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Djillali Hadjouis. The Skull of Quadruped and Bipedal Vertebrates
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
The Skull of Quadruped and Bipedal Vertebrates. Variations, Abnormalities and Joint Pathologies
Introduction
I.1. A series for the comparative anatomy of Mammals
I.2. Introduction to the craniofacial and dental taxonomic terminology of vertebrates and dimorphism
1. Proboscideans: The Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)
1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
1.2. Mammoth discoveries in Île-de-France
1.3. A young mammoth in Maisons-Alfort
1.4. A woolly mammoth skull in the reserves
1.5. A mammoth skull with removed tusks
1.6. A particular tooth eruption
2. Equidae. 2.1. The horse (Equus caballus)
2.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
2.1.2. A fossil horse in Africa: paleogeographic and biostratigraphic distributions
2.1.3. The postural balance of Equidae
2.1.4. Joint pathologies in service horses
2.1.5. Introduction to animal bone pathologies and zoonoses
2.1.6. The horse’s status over the centuries
2.2. The donkey (Equus asinus)
2.2.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
2.2.2. The status of the donkey over the centuries
3. Bovidae. 3.1. Aurochs (Bos primigenius)
3.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
3.1.2. Cattle (Bos taurus)
3.1.3. The status of cattle over the centuries
3.2. The bison (Bison priscus): chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
3.3. The buffalo (Syncerus antiquus)
3.3.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the current Syncerus and Bubalus buffaloes
3.3.2. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of fossil species
3.3.3. Bos/Syncerus dental distinction criteria. 3.3.3.1. Distinction of the upper teeth
3.3.3.2. Styles and pillars of the outer wall
3.3.3.3. Shape of the entostyle
3.3.3.4. Presence or absence of interfossettes
3.3.3.5. Shape of the upper M3 metastyle
3.3.3.6. Distinction of the lower teeth
3.3.3.7. Molarization process
3.3.4. Postural balance and paleoecology of Bovidae
3.3.5. Polymorphism and dimorphism in Bovidae
3.3.6. Osteoarticular abnormalities and bone pathologies in Bovidae
3.4. The common eland (Taurotragus oryx)
3.4.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
3.4.2. Posture and locomotor adaptation
3.5. The hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus)
3.5.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
3.5.2. Postural balance
3.6. Gazelles (Gazella)
3.6.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
3.6.2. Postural balance
4. Cervidae. 4.1. The red deer (Cervus elaphus)
4.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
4.1.2. The status of deer developing over the centuries
4.2. The Algerian thick-cheeked deer (Megaceroides algericus)
4.2.1. Several species from Europe, the Mediterranean islands and one species from the Maghreb
4.2.2. Size of Megaceroides algericus
5. Suidae. 5.1. The wild boar (Sus scrofa)
5.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
5.1.2. The status of the boar over the centuries
5.1.3. Postural balance of the boar
5.2. The warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus or africanus)
5.2.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
5.2.2. A particular tooth eruption
5.2.3. Postural balance of the warthog
5.2.4. Pathologies in warthogs
5.2.5. A catastrophic mortality curve
6. Carnivores. 6.1. The lion (Panthera leo)
6.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
6.1.2. Occlusal posture and the lion’s balance on the ground
6.2. The panther or leopard (Panthera pardus)
6.2.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
6.2.2. Occlusal posture and postural balance of the panther on the ground
6.3. The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta): chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
6.4. The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
6.4.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species
6.4.2. Occlusal posture and postural balance of hyenas on the ground
6.5. The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos): chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
6.6. The wolf (Canis lupus): chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
7. Lagomorphs: The Hare (Lepus capensis)
7.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species
7.2. The status of the hare over the centuries
8. Primates
8.1. Occlusal posture, quadrupedic and verticalization of the Hominoid body
8.2. Work in dentofacial orthopedics and embryogenesis
9. Hominoids
9.1. Kenyapithecus
9.2. Nacholapithecus
9.3. Otavipithecus namibiensis
10. From Hominoids to Hominids
10.1. Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba
10.2. Praeanthropus tugenensis (= Orrorin tugenensis)
10.3. Sahelanthropus tchadensis
10.4. Ardipithecus ramidus
10.5. Praeanthropus africanus (= Australopithecus anamensis)
11. Australopithecus
11.1. Australopithecus afarensis
11.2. Australopithecus africanus
11.3. Australopithecus bahrelghazali
11.4. Australopithecus garhi
11.5. Paranthropus robustus
11.6. Australopithecus aethiopicus
11.7. Australopithecus boisei
12. The Genus Homo
12.1. Homo habilis
12.2. Homo rudolfensis
12.3. Homo ergaster and Homo erectus
12.4. Homo georgicus
12.5. Homo neanderthalensis
12.5.1. Plesiomorphic and autapomorphic morphological features
12.5.2. Non-Sapiens craniofacial dynamics and posture
12.5.3. A permanent labidodental joint
12.5.4. The asymmetry of fossil pieces
12.6. Homo sapiens
13. Migration and Paleogeographic Distribution of the Homininae. 13.1. Australopithecus and Homo habilis: regional African migrations
13.2. Homo ergaster and Homo erectus: the first great African-Eurasian journey
13.3. Homo neanderthalensis: a Eurasian traveler
13.4. Homo sapiens: the second great conquest voyage on all continents
14. The Craniofacial Puzzle in Motion. 14.1. Normality and its boundaries with the abnormal and the pathological
14.2. The importance of interpreting or reinterpreting (Le Double 1903, 1906)
14.3. Craniofacial structural mechanics and dynamics
14.3.1. Biodynamics of vault bones
14.3.2. Biodynamics of the temporal bone
14.3.3. Biodynamics of the occipital bone
14.3.4. Biodynamics of the sphenoidal bone
14.3.5. Biodynamics of the maxillary bone
14.3.6. Biodynamics of the mandibular bone
15. The Basics of Structural Analysis. 15.1. Analysis tools using imaging
15.2. Maxillo-mandibular dysmorphoses
15.2.1. Angle’s classification
15.3. History of structural mechanics: from geometry to imagery. 15.3.1. The initiators
15.3.2. FDO orthopedists and orthodontists
15.3.3. Osteopaths
15.3.4. Recent work in human paleontology and paleoanthropology. 15.3.4.1. Spheno-occipital and neural dynamics in Old World fossils
15.3.4.2. Craniofacial and occlusal dynamics of anatomically modern humans in North Africa
16. Identification of Malformation. 16.1. Craniostenosis, a history of sutures
16.2. Craniofacial asymmetries
16.2.1. Examples of craniofacial asymmetries
16.2.2. The importance of the spine and its effects in basic cranial equilibrium or disequilibrium
16.3. Psalidodontia or labidodontia?
16.3.1. The behavior of the dental articulation of juvenile Pleistocene and Holocene populations in the Maghreb and the Sahara
16.3.2. Dental articulation and extraction of the incisors
16.4. Para-masticatory functions of Homo sapiens in Algeria
16.5. Occlusal equilibrium and adaptation of regional morphotypes
16.5.1. In the Paris Basin
16.5.2. In the Maghreb countries
16.5.3. Occlusal balance and the regional morphotype in the Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa
17. Ignored Pathologies. 17.1. Extremely rare craniofacial pathologies
17.1.1. Crouzon syndrome
17.1.2. Marfan syndrome
17.1.3. Cranial thickening and Albers-Schönberg’s disease
17.1.4. Torticollis
17.1.5. Parietal thinning
17.1.6. Scurvy
17.2. The oldest therapeutic practice: trepanning
Conclusion
References
Index. A
B
C
D, E
F
G
H
K
L
M
N
O
P
R, S
T
U
V, Y, Z
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