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List of acronyms and conventional symbols
Introduction. Pediatric stroke. Revascularization and reconstructive surgery in children
Chapter I. Pediatric stroke. General information
1. Epidemiology
2. Pediatric stroke classifications
3. Aetiopathogenesis and risks
4. Clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases in children
5. Diagnostics of pediatric stroke
Chapter II. Conservative therapy of stroke and approaches to secondary prevention of CVD
1. Conservative therapy in the acute period of stroke
2. Secondary prevention of CVD
3. The outcomes of pediatric strokes and their prognosis
Chapter III. Surgical treatment of children with chronic cerebral ischemia
1. History of reconstructive and revascularization brain surgeries on pathological major cerebral vessels
2. Use of reconstructive and revascularization surgeries for treatment of various types of vascular diseases
3. Diagnostic algorithm and indications for surgical treatment
4. Types of surgeries on pathological brachiocephalic arteries
4.1 Reconstructive surgeries
4.2 Revascularization surgeries
5. Results of surgical treatment of children with chronic cerebral ischemia and indications for surgery
5.1 General data
5.2 Neuropsychological examination results in children with chronic cerebral ischemia
5.3 EEG test results in children with chronic cerebral ischemia
6. Results of surgical treatment of children with pathological extra-cranial segment of the ICA
6.1 Patho-morphological description of dysplastic vascular wall changes in the pathological deformation area
7. Results of surgical treatment of children with the pathology of an intracranial segment of major cerebral arteries
8. Stepwise surgical treatment
9. Surgical treatment complications
10. Assessment of surgical treatment results in the early post-surgery period (immediate outcomes)
10.1 Post-surgery catamnesis in children (outcomes)
Chapter IV. Conclusion
List of References
Olga Benuanovna Belousova
Neurologist, Dr. Med. Sci., leading research scientist in the Clinical Vascular Neurosurgery Department of FSAI «Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
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In the opinion of W. Fisher (1982), the surgical treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency in children is required in cases, when the ICA changes may lead to a progressing neurologic deficiency. The author also states that cerebrovascular insufficiency in children presents a serious problem, as an inadequate perfusion of brain tissue leads to irreversible changes with the subsequent formation of a neurologic deficiency. In his opinion, the most frequent causes leading to cerebrovascular insufficiency are the following ICA changes: 1) congenital pathological tortuosity (kinking), 2) post-traumatic changes with thrombosis, aneurysm and embolism, and 3) thromboses [97].
In children, CVDs may be also caused by: the moya-moya disease, a fibro-muscular dysplasia, an artery dissection [8; 20]. All the above-mentioned diseases lead either to stenosis or luminal occlusion [213].
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