23. Transportation
6-24. Weapons
6-25. Ammunition
6-26. Signal equipment
6-27. Medical supplies
6-28. Miscellaneous equipment
6-29. Personal clothing and accessories
6-30. General preparations
SECTION IV. FEEDING THE PERSONNEL
6-31. Responsibility of patrol leader
6-32. Mess equipment
6-33. Weight of rations
6-34. The field ration
6-35. Butchering on the march
6-36. Feeding native personnel
6-37. Emergency rations
SECTION V. THE MARCH
6-38. General
6-39. Hour of starting
6-40. Rate of march
6-41. Factors influencing march formations
6-42. Influence of terrain on march formation
6-43. Road spaces
6-44. Location of patrol and subordinate leaders in march formation
6-45. Location of the combat train
6-46. Descriptive march formations
6-47. March formations for a reenforced rifle company
6-48. March formation for a reenforced rifle platoon
6-49. March formation for a rifle platoon
6-50. March formation for a rifle squad
6-51. March discipline
6-52. March outposts
6-53. Camp sites
6-54. Making camp
6-55. Shelter
6-56. Bivouac beds
SECTION VI. RECONNAISSANCE AND SECURITY
6-57. Methods of reconnaissance
6-58. Reconnoitering by scouts
6-59. Careful visual reconnaissance
6-60. Hasty visual reconnaissance
6-61. Reconnaissance by fire
6-62. Reconnaissance by aviation personnel
6-63. Airplane reconnaissance by patrol leaders
6-64. Intelligence agents
6-65. Questioning inhabitants for information
6-66. Dogs on reconnaissance
6-67. Security on the march
6-68. Security at rest
SECTION VII. LAYING AMBUSHES
6-69. Definition
6-70. Selection of position
6-71. Usual characteristics of an ambush
6-72. Occupying the position
6-73. The ambush engagement
6-74. Employment of infantry weapons
SECTION VIII. ATTACKING AMBUSHES
6-75. Mental preparation
6-76. Prearranged schemes of maneuver
6-77. Spirit of the offensive
6-78. Fire and movement
6-79. Authority of subordinates to act on own initiative
SECTION IX. ATTACKING HOUSES AND SMALL BIVOUACS
6-80. Attacking houses
6-81. Attacking small bivouacs
6-82. Destroying captured bivouacs
SECTION X. STRATAGEMS AND RUSES
6-83. Rules of land warfare
6-84. Clearing the station
6-85. Apprehending informers
6-86. Spies following a patrol
6-87. Guerrilla ruses and stratagems
SECTION XI. RIVER CROSSINGS
6-88. Introduction
6-89. Availability of means
6-90. Swimming
6-91. Bridges
6-92. Boats
6-93. Ferries
6-94. Fords
6-95. Rafts
6-96. Crossing unfordable streams with usual infantry equipment
6-97. Crossing horses and mules
SECTION XII. SPECIAL OPERATIONS
6-98. Trail cutting
6-99. Night operations
CHAPTER VII. MOUNTED DETACHMENTS
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
7-1. Purpose
7-2. Use of animals an expedient
7-3. Need for training in animal care and employment
7-4. Some difficulties in employing animals
SECTION II. CARE OF ANIMALS
7-5. Knowledge of animal management required
7-6. Nomenclature
7-7. Identification
7-8. Duties of officers charged with care of animals
7-9. Rules for handling animals
7-10. Stables and corrals
7-11. Grooming
7-12. Forage
7-13. Principles of feeding
7-14. Watering
7-15. Conditioning
7-16. Management of animals on the march
7-17. First-aid treatment
7-18. Communicable diseases
7-19. Care of the feet
7-20. Veterinary supplies
SECTION III. PROCUREMENT OF ANIMALS
7-21. Necessity for local purchase
7-22. Procurement agents
7-23. Native dealers
7-24. Purchasing from native dealers
7-25. Minimum specifications for animals
7-27. Age qualifications
7-28. Examination for soundness
7-29. Marking of purchased animals
7-30. Use of United States animals in small wars
SECTION IV. MOUNTED DETACHMENTS
7-31. Value of mounted detachments
7-32. Basis for organization
7-33. A mounted rifle company
7-34. Machine-gun and howitzer units
7-35. Animals for mounted detachments
7-36. Spare mounts
7-37. Assignment of mounts
7-38. Horse equipment
7-39. Individual equipment
7-40. Arms and ammunition
7-41. Pack equipment
7-42. Training, general
7-43. Training for specialists
7-44. Time required for training
7-45. Combat training
7-46. Tactical uses of mounted detachments
7-47. Conduct of mounted patrols
7-48. Combat patrols
7-49. Ambushes
SECTION V. HASTILY ORGANIZED MOUNTED PATROLS
7-50. Definition and uses
7-51. Discussion
7-52. Type of animal to employ
7-53. Other details
CHAPTER VIII. CONVOYS AND CONVOY ESCORTS
8-1. Definitions
8-2. Mission
8-3. Organization
8-4. Convoy types
8-5. March of convoys
8-6. Disposition of the escort on the march
8-7. Defehse of a convoy
8-8. Attack of a convoy
8-9. Security measures at the halt
CHAPTER IX. AVIATION
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
9-1. General
9-2. Special air tactics involved
SECTION II. COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION
9-3. Types
9-4. Reconnaissance aircraft
9-5. Combat aircraft
9-6. Transport aircraft
9-7. Organization
9-8. Movement to the theater of operations
SECTION III. SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF BASES
9-9. Main airdrome
9-10. Auxiliary airdromes
9-11. Advanced landing fields
9-12. Emergency landing fields
9-13. Specifications of landing fields
9-14. Minimum size of landing fields
SECTION IV. GENERAL CONDUCT OF AIR OPERATIONS
9-15. Control and command
9-16. Details of operations
9-17. Reports
SECTION V. EMPLOYMENT OF RECONNAISSANCE AVIATION
9-18. General considerations
9-19. Strategical reconnaissance
9-20. Tactical reconnaissance
9-21. Infantry mission
9-22. Special combat missions
SECTION VI. COMBAT SUPPORT
9-23. General discussion
9-24. Fighting aviation
9-25. Attack aviation
9-26. Bombing aviation
9-27. Attacks on troop columns and trains
9-28. Support of a marching column
9-29. Attack on hostile positions
9-30. Attacks on towns
9-31. Aviation as a mobile reserve
SECTION VII. AIR TRANSPORT
9-32. General considerations
9-33. Troop transportation
9-34. Transportation of supplies
9-35. Dropping of supplies
9-36. Evacuation of sick and wounded
CHAPTER X. RIVER OPERATIONS
SECTION I. RIVER OPERATIONS IN GENERAL
10-1. Necessity for river operations
10-2. General characteristics of rivers
SECTION II. TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BOATS
10-3. General
10-4. Coastwise communications
10-5. Nature of the river
10-6. Lower river boats
10-7. Middle river boats
10-8. Upper river boats
10-9. Types of boats available
10-10. Method of propulsion
10-11. Influence of tactical principles
SECTION III. PREPARATIONS FOR RIVER OPERATIONS
10-12. Introduction
10-13. Organizing the river patrol
10-14. Crews
10-15. Boat procurement
10-16. Armament and equipment
10-17. Loading boats
SECTION IV. OCCUPATION OF A RIVER
10-18. The mission
10-19. Similarity to land operations
10-20. The day’s march
10-21. Rate of movement
10-22. Boat formations
10-23. Reconnaissance and security
10-24. Initial contact with the enemy
10-25. A typical ambush
10-26. The attack
10-27. Garrisoning the river
10-28. Defensive measures
10-29. Passage of obstacles
10-30. Night operations
10-31. Supporting forces
CHAPTER XI. DISARMAMENT OF POPULATION
11-1. General
11-2. Estimate and Plans
11-3. Laws, Decrees, Orders, and Instructions
11-4. Manner of Collecting Arms
11-5. Collecting Agencies
11-6. Custody of Arms
11-7. Disposition
11-8. Permits
11-9. Control of Sources of Supply
11-10. Measures Following Disarmament
CHAPTER XII. ARMED NATIVE ORGANIZATIONS
SECTION I. GENERAL
12-1. Local armed forces
12-2. United States intervention
12-3. Restoration of authority to local government
12-4. Formation of a constabulary
SECTION II. ORGANIZATION OF A CONSTABULARY
12-5. Planning agency
12-6. Approval of plans
12-7. Local creative law
12-8. United States creative laws
12-9. Composition
12-10. Duties and powers
12-11. Size of force
12-12. Administrative organization
12-13. Supply and equipment
12-14. Records and reports
12-15. Finances
12-16. Recruiting
12-17. Housing and shelter
12-18. Military courts
SECTION III. OPERATIONS AND TRAINING
12-19. Recruits
12-20. Unit training
12-21. Officers
12-22. Field operations
12-23. Troop leading
SECTION IV. AUXILIARY FORCES
12-24. Urban and rural agents
12-25. Special agents
12-26. Auxiliary units
SECTION V. CIVIL AND MILITARY RELATIONSHIP
12-27. Relation to civil power
12-28. Relation to United States forces
CHAPTER XIII. MILITARY GOVERNMENT
SECTION 1. GENERAL
13-1. Scope of chapter
13-2. Definitions
13-3. Authority for exercise of military government
13-4. Functions of military government in general
13-5. By whom exercised
13-6. How proclaimed
SECTION II. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF MILITARY
13-7. Importance of organization
13-8. Plans
13-9. The proclamation
13-10. Supplemental regulations
13-11. Digest of information
13-12. Attitude toward local officials and inhabitants
13-13. Law enforcement agencies and public services
13-14. Exceptional military courts
13-15. Control of civil and military administration
13-16. Public utilities
13-17. Trade relationship
13-18. Mines and quarries
13-19. Public revenues
13-20. Requisitions and contributions
13-21. Public and private property
13-22. Employment of inhabitants
13-23. Police and elections
SECTION III. APPLICATIONS OF PRINCIPLES TO SITUATIONS SHORT OF WAR
13-24. General considerations
13-25. What laws apply
CHAPTER XIV. SUPERVISION OF ELECTIONS
SECTION I. GENERAL
14-1. Introduction
14-2. Request for supervision
14-3. Definitions
14-4. Responsibilities of an electoral mission
14-5. Intimidation of voters
14-6. Military and police measures
14-7. Unethical practices
SECTION II. PERSONNEL
14-8. Chairman
14-9. Electoral mission staff
14-10. Commissioned officers
14-11. Enlisted personnel
14-12. Civilian personnel
14-13. Instruction of personnel
14-14. Replacements
14-15. Pay and allowances
SECTION III. ELECTORAL MISSION
14-16. Chairman
14-17. Vice chairman
14-18. Executive officer
14-19. Secretary
14-20. Inspector
14-21. Intelligence and press relations officer
14-22. Law officer.-
14-23. Communications officer
14-24. Disbursing and supply officer
14-25. Medical officer
14-26. Aides
14-27. Departmental board personnel
14-28. Cantonal board personnel
SECTION IV. NATIONAL BOARD OF ELECTIONS
14-29. Members and staff
14-30. Duties
14-31. Secretary of the National Board of Elections
14-32. Complaints, appeals, and petitions
14-33. Assembly
SECTION V. REGISTRATION AND VOTING
14-34. Registration
14-35. Voting
14-36. Final reports
CHAPTER XV. WITHDRAWAL
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
15-1. General
15-2. Factors to be considered
15-3. Phases of withdrawal
SECTION II. WITHDRAWAL FROM ACTIVE MILITARY OPERATIONS
15-4. Concentration
15-5. Rights retained
15-6. Procedure
SECTION III. FINAL WITHDRAWAL
15-7. General
15-8. Plans and orders
15-9. Executive staff duties
15-10. First section
15-11. Second section
15-12. Third section
15-13. Fourth section
15-14. Special staff duties
15-15. Air officer
15-16. Engineer officer
15-17. Communications officer
15-18. Surgeon
15-19. Quartermaster
United States Marine Corps
Tactics and Strategies for Engaging in Military Operations
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6-92. Boats.
6-93. Ferries.
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