The History of the Indian Revolt and of the Expeditions to Persia, China and Japan 1856-7-8

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Dodd George. The History of the Indian Revolt and of the Expeditions to Persia, China and Japan 1856-7-8

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION. INDIA IN 1856: A RETROSPECT

CHAPTER I. THE ANGLO-INDIAN ARMY AT THE TIME OF THE OUTBREAK

CHAPTER II. SYMPTOMS: – CHUPATTIES AND CARTRIDGES

CHAPTER III. MEERUT, AND THE REBEL-FLIGHT TO DELHI

CHAPTER IV. DELHI, THE CENTRE OF INDIAN NATIONALITY

CHAPTER V. THE EVENTFUL ESCAPES FROM DELHI

CHAPTER VI. LUCKNOW AND THE COURT OF OUDE

CHAPTER VII. SPREAD OF DISAFFECTION IN MAY

CHAPTER VIII. TREACHERY AND ATROCITIES AT CAWNPORE

CHAPTER IX. BENGAL AND THE LOWER GANGES: JUNE

CHAPTER X. OUDE, ROHILCUND, AND THE DOAB: JUNE

CHAPTER XI. CENTRAL REGIONS OF INDIA: JUNE

CHAPTER XII. EVENTS IN THE PUNJAUB AND SINDE

CHAPTER XIII. PREPARATIONS: CALCUTTA AND LONDON

CHAPTER XIV. THE SIEGE OF DELHI: JUNE AND JULY

CHAPTER XV. HAVELOCK’S CAMPAIGN: ALLAHABAD TO LUCKNOW

CHAPTER XVI. THE DINAPOOR MUTINY, AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

CHAPTER XVII. MINOR MUTINIES: JULY AND AUGUST

CHAPTER XVIII. THE SIEGE OF DELHI: FINAL OPERATIONS

CHAPTER XIX. THE STORY OF THE LUCKNOW RESIDENCY

CHAPTER XX. MINOR CONFLICTS: SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER

CHAPTER XXI. THE RESCUE AT LUCKNOW, BY SIR COLIN CAMPBELL

CHAPTER XXII. CLOSING EVENTS OF THE YEAR

CHAPTER XXIII. A SECOND YEAR OF REBELLION

CHAPTER XXIV. MILITARY OPERATIONS IN FEBRUARY

CHAPTER XXV. FINAL CONQUEST OF LUCKNOW: MARCH

CHAPTER XXVI. MINOR EVENTS IN MARCH

CHAPTER XXVII. DISCUSSIONS ON REBEL PUNISHMENTS

CHAPTER XXVIII. MILITARY OPERATIONS IN APRIL

CHAPTER XXIX. PROGRESS OF EVENTS IN MAY

CHAPTER XXX. ROSE’S VICTORIES AT CALPEE AND GWALIOR

CHAPTER XXXI. STATE OF AFFAIRS AT THE END OF JUNE

CHAPTER XXXII. GRADUAL PACIFICATION IN THE AUTUMN

CHAPTER XXXIII. LAST DAYS OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY’S RULE

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER

§ 1. THE PERSIAN EXPEDITION, 1856-7

§ 2. THE CHINESE AND JAPANESE EXPEDITIONS, 1856-7-8

§ 3. ENGLISH PROSPECTS IN THE EAST

APPENDIX

East India Company’s Petition to Parliament, January 1858.– (See p. 563.)

E. I. Company’s Objections to the First and Second India Bills: April 1858. (See p. 567.)

E. I. Company’s Objections to the Third India Bill: June 1858. (See p. 570.)

Abstract of Act for the Better Government of India – 21 and 22 Vict. cap. 106. – Received Royal Assent August 2, 1858. (See p. 573.)

Transfer of Governing Powers

Council of India

Duties and Proceedings of the Council

Appointments and Patronage

Transfer of Property

Revenues

Existing Establishments

Actions and Contracts

Saving of Certain Rights of the Company

Commencement of the Act

The Indian Mutiny Relief Fund. (See p. 226.)

Queen Victoria’s Proclamation to the Princes, Chiefs, and People of India. – Read in the principal Cities of India, November 1, 1858. (See p. 612.)

Viscount Canning’s Proclamation. – Issued at Allahabad, November 1, 1858. (See p. 612.)

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

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Scarcely had England recovered from the excitement attendant on the war with Russia; scarcely had she counted the cost, provided for the expenditure, reprobated the blunderings, mourned over the sufferings; scarcely had she struck a balance between the mortifying incapacity of some of her children, and the Christian heroism of others – when she was called upon anew to unsheath the sword, and to wage war, not against an autocrat on this side of the Caspian, but against some of the most ancient nations in the world. Within a few months, almost within a few weeks, China, Persia, and India appeared in battle-array against her – they being the injurers or the injured, according to the bias of men’s judgments on the matter. It may almost be said that five hundred millions of human beings became her enemies at once: there are at the very least this number of inhabitants in the three great Asiatic empires; and against all, proclamations were issued and armaments fitted out. Whether the people, the millions, sided more with her or with their own rulers, is a question that must be settled in relation to each of those empires separately; but true it is that the small army of England was called upon suddenly to render services in Asia, so many and varied, in regions so widely separated, and so far distant from home, that a power of mobility scarcely less than ubiquity, aided by a strength of endurance almost more than mortal – could have brought that small force up to a level with the duties required of it. Considering how small a space a month is in the life of a nation, we may indeed say that this great Oriental outbreak was nearly simultaneous in the three regions of Asia. It was in October 1856 that the long-continued bickerings between the British and the Chinese at Canton broke out into a flame, and led to the despatch of military and naval forces from England. It was while the British admiral was actually engaged in bombarding Canton that the governor-general of India, acting as viceroy of the Queen of England, declared war against the Shah of Persia for an infringement of treaty relating to the city of Herat. And lastly, it was while two British armaments were engaged in those two regions of warfare, that disobedience and disbanding began in India, the initial steps to the most formidable military Revolt, perhaps, the world has ever seen.

The theologian sees, or thinks he sees, the finger of God, the avenging rod of an All-ruling Providence, in these scenes of blood-shedding: a punishment on England for not having Christianised the natives of the East to the full extent of her power. The soldier insists that, as we gained our influence in the East mainly by the sword, by the sword we must keep it: permitting no disobedience to our military rule, but at the same time offending as little as possible against the prejudices of faith and caste among the natives. The politician smitten with Russo-phobia, deeply imbued with the notion, whether well or ill founded, that the Muscovite aims at universal dominion in Europe and Asia, seeks for evidences of the czar’s intrigues at Pekin, Teheran, and Delhi. The partisan, thinking more of the ins and outs of official life, than of Asia, points triumphantly to the dogma that if his party had been in power, no one of these three Oriental wars would have come upon England. The merchant, believing that individual interest lies at the bottom of all national welfare, tells us that railways and cotton plantations would be better for India than military stations; and that diplomatic piques at Canton and at Teheran ought not to be allowed to drive us into hostility with nations who might be advantageous customers for our wares. But while the theologian, the soldier, the politician, the partisan, and the merchant are thus rushing to a demonstration, each of his favourite theory, without waiting for the evidence which can only by degrees be collected, England, as a nation, has had to bear up against the storm as best she could. Not even one short twelvemonth of peace was vouchsafed to her. The same year, 1856, that marked the closing scenes of one war, witnessed the commencement of two others; while the materials for a fourth war were at the same time fermenting, unknown to those whose duty it was to watch symptoms.

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Cherry, cheri (Tam.), village or town; termination to the name of many places in Southern India; such as Pondicherry.

Chit, chittí (H.), a note or letter.

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