A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns
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Edwin Chadwick. A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns
A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns
Table of Contents
APPENDIX
INTERMENTS IN TOWNS
Injuries to the Health of Survivors occasioned by the delay of Interments
Expenses of Funerals and their effects on the Living
Specific Effects of the Expenses of Funerals, and Associations to defray them amongst the Labouring Classes
Total Expenses of Funerals to different Classes of Society
Failure of the objects of the common Expenditure on Funerals
Means of diminishing the evil of the retention of the Remains of the Dead amidst the Living
Proposed Remedies by means of separate Parochial Establishments in Suburban Districts
Practicability of ensuring for the Public superior Interments at reduced Expenses
Examples of successful Legislation for the Improvement of the Practice of Interment
Experience in respect to the sites of Places of Burial, and sanitary precautions necessary in respect to them
Extent of Burial Grounds existing in the Metropolis
Moral influence of seclusion from thronged places, and of decorative Improvements in National Cemeteries, and arrangements requisite for the satisfactory performance of Funeral Rites
Necessity and nature of the superior agency requisite for private and public protection in respect to interments
Jurisprudential value of the appointment of Officers of Health
Advantages to Science from the Improvement of the Mortuary Registration
Proximate Estimate of the comparative Expense of Interments under arrangements for National Cemeteries
I. As to the Evils which require Remedies
II. As to the Remedies available for the Prevention or Mitigation of these Evils
APPENDIX
No. 1. REGULATIONS FOR PUBLIC INTERMENT AT FRANCKFORT, PASSED 1829
Section I
Section II.—The duties of the Cemetery Inspector
Section III.—On the Interment Commissaries
Of the Bearers or Attendants of the Funerals
Section IV.—Of the Grave-diggers
Of the Cost of Interment
The time which these orders are to remain in force
The rate of Interment for the Christian communities of the free town of Franckfort
Section V.—The Regulations with regard to the House for the reception of the Dead
Instructions to the Inspector in regard to the House of Reception
Instructions in respect to the Watchers or Nurses
No. 2. REGULATIONS FOR THE EXAMINATION AND CARE OF THE DEAD, AND FOR RELIEVING THE APPREHENSIONS OF PREMATURE INTERMENTS, PROVIDED AT MUNICH
Regulations for the Examination of the Dead
Regulations for the Guards or Watchers at the House for the reception of the Dead near the Burial Ground at Munich, with reference to the Inspection of Dead Bodies
Regulations for the Proceedings at the Second Examination of the Corpses by the proper nominated Surgeon of the Police
Instructions to the Soul-Nuns as to their Duties in regard to the Inspection of the Dead
No. 3. DEFECTIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE VERIFICATION OF THE CAUSES OF DEATH
Thomas Abraham, Esq., Surgeon
No. 4. THE PROPORTIONS OF DEATHS AND FUNERALS PREVENTIBLE BY SANITARY MEANS
Henry Blenkarne, Esq., South West District Surgeon of the City of London Union
No. 5
Dr. Wray, Medical Officer of the West London Union
No. 6
Mr. Thomas Porter, Surgeon to the St. Botolph’s Bishopsgate District
No. 7
Mr. John H. Paul, Surgeon, Medical Officer of the City of London Union
No. 8
Effects observed of Dark, Ill-ventilated, and Ill-drained Localities on the Moral and Physical Condition of the Population of Paris
No. 9. NOTE TO PAGE 128, ON SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN’S PLAN FOR EXTRA MURAL INTERMENTS, AND FOR EXCLUDING GRAVEYARDS ON THE REBUILDING OF THE CITY OF LONDON
No. 10. LETTER FROM THE TOWN CLERK OF STOCKPORT, ON INFANTICIDES COMMITTED PARTLY FOR THE SAKE OF BURIAL MONEY
No. 11. A RETURN OF THE AVERAGE AGES AT WHICH DEATHS AND FUNERALS OCCURRED DURING THE YEAR 1839 TO THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF SOCIETY IN THE SEVERAL SUPERINTENDENT REGISTRARS’ DISTRICTS OF THE METROPOLIS
No. 12. EXAMPLES OF ORDINARY UNDERTAKERS’ BILLS IN THE METROPOLIS
Exposition of the English Law in respect to Perpetuities in Public Burial Grounds
No. 13
Отрывок из книги
Edwin Chadwick
Published by Good Press, 2019
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2. It is proved by indubitable evidence that this morbific matter is as capable of entering the system when minute particles of it are diffused in the atmosphere as when it is directly introduced into the blood-vessels by a wound. When diffused in the air, these noxious particles are conveyed into the system through the thin and delicate walls of the air vesicles of the lungs in the act of respiration. The mode in which the air vesicles are formed and disposed is such as to give to the human lungs an almost incredible extent of absorbing surface, while at every point of this surface there is a vascular tube ready to receive any substance imbibed by it and to carry it at once into the current of the circulation. Hence the instantaneousness and the dreadful energy with which certain poisons act upon the system when brought into contact with the pulmonary surface. A single inspiration of the concentrated prussic acid, for example, is capable of killing with the rapidity of a stroke of lightning. So rapidly does this poison affect the system, and so deadly is its nature, that more than one physiologist has lost his life by incautiously inhaling it while using it for the purpose of experiment. If the nose of an animal be slowly passed over a bottle containing this poison, and the animal happen to inspire during the moment of the passage, it drops down dead instantaneously, just as when the poison is applied in the form of a liquid to the tongue or the stomach. On the other hand, the vapour of chlorine possesses the property of arresting the poisonous effects of prussic acid; and hence when an animal is all but dead from the effects of this acid, it is sometimes suddenly restored to life by holding its mouth over the vapour of chlorine.
During every moment of life in natural respiration a portion of the air of the atmosphere passes through the air vesicles of the lungs into the blood, while a quantity of carbonic acid gas is given off from the blood, and is transmitted through the walls of these vesicles into the atmosphere. Now that substances mixed with or suspended in atmospheric air may be conveyed with it to the lungs and immediately enter into the circulating mass, any one may satisfy himself merely by passing through a recently painted chamber. The vapour of turpentine diffused through the chamber is transmitted to the lungs with the air which is breathed, and passing into the current of the circulation through the walls of the air vesicles, exhibits its effects in some of the fluid excretions of the body, even more rapidly than if it had been taken into the stomach.
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