Оглавление
Douglas M. Marshall. UAS Integration into Civil Airspace
Aerospace Series
UAS Integration into Civil Airspace. Policy, Regulations and Strategy
Contents
List of Figures
Guide
Pages
Preface
Organization of the Book
Aerospace Series Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 Background. Introduction
Setting the Stage for Integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft into Non-segregated Airspace
The Law of the Sea and the Law of the Air
A Brief History of Aviation Regulations
International Civil Aviation Regulations
The Chicago Convention and the International Civil Aviation Organization
Conclusion
References
2 UAS Airspace Integration in the European Union
Regulations, Opinions, Decisions. Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947
Commission Delegated Regulation 2019/945
Executive Director Decision 2019/021/R Issuing AMC and GM to CIR (EU) No. 2019/947
Explanatory Note to ED Decision 2019/021/R
Easy Access Rules for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and (EU) 2019/945)
Definition of “Assemblies of People”
Definition of “Dangerous Good”
Annex 1, Issue 1 to ED Decision 2019/021/R “Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947”
Opinion No 01/2020 High-Level Regulatory Framework for U-space
ED Decision 2020/022/R Amendment 1 to Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material to CIR 2019/947 and to the Annex (Part-UAS) Thereto, Issue 1, Amendment 1
Explanatory Note to Decision 2020/022/R
Annex I to ED Decision 2020/022/
Annex II to ED Decision 2020/022/R AMC and GM to the Annex (Part-uas) to Regulation (EU) 2019/021/R
EASA Rules of the Air, Easy Access Rules for Standardized European Rules of the Air (SERA)
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/666 of 22 April 2021 Amending Regulation (EU) No. 923/2012 as Regards Requirements for Manned Aviation Operating in U-space Airspace
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/664 of 22 April 2021 on a Regulatory Framework for U-space
CHAPTER I: PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER II: U-SPACE AIRSPACE AND COMMON INFORMATION SERVICES
CHAPTER III: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UAS OPERATORS AND U-SPACE SERVICE PROVIDERS
CHAPTER IV: U-SPACE SERVICES
CHAPTER V: CERTIFICATION OF U-SPACE SERVICE PROVIDERS AND SINGLE COMMON INFORMATION SERVICE PROVIDERS
CHAPTER VI: GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/665 of 22 April 2021 Amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 as Regards Requirements for Providers of Air Traffic Management/Air Navigation Services and Other Air Traffic Management Network Functions in the U-space Airspace Designated in Controlled Airspace
Opinion No. 01/2020 High-Level Regulatory Framework for the U-Space
CIR (EU) 2020/1166 Amending Implementing Regulation 2019/947 as Regards Postponing the Date of Application for Standard Scenarios for Operations Executed in or Beyond the Visual Line of Sight
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/639 of 12 May 2020 Amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 as Regards Standard Scenarios for Operations Executed in or Beyond the Visual Line of Sight
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/746 of 4 June 2020 Amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 as Regards Postponing Dates of Application of Certain Measures in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1058 of 27 April 2020 Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 as Regards the Introduction of Two New Unmanned Aircraft Systems Classes
Implementing Organizations. Sesar Ju. U-space; Supporting Safe and Secure Drone Operations in Europe; A Report of the Consolidated SESAR U-space Research and Innovation Results
CORUS (See also the discussion under EUROCONTROL)
EPAS (European Plan for Aviation Safety 2021–2025 – EPAS)
EASA’s European Plan for Aviation Safety 2021–2025 Volume I
EASA’s European Plan for Aviation Safety 2021–2025 Volume II
RMT.0230 Introduction of a Regulatory Framework for the Operation of Drones
RMT.0729 Regular Update of Regulations (EU) 2019/945 & 2019/947 (Drones in the “Open” and “Specific” Categories)
RMT.0730 Regular Update of the AMC & GM to Regulations (EU) 2019/945 & 2019/947 (Drones in the “Open” and “Specific” Categories)
EASA’s European Plan for Aviation Safety 2021–2025 Volume III
Restarting a Complex System Is Challenging (SI-5005)
Cybersecurity (SI-2013)
Deconfliction between IFR and VFR Traffic (SI-4009)
Effectiveness of Safety Management System (SI-2026)
Failure of Air-ground Communication Service (SI-2018)
Failure of Navigation Service (SI-2016)
Failure of Surveillance Service (SI-2017)
Integration of RPAS/drones (SI-2014)
New Technologies and Automation (SI-2015)
Provision of Weather Information (Wind at Low Height) (SI-2009)
Effectiveness of Safety Management (SI-0041)
Decision-making in Complex Systems (SI-3016)
Design and Use of Procedures (SI-3007)
Impact of Culture on Human Performance (SI-3002)
Integration of Practical HF/HP into the Organization’s Management System (SI-3004)
Knowledge Development and Sharing (SI-3008)
Organizational and Individual Resilience (SI-3009)
Aeroplane System Reliability (SI-4012)
Damage Tolerance to UAS Collisions (SI-4019)
Eurocontrol
Aura
CORUS (See Previous Discussion)
Conclusion
References
3 ICAO
ICAO Model UAS Regulations
Advisory Circulars
DRAFT Canada AC 922-001, RPAS Safety Assurance
UTM Guidance
ICAO/RPAS Concept of Operations
ICAO U-AID Guidance
The ICAO/UAS Toolkit
RPAS Manual (Doc.) 10019 1st Edition
Conclusion
Reference
4 UAS Airspace Integration in the United States
The FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Hereafter FMRA), Public Law 112-95, Title III – Safety, Subtitle B – Unmanned Aircraft Systems
The FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 Title II, Subtitle B-UAS Safety (Pub. L. 114-190)
The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Pub. L. 115-254)
The Response from the FAA and NASA
Status of UTM Today
UTM Vision
Participation
Performance Authorizations
Airspace Authorization
Recent Developments in UAM/AAM
Conclusion
References
5 Global Airspace Integration Activities
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Germany
Section 4 Core Areas of Cooperation
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Singapore
South Africa
Sweden
United Kingdom
Conclusion
References
6 The Role of Standards
Conclusion
References
7 The Technology
Conclusion
References
8 Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience
Describing the Threat
ICAO
IATF
Global Resilient Aviation Network Concept of Operations – Trust Framework
ICAO Council and Assembly Documents
Declaration on Cybersecurity in Civil Aviation (Dubai, 2017)
ICAO “Update on the Progress in Cybersecurity,” Twenty-Second Meeting of the AFI Planning and Implementation Regional Group (APIRG/22) (Accra, Ghana, 29 July–2 August 2019)
ICAO Council 224th Session, Fourth Meeting C-DEC 224/4, “Mechanism to Address Cybersecurity in ICAO”
ICAO CANSO CANSO – Airbus Air Traffic Management Cybersecurity Policy Template Iintroduction, NACC/WG/6 – WP/23 August 2021
ICAO Assembly Document A40-10
ICAO Convention on International Civil Aviation Annexes
Conclusion
References
Index
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