History of Science

History of Science
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A History of Science is a five volume work written by two brothers dr. Henry Smith Williams and dr. Edward Huntington Williams with a goal to present fundamental principles of science, to point out how they have been discovered by our predecessors, and to trace the growth of these ideas from their first vague beginnings. The work is chronologically divided in five parts, each of them covering the epoch in which different branches of science have been lifted to the next level. Table of Contents: Volume I: Idea of the Science in Ancient History and Prehistoric Times (Egypt, Babylonia, Assyria, Ancient Greece and Rome); Volume II: The Beginnings of Modern Science (Science in Middle Ages, Eastern, Western, Galileo, Newton); Volume III: Modern Development of the Physical Sciences; Volume IV: Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences; Volume V: Aspects of Recent Science.

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Edward Huntington Williams. History of Science

History of Science

Table of Contents

Volume 1

Table of Contents

BOOK I

I. PREHISTORIC SCIENCE

II. EGYPTIAN SCIENCE

III. SCIENCE OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALPHABET

V. THE BEGINNINGS OF GREEK SCIENCE

VI. THE EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHERS IN ITALY

VII. GREEK SCIENCE IN THE EARLY ATTIC PERIOD

VIII. POST-SOCRATIC SCIENCE AT ATHENS—PLATO, ARISTOTLE, AND THEOPHRASTUS

IX. GREEK SCIENCE OF THE ALEXANDRIAN OR HELLENISTIC PERIOD

X. SCIENCE OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

XI. A RETROSPECTIVE GLANCE AT CLASSICAL SCIENCE

APPENDIX. REFERENCE LIST, NOTES, AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES

CHAPTER I. PREHISTORIC SCIENCE

CHAPTER II. EGYPTIAN SCIENCE

CHAPTER III. SCIENCE OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

CHAPTER IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALPHABET

CHAPTER V. THE BEGINNINGS OF GREEK SCIENCE

CHAPTER VI. THE EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHERS IN ITALY

CHAPTER VII. GREEK SCIENCE IN THE EARLY ATTIC PERIOD

CHAPTER VIII. POST-SOCRATIC SCIENCE AT ATHENS

CHAPTER IX. GREEK SCIENCE OF THE ALEXANDRIAN OR HELLENISTIC PERIOD

CHAPTER X. SCIENCE OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

CHAPTER XI. A RETROSPECTIVE GLANCE AT CLASSICAL SCIENCE

Volume 2

Table of Contents

BOOK II. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN SCIENCE

I. SCIENCE IN THE DARK AGE

II. MEDIAEVAL SCIENCE AMONG THE ARABIANS

III. MEDIAEVAL SCIENCE IN THE WEST

IV. THE NEW COSMOLOGY—COPERNICUS TO KEPLER AND GALILEO

V. GALILEO AND THE NEW PHYSICS

VI. TWO PSEUDO-SCIENCES—ALCHEMY AND ASTROLOGY

VII. FROM PARACELSUS TO HARVEY

VIII. MEDICINE IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES

IX. PHILOSOPHER-SCIENTISTS AND NEW INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING

X. THE SUCCESSORS OF GALILEO IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

XI. NEWTON AND THE COMPOSITION OF LIGHT

XII. NEWTON AND THE LAW OF GRAVITATION

XIII. INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION IN THE AGE OF NEWTON

XIV. PROGRESS IN ELECTRICITY FROM GILBERT AND VON GUERICKE TO FRANKLIN

XV. NATURAL HISTORY TO THE TIME OF LINNAEUS

APPENDIX. REFERENCE LIST

CHAPTER I. SCIENCE IN THE DARK AGE

CHAPTER III. MEDIAEVAL SCIENCE IN THE WEST

CHAPTER IV. THE NEW COSMOLOGY—COPERNICUS TO KEPLER AND GALILEO

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI. TWO PSEUDO-SCIENCES—ALCHEMY AND ASTROLOGY

CHAPTER VII. FROM PARACELSUS TO HARVEY

CHAPTER VIII. MEDICINE IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES

CHAPTER IX. PHILOSOPHER-SCIENTISTS AND NEW INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING

CHAPTER X. THE SUCCESSORS OF GALILEO IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

CHAPTER XI. NEWTON AND THE COMPOSITION OF LIGHT

CHAPTER XII. NEWTON AND THE LAW OF GRAVITATION

CHAPTER XIV. PROGRESS IN ELECTRICITY FROM GILBERT AND VON GUERICKE TO FRANKLIN

Volume 3

Table of Contents

BOOK III. MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES

I. THE SUCCESSORS OF NEWTON IN ASTRONOMY

II. THE PROGRESS OF MODERN ASTRONOMY

III. THE NEW SCIENCE OF PALEONTOLOGY

IV. THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN GEOLOGY

V. THE NEW SCIENCE OF METEOROLOGY

VI. MODERN THEORIES OF HEAT AND LIGHT

VII. THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

VIII. THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

IX. THE ETHER AND PONDERABLE MATTER

APPENDIX. REFERENCE-LIST

CHAPTER I. THE SUCCESSORS OF NEWTON IN ASTRONOMY

CHAPTER II. THE PROGRESS OF MODERN ASTRONOMY

CHAPTER III. THE NEW SCIENCE OF PALEONTOLOGY

CHAPTER IV. THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN GEOLOGY

CHAPTER V. THE NEW SCIENCE OF METEOROLOGY

CHAPTER VI. MODERN THEORIES OF HEAT AND LIGHT

CHAPTER VII. THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

CHAPTER VIII. THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Volume 4

Table of Contents

BOOK IV. MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

I. THE PHLOGISTON THEORY IN CHEMISTRY

II. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY

III. CHEMISTRY SINCE THE TIME OF DALTON

IV. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

V. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

VI. THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION

VII. EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEDICINE

VIII. NINETEENTH-CENTURY MEDICINE

IX. THE NEW SCIENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

X. THE NEW SCIENCE OF ORIENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

APPENDIX. REFERENCE-LIST

CHAPTER I. MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES

CHAPTER II. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER III. CHEMISTRY SINCE THE TIME OF DALTON

CHAPTER IV. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

CHAPTER V. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

CHAPTER VI. THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION

CHAPTER VII. EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEDICINE

CHAPTER VIII. NINETEENTH-CENTURY MEDICINE

CHAPTER IX. THE NEW SCIENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Volume 5

Table of Contents

ASPECTS OF RECENT SCIENCE

I. THE BRITISH MUSEUM

II. THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR IMPROVING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

III. THE ROYAL INSTITUTION AND THE LOW-TEMPERATURE RESEARCHES

IV. SOME PHYSICAL LABORATORIES AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS

V. THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY AT NAPLES

VI. ERNST HAECKEL AND THE NEW ZOOLOGY

VII. SOME MEDICAL LABORATORIES AND MEDICAL PROBLEMS

VIII. SOME UNSOLVED SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS

IX. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

APPENDIX

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Henry Smith Williams, Edward Huntington Williams

Published by

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As to omens having to do with the affairs of everyday life the number is legion. For example, Moppert has published, in the Journal Asiatique,(19) the translation of a tablet which contains on its two sides several scores of birth-portents, a few of which maybe quoted at random:

"When a woman bears a child and it has the ears of a lion, a strong king is in the country." "When a woman bears a child and it has a bird's beak, that country is oppressed." "When a woman bears a child and its right hand is wanting, that country goes to destruction." "When a woman bears a child and its feet are wanting, the roads of the country are cut; that house is destroyed." "When a woman bears a child and at the time of its birth its beard is grown, floods are in the country." "When a woman bears a child and at the time of its birth its mouth is open and speaks, there is pestilence in the country, the Air-god inundates the crops of the country, injury in the country is caused."

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