Italian Villas and Their Gardens

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Edith Wharton. Italian Villas and Their Gardens

INTRODUCTION. ITALIAN GARDEN-MAGIC

I. FLORENTINE VILLAS

II. SIENESE VILLAS

III. ROMAN VILLAS

IV. VILLAS NEAR ROME

I. CAPRAROLA AND LANTE

II. VILLA D’ESTE

III. FRASCATI

V. GENOESE VILLAS

VI. LOMBARD VILLAS

VII. VILLAS OF VENETIA

ARCHITECTS AND LANDSCAPE-GARDENERS MENTIONED

ALESSI (GALEAZZO) 1512-1572

ALGARDI (ALESSANDRO) 1602-1654

AMMANATI (BARTOLOMMEO) 1511-1592

BERNINI (GIOVANNI LORENZO) 1598-1680

BORROMINI (FRANCESCO) 1599-1667

BRAMANTE (DONATO) 1444-1514

BROWN (LANCELOT) 1715-1783

BUONTALENTI (BERNARDO TIMANTE) 1536-1608

CAMPORESI (PIETRO) B. –, d. 1781

CARLONE

CASTELLI (CARLO) XVII Century

CASTELLO (GIOVANNI BATTISTA)

CRIVELLI. XVII Century

FERRI (ANTONIO) XVII Century

FONTANA (CARLO) 1634-1714

FONTANA (GIOVANNI) 1546-1614

FRIGIMELICA (COUNT GIROLAMO) XVIII Century

JUVARA (FILIPPO) 1685-1735

LE NÔTRE (ANDRÉ) 1613-1700

LIGORIO (PIRRO) 1493-1580

LIPPI (ANNIBALE) B. –, d. 1581

LONGHENA (BALDASSARE) 1604-1682

LUNGHI OR LONGHI (MARTINO) THE ELDER. XVI Century

MARCHIONNE (CARLO) 1704-1780

MICHELANGELO (SIMONE BUONARROTI) 1475-1564

MONTORSOLI (FRA GIOVANNI ANGELO) 1507-1563

MOORE (JACOB) 1740-1793

MORA. XVII Century

NOLLI (ANTONIO) XVIII Century

NOLLI (PIETRO) XVIII Century

OLIVIERI (ORAZIO) OF TIVOLI. XVI Century

PALLADIO (ANDREA) 1508-1580

PARIGI (GIULIO) B. –, d. 1635

PERUZZI (BALDASSARE) 1481-1537

PIRANESI (GIOVANNI BATTISTA) 1720-1778

PONZIO (FLAMINIO) 1575-1620

PORTA (GIACOMO DELLA) 1541-1604

PRATI. XVIII Century

RAINALDI (GIROLAMO) 1570-1655

RAPHAEL SANZIO. 1483-1520

REPTON (HUMPHREY) 1752-1818

ROMANO (GIULIO DEI GIANNUZZI—ALSO CALLED GIULIO PIPPI) 1492-1546

RUGGIERI (ANTONIO MARIA) XVIII Century

SANGALLO (ANTONIO GIAMBERTI DA) 1455-1534

SANGALLO, THE YOUNGER (ANTONIO CORDIANI DA) 1483-1546

SANGALLO (GIULIANO GIAMBERTI DA) 1445-1516

SANSOVINO (JACOPO TATTI) 1487-1570

SAVINO (DOMENICO) XVIII Century

TITO (SANTI DI) OF FLORENCE. 1536-1603

IL TRIBOLO (NICCOLÓ PERICOLI) 1485-1550

UDINE (GIOVANNI DA) 1487-1564

VAGA (PIERIN DEL) 1500-1547

VASANZIO (GIOVANNI) B. –, d. 1622

VASARI (GIORGIO) 1511-1574

VIGNOLA (GIACOMO BAROZZI DA) 1507-1573

Отрывок из книги

For centuries Florence has been celebrated for her villa-clad hills. According to an old chronicler, the country houses were more splendid than those in the town, and stood so close-set among their olive-orchards and vineyards that the traveller “thought himself in Florence three leagues before reaching the city.”

Many of these houses still survive, strongly planted on their broad terraces, from the fifteenth-century farmhouse-villa, with its projecting eaves and square tower, to the many-windowed maison de plaisance in which the luxurious nobles of the seventeenth century spent the gambling and chocolate-drinking weeks of the vintage season. It is characteristic of Florentine thrift and conservatism that the greater number of these later and more pretentious villas are merely additions to the plain old buildings, while, even in the rare cases where the whole structure is new, the baroque exuberance which became fashionable in the seventeenth century is tempered by a restraint and severity peculiarly Tuscan.

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If, owing to circumstances, the more famous pleasure-grounds of Florence have lost much of their antique charm, she has happily preserved a garden of another sort which possesses to an unusual degree the flavour of the past. This is the villa of the Gamberaia at Settignano. Till its recent purchase, the Gamberaia had for many years been let out in lodgings for the summer, and it doubtless owes to this obscure fate the complete preservation of its garden-plan. Before the recent alterations made in its gardens, it was doubly interesting from its unchanged condition, and from the fact that, even in Italy, where small and irregular pieces of ground were so often utilized with marvellous skill, it was probably the most perfect example of the art of producing a great effect on a small scale.

The villa stands nobly on a ridge overlooking the village of Settignano and the wide-spread valley of the Arno. The house is small yet impressive. Though presumably built as late as 1610, it shows few concessions to the baroque style already prevalent in other parts of Italy, and is yet equally removed from the classic or Palladian manner which held its own so long in the Venetian country. The Gamberaia is distinctly Tuscan, and its projecting eaves, heavily coigned angles and windows set far apart on massive consoles, show its direct descent from the severe and sober school of sixteenth-century architects who produced such noble examples of the great Tuscan villa as I Collazzi and Fonte all’ Erta. Nevertheless, so well proportioned is its elevation that there is no sense of heaviness, and the solidity of the main building is relieved by a kind of flying arcade at each end, one of which connects the house with its chapel, while the other, by means of a spiral stairway in a pier of the arcade, leads from the first floor to what was once the old fish-pond and herb-garden. This garden, an oblong piece of ground, a few years ago had in its centre a round fish-pond, surrounded by symmetrical plots planted with roses and vegetables, and in general design had probably been little changed since the construction of the villa. It has now been remodelled on an elaborate plan, which has the disadvantage of being unrelated in style to its surroundings; but fortunately no other change has been made in the plan and planting of the grounds.

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