Extreme and defensive driving

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Dmitry Aleksandrovich Liskin. Extreme and defensive driving

Introduction

DEFENSIVE DRIVING

Front wheels sliding

Steerability

Drift: causes of origin and methods of fighting

Practical advices for a driver

Turnaround while reversing (police turn)

Return from an obtuse drift angle

Rocking, rhythmic drift

Comparison of fighting methods with drift on a rear-wheel-drive

Braking with variable effort

Conclusion for the first part

EXTREME DRIVING

Acceleration from standstill, braking

Tyre grip on the road

Revving when downshifting

Balance of braking effort

Engine braking

Characteristics of limited slip differential

Move around the ring: understeer and overersteer

Cornering (part 1)

Trajectory of movement in a corner

Dosing of the braking effort

A simple example of car setup

S-like corner

Psychological state of a racer

Settings of the gearbox

Braking with traction on the driving axle

Steering at the entry of a corner

Ascents, descents, slopes of the road

Passage of an arc

J-like corner

Examples of coupled corners and tracks sections

Examples from oval races

Car simulator for studying, training, tests

Influence of weight distribution on car behavior

Settings that affect safety

Cornering (part 2)

Conclusion

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Extreme and defensive driving – are strongly coupled driving styles, covering body of knowledge about cars, its components and parts and how it works, driving experience and skills. Extreme driving means driving a car at its limit of potential and learning basics sports elements (high-speed cornering, drifting, braking methods, study of special terminology and so on) to achieve a minimum lap time. Defensive driving is focused on preventing crashes related to a partial loss of control over car (for example, when the front wheels lose grip with the road in a corner).

Control a racing car is a mastery that takes years to master. Handling a sport car by a professional racer is comparable to virtuoso playing of a musician on the guitar or piano. You ask: “Why do we need extreme and defensive driving skills, when we are either driving calmly in a straight line or standing in a city traffic jam?” The answer is simple: no one is immune to accidents on the road that can occur no matter what your driving style is. If a driver does not have the necessary skills, defensive driving techniques are not worked out and are not brought to automatism – the driver can count on luck only.

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Consider ways to get out of drift. At first consider the front-wheel-drive type. We will provoke drift by the hand brake. When the rear axle begins drift, we must press the throttle pedal to 100% and direct the front wheels against direction of drift to stop the drift.

There are noticeable traces left by locked rear wheels during the action of the handbrake. The first was locked the unloaded wheel. After the end of handbrake action, the throttle pedal was pressed and the steering wheel was turned against of the drift direction. It may be seen unloaded front wheel began to grind after pressing the throttle pedal. This is explained by the fact the machine has a zero-friction differential. Before the end of the drift the steering wheel was returned to the “straight” position, after the throttle pedal was released.

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