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Eftychia Bathrellou. Greek and Roman Slaveries
Blackwell Sourcebooks in Ancient History
Greek and Roman Slaveries
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Map
Guide
Pages
List of Figures and Maps
Note to the Reader. Editions of Greek and Latin literary texts, inscriptions, and papyri
Signs used in the book
Names of persons, places, and peoples
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
Notes
1 What Is Slavery?
PROPERTY AND DOMINATION: “CHATTEL SLAVES” AND OTHERS. 1.1 Aristotle, Politics, 1253b23–1254a17:11 Greek Philosophical Treatise (Fourth Century BCE)
1.2 Digest, 1.5.3–4: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
1.3 Pollux, Onomastikon, 3.83: Greek Thesaurus (Second Century CE)
1.4 Thucydides, 5.23: Greek Historiography (Late Fifth Century BCE)
1.5 Thucydides, 8.40.2: Greek Historiography (Late Fifth Century BCE)
1.6 Strabo, Geography, 8.5.4: Greek Geography (End of First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
1.7 Plutarch, Spartan Sayings 239d–e: Greek Collection of Sayings (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
1.8 Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus, 28: Greek Biography (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
1.9 Aristotle, Politics, 1264a17–22: Greek Philosophical Treatise (Fourth Century BCE)
1.10 Ps.-Xenophon, Constitution of the Athenians, 1.11–2:17 Greek Political Treatise (Probably Fifth Century BCE)
SOCIAL DEATH. 1.11 Social Death and Roman Law
1.12 P.Herm. 18, 1–12: Papyrus with Record of Official Proceedings in Greek, Egypt (323 ce?)
1.13 Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 28.1.49: Latin Historiography (Fourth Century CE)
1.14 Ps.-Plutarch, On the Education of Children, 8f–9a: Greek Moral Philosophy (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
1.15 IG I3 1390: Greek Inscription on Theater Seat, Athens (450–400 BCE)
1.16 SEG XL 1044: Greek Funerary Inscription, Gordos, Lydia (69–70 CE)
1.17 CIL VI, 6308 (Latin Text After Caldelli and Ricci 1999): Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Half of First Century CE)
1.18 P.Turner 41, 1–20: Papyrus with Petition in Greek, Oxyrhynchos, Egypt (Mid-Third Century CE)
SLAVERY AS AN ASYMMETRICAL NEGOTIATION. 1.19 Herodas, Mimiambs, 5:20 Greek Verse Mime (First Half of Third Century BCE)
1.20 Galen, How to Detect Malingerers (Quomodo simulantes morbus deprehendi), pp. 114,14–115,14 Deighgräber and Kudlien22 (XIX.4–5 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
1.21 Galen, The Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato (De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis), V.7.64–66, pp. 352,20–354,2 De Lacy24 (V.497–98 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
1.22 Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, 1.26.3–9: Latin Miscellany of Learned Material (Second Century CE)
1.23 Digest, 1.6.1–2: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
1.24 Libanius, Orations, 47.21: Greek Epideictic Oratory (Fourth Century CE)
1.25 Gerontius, Life of Melania, 10: Saint’s Life in Greek (Fifth Century CE)
1.26 Aristophanes, Clouds, 1–7: Greek Comedy (Late Fifth Century BCE)
MODALITIES OF SLAVERY. 1.27 Artemidorus, The Interpretation of Dreams: Greek Dream Book (Second Century CE)
1.28 Herodotus, 4.1–4.4: Greek Historiography (Fifth Century BCE)
1.29 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.3.10–11: Greek Collection of Socratic Conversations (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
1.30 Dio Chrysostom, Oration 15 (Excerpted):25 Greek Epideictic Oratory (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
Notes
2 Studying Slavery The Variety of Evidence and Its Interpretative Challenges
IDENTIFYING SLAVES IN DOCUMENTARY SOURCES
2.1 IG II2 2940: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Laureion, Attica (Fourth Century BCE)
2.2 IG XII.1 881: Greek Funerary Inscription, Rhodes, Dodecanese (Hellenistic Period)
2.3 Masters and Fathers. 2.3.a SEG XV 787: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Galatia (First–Third Century CE)
2.3.b Polemon 2 (1934–40) Supplement, 13, 18.27–34: Greek Inscription Recording Manumissions, Thaumakoi, Thessaly (First Century BCE)
2.4 SEG L 276: Greek Letter Inscribed on Lead Tablet, Athens (Fourth Century BCE)
2.5 P.Ups.Frid. 7: Papyrus with Document in Greek, Unknown Provenance, Egypt (275 CE)
2.6 IC IV 72 ii2–10: Inscribed Laws in Greek, Gortyn, Crete (Fifth Century BCE)
2.7 Aeschines, Against Timarchos, 54–64: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Mid-Fourth Century BCE)
2.8 CIL VI, 12366: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (Second Century CE)
2.9 CIL VI, 9983: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Century CE)
FINDING SLAVES AND SLAVERY IN VISUAL AND MATERIAL CULTURE
2.10 The Iconography of Funerary Monuments
2.10.a IG I3 1289: Funerary Relief with Greek Inscription, Athens (End of Fifth Century BCE) (Fig. 1)
2.10.b I.Smyrna 64: Funerary Relief with Greek Inscription, Smyrna, Ionia (Second Century BCE) (Fig. 2)
2.10.c CIL XIII, 7684: Funerary Stele with Latin Inscription, Antunnacum, Germania Superior (First Century CE) (Fig. 3)
2.11 SEG XXXVI 587: Funerary Stele with Greek Inscription, Amphipolis, Macedonia (ca. 100 CE) (Fig. 4)
2.12 The Warren Cup: Roman Silver Vessel (First Century CE) (Fig. 5)
2.13 CIL VI, 1958a: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Half of First Century BCE) (Fig. 6)
2.14 The Agora of the Italians: Delos, Cyclades (Second Century BCE) (Fig. 7)
2.15 SEG III 672: Greek Graffito on Wall, Delos, Cyclades (Late Hellenistic Period) (Fig. 8)
HEARING THE SLAVES’ VOICE?
2.16 Alciphron, Letters, 1.2:31 Greek Literary Epistolography (Second/Third Century CE)
2.17 Alciphron, Letters, 2.24–5:32 Greek Literary Epistolography (Second/Third Century CE)
2.18 Menander, The Shield, 238–45:33 Greek Comedy (End of Fourth/Early Third Century BCE)
2.19 Menander, Men at Arbitration, 538–49 and 557–66:34 Greek Comedy (End of Fourth/Early Third Century BCE)
2.20 Menander, Hero, 15–44:35 Greek Comedy (Late Fourth/Early Third Century BCE)
2.21 Plautus, Persian, 251–71:37 Latin Comedy (Second Century BCE)
2.22 I.Philippi 416: Latin Funerary Inscription, Philippi, Macedonia (First–Third Century CE)
2.23 Phaedrus, Fables, 3, Prologue, ll. 33–7: Latin Verse Fable (First Century CE)
2.24 Theodoret, Religious History, 9.9: Greek Biography of Ascetics (Fifth Century CE)
2.25 Saint Patrick, Confession, 1, 16–9: Christian Autobiographical Text in Latin (Probably Fifth Century CE)
Notes
3 Living with Slavery and Its Consequences
THE DIVERSITY OF SLAVEHOLDERS. 3.1 Gaius, Institutes, 1.42–4:38 Latin Juristic Text (Second Century CE)
3.2 Galen, Affected Places (De locis affectis), II.10.21–22, pp. 378,14–380,2 Gärtner39 (VIII.132 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
3.3 P.Lips. I, 26.1–9: Papyrus with Contract in Greek, Hermopolis, Egypt (300–325 CE)
3.4 Philostratus, Lives of the Sophists, 558: Greek Biography (First Half of Third Century CE)
3.5 Palladius, Lausiac History, 61.5–6: Greek Biography of Ascetics (Early Fifth Century CE)
3.6 I.Ephesos 18.c.13–22: Proconsular Edict in Greek, Ephesos, Ionia (First Century CE)
BEING MASTER, BEING MISTRESS. 3.7 PMG 909: Greek Song, Probably to Be Performed in a Symposion (Uncertain Date; Possibly Fifth Century BCE)
3.8 The Conversation Book of Conrad Celtes, Excerpted:41 Bilingual (Greek and Latin) Conversations for Language Learning (Roman Imperial Period)
3.9 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 29.19:42 Latin Encyclopedic Work (First Century CE)
3.10 Cicero, Against Piso, 66–67: Latin Deliberative Oratory (ca. 55 BCE)
3.11 Apuleius, Apology, 17: Latin Law-Court Speech, Sabratha, Tripolitania (158–9 CE)
3.12 Digest, 47.10.1.3: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
3.13 Peter of Alexandria, Canonical Letter: Church Regulations in Greek (306 CE)
3.14 John Chrysostom, Homilies on Paul’s First Epistle to the Corinthians, 40.5 (PG 61.353–4): Christian Sermon in Greek (Fourth Century CE)
3.15 John Chrysostom, Homilies on Paul’s Epistle to the Hebrews, 28.4 (PG 63.197–8): Christian Sermon in Greek (Fourth Century CE)
3.16 Juvenal, Satires, 5.49–75: Latin Satirical Poetry (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
THE HOUSEHOLD AND SLAVERY. 3.17 P.Tebt. II, 407: Papyrus with Copy of Letters in Greek, Tebtynis, Egypt (199 ce?)
3.18 P.Oxy. L, 3555: Papyrus with Petition in Greek, Oxyrhynchos, Egypt (First/Second Century CE)
3.19 Genesis, 30:1–13: Biblical Text in Greek – Septuagint47 (Original Hebrew Possibly Sixth Century BCE)
3.20 Plautus, Casina, 47–57: Latin Comedy (Second Century BCE)
3.21 Dio Chrysostom, Oration 10, 12–3:48 Greek Epideictic Oratory (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
3.22 Roman Houses and Villas
3.22.a Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters, 2.2.9–11, 13, 19: Latin Epistolography (Fifth Century CE)
3.22.b The Archaeology of a Roman Villa: Villamagna, Lazio (Early Second–Fifth Century CE)
THE ECONOMY AND SLAVERY. 3.23 Aristophanes, Wealth, 510–26: Greek Comedy (Early Fourth Century BCE)
3.24 Greek Anthology, 9.418 = Antipater 82 Gow−Page: Greek Epigram (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
3.25 Demosthenes, Against Stephanos I, 71–2: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Fourth Century BCE)
3.26 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 2.8: Greek Collection of Socratic Conversations (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
3.27 P.Brem. 63, 1–17: Papyrus with Letter in Greek, Possibly from Hermopolis, Egypt (116 ce?)
THINKING WITH SLAVERY. 3.28 Plato, Laws, 776b–777a: Greek Philosophical Dialogue (Fourth Century BCE)
3.29 Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters, 6.263b–d: Greek Antiquarian Treatise (End of Second Century CE)
3.30 Crates, Beasts, fr. 16 K-A: Greek Comedy (Fifth Century BCE)
3.31 Polybius, History, 2.58.8–13: Greek Historiography (Second Century BCE)
3.32 Acts of Thomas, 2: Greek Apocryphal Christian Text (Third Century CE)
3.33 John Chrysostom, Homilies on Paul’s Epistle to the Ephesians, 22.2 (PG 62.157): Christian Sermon in Greek (Fourth Century CE)
Notes
4 Slaving Strategies
4.1 Digest, 50.16.203: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
LABOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WEALTH
4.2 FD III 4.77, 6–24: Greek Inscribed Decree, Delphi, Phokis (First Century BCE)
4.3 Varro, On Agriculture, 1.17.1 and 3:62 Latin Agricultural Treatise (First Century BCE)
4.4 “Chained” Slaves
4.4.a Digest, 21.1.48.3: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
4.4.b Gaius, Institutes, 1.13:64 Latin Juristic Text (Second Century CE)
4.4.c Pliny the Younger, Letters, 3.19.5–7: Latin Epistolo- graphy (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
4.4.d Columella, On Rural Affairs, 1.9.4:65 Latin Agricultural Treatise (First Century CE)
4.5 Columella, On Rural Affairs, 1.7.6–7:66 Latin Agricultural Treatise (First Century CE)
4.6 Digest, 33.7.8; 33.7.12.3 and 5: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
4.7 Apuleius, Metamorphoses, 9.12: Latin Novel (Second Century CE)
WORK FOR HOUSEHOLD MAINTENANCE AND PERSONAL SERVICE
4.8 Seneca, Letters, 47.5–8: Latin Moral Philosophy in Epistolary Form (First Century CE)
4.9 CIL VI, 6229: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Half of First Century CE)
REVENUE
4.10 Xenophon, Ways and Means, 4.14–5: Greek Treatise on Economic Policy (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
4.11 Grauf. pp. 226–8: Ostracon with Accounts in Latin, Graufesenque, Gaul (First Century CE)
4.12 Acts of the Apostles, 16:16–9: Greek Biblical Text (First Century CE)
4.13 P.Wisc. I, 5, 1–34: Papyrus with Lease Contract in Greek, Oxyrhynchos, Egypt (185 CE)
GRATIFICATION
4.14 Horace, Satires, 1.2.116–9: Latin Satirical Poetry (First Century BCE)
4.15 Ps.-Lucian, Loves (Erôtes), 10: Greek Philosophical Dialogue (Second Century CE or Later)
4.16 Galen, Semen (De semine), I.4.29–32, p. 76,12–21 De Lacy67 (IV.525–6 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
4.17 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 7.56:68 Latin Encyclopedic Work (First Century CE)
4.18 Gladiators
4.18.a Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 4.4a: Latin Epistolography (Second Half of First Century BCE)
4.18.b Cicero, On Behalf of Sestius, 134: Latin Law-Court Speech (Second Half of First Century BCE)
4.18.c CIL IV, 2387: Latin Graffito, Pompeii, Italy (Second Half of First Century BCE)
4.18.d Symmachus, Letters, 2.46: Latin Epistolography (393 CE)
PRESTIGE CREATION. 4.19 Theophrastus, Characters, 21.4–5: Greek Collection of Character Sketches (Late Fourth/Early Third Century BCE)
4.20 Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 14.6.16–7: Latin Historiography (Fourth Century CE)
4.21 Aesop, Fables,14 Hausrath – Hunger (39 Chambry): Greek Fable Attributed to Aesop
EXPERTISE
4.22 Seneca, Letters, 90.24–5: Latin Moral Philosophy in Epistolary Form (First Century CE)
4.23 Cornelius Nepos, Atticus, 13.3–4: Latin Biography (First Century BCE)
4.24 CIL XIII, 8355, 9–22: Latin Funerary Verse Inscription, Cologne, Germania Inferior (Fourth Century CE)
MANAGEMENT AND AGENCY
4.25 Inscr. It. X1, 592a–b: Latin Curse Tablet, Pola, Histria (Early Second Century CE)
4.26 Life of Aesop, Vita G, 9–11:75 Greek Fictional Biography (First or Second Century CE)
4.27 TPSulp. 45, External Side: Tablet with Contract in Latin, Pompeii, Italy (37 CE)
4.28 TPSulp. 46, External Side: Tablet with Contract in Latin, Pompeii, Italy (40 CE)
MANAGING A SLAVE PORTFOLIO. 4.29 Plutarch, Life of Crassus, 2.4–8: Greek Biography (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
4.30 Tertullian, To the Pagans (Ad nationes), 1.16.13–19: Christian Apologetic Text in Latin (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
4.31 Petronius, Satyrica, 53: Latin Novel (First Century CE)
4.32 Demosthenes, Against Aphobos 1, 9–11: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Mid-Fourth Century BCE)
4.33 Aeschines, Against Timarchos, 97: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Mid-Fourth Century BCE)
4.34 Diocletian’s Price Edict, 3176 (301 CE)
THE SLAVES’ ECONOMY. 4.35 Hyperides, Against Athenogenes, 6–9:77 Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Second Half of Fourth Century BCE)
4.36 P.Oxy. L, 3597, 1–37: Papyrus with Contract in Greek, Oxyrhynchos, Egypt (ca. 250 CE)
4.37 Digest, 15.1.39: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
4.38 EAM 22: Dedicatory Relief with Greek Inscription, Kozani, Macedonia (Second/Third Century CE)
Notes
5 Masters and Slaves
HIERARCHY AND DOMINATION. 5.1 Cassius Dio, Roman History, 54.23: Greek Historiography (Third Century CE)
5.2 Choricius, Declamations, 5.60 (= op. 20.2.60 Foerster–Richtsteig): Greek Epideictic Oratory (Early Sixth Century CE)
5.3 Galen, The Diagnosis and Treatment of the Affections Peculiar to Each Person’s Soul (De propriorum animi cuiuslibet affectuum dignotione et curatione), 4.7–8, p. 13, 9–18 De Boer79 (V.17–18 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
5.4 An.Ep. (1971), No. 88, Col. II, 8–10: Inscribed Regulations in Latin, Puteoli, Italy (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
5.5 Philogelos, 47:80 Greek Collection of Jokes (Late Antiquity)
RULING SLAVES: THE PROBLEM, THE CARROT, AND THE STICK. 5.6 Plato, Laws, 777b–778a: Greek Philosophical Dialogue (Fourth Century BCE)
5.7 Plutarch, Life of Marcus Cato, 21.1–4: Greek Biography (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
5.8 Galen, The Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato (De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis), VI.8.82, pp. 424,33–426,3 De Lacy82 (V.584 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
5.9 Life of Aesop, Vita G, 38:83 Greek Fictional Biography (First or Second Century CE)
5.10 Ps.-Lucian, The Ass, 42: Greek Novel (Second Century ce?)
5.11 Libanius, Orations, 25.66–7: Greek Epideictic Oratory (Fourth Century CE)
5.12 Seneca, Letters, 47.2–4: Latin Moral Philosophy in Epistolary Form (First Century CE)
5.13 Pliny the Younger, Letters, 8.16: Latin Epistolography (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
5.14 Varro, On Agriculture, 1.17.5–7:85 Latin Agricultural Treatise (First Century BCE)
RECIPROCITY: LOYALTY, REWARDS, AND OBLIGATIONS. 5.15 Gospel of Luke, 17.7–10: Greek Biblical Text (First Century CE)
5.16 Plautus, Little Carthaginian, 129–34, 139–40: Latin Comedy (Second Century BCE)
5.17 I.Sultan Dag˘i 11: Greek Funerary Inscription, Sultan Dag˘i, Phrygia (Third Century CE)
5.18 Aesop, Fables, 209 Hausrath – Hunger (282 Chambry): Greek Fable Attributed to Aesop
5.19 Plutarch, Life of Aratos, 5.3–6.2: Greek Biography (Late First/Second Century CE)
5.20 PSI VI, 667: Papyrus with Letter in Greek, Philadelphia, Egypt (Third Century BCE)
CONTRADICTORY RELATIONSHIPS: SLAVERY AND HUMAN INTERACTIONS. 5.21 I.Amyzon 65: Greek Funerary Verse Inscription, Amyzon, Karia (Second Century BCE)
5.22 Pliny the Younger, Letters, 3.14: Latin Epistolography (First Century CE)
5.23 SEG L 1065: Curse Tablet in Greek, Rome (First–Third Century CE)
5.24 Antiphon, Against the Stepmother, 14–20:87 Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Late Fifth Century BCE)
5.25 Appian, Civil Wars, 4.4.24: Greek Historiography (Second Century CE)
5.26 Hyperides, Against Athenogenes, 24 and 4–6:88 Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Second Half of Fourth Century BCE)
5.27 FD III 6.39–40: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (First Century CE)
THE PREPONDERANCE OF THE MASTER–SLAVE RELATIONSHIP OVER OTHER DISTINCTIONS. 5.28 Plutarch, Life of Cato the Younger, 13: Greek Biography (Late First/Second Century CE)
5.29 Acts of Peter, 14:90 Christian Apocryphal Text in Latin (Late Fourth Century ce?)
5.30 I.Iznik 1201: Greek Honorific Inscription, Nikaia, Bithynia (First–Third Century CE)
5.31 Diodorus, Library, Book 34, Testimonium 1 Goukowsky (=34/35.2.1–3 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
Notes
6 Free and Slave
6.1 An.Ep. (1979), No. 384: Latin Curse Tablet, Uley, Britannia (Second–Fourth Century CE)
6.2 Plato, Republic, 578d–579b: Greek Philosophical Dialogue (Fourth Century BCE)
6.3 ILS 9455: Lead Collar with Latin Inscription, Bulla Regia, Africa Proconsularis (Fourth or Fifth Century CE)
6.4 P.Brux. I, 19, 4–26: Papyrus with Census Declaration in Greek, Arsinoite Nome, Egypt (First Half of Second Century CE)
6.5 Philemon, Brothers, Fragment 3 K-A: Greek Comedy (Second Half of Fourth/First Half of Third Century BCE)
6.6 Tacitus, Annals, 14.42–5:92 Latin Historiography (Early Second Century CE)
MAINTAINING THE FREE–SLAVE DISTINCTION. 6.7 IG II2 1362: Inscribed Priestly Edict in Greek, Athens (Fourth Century BCE)
6.8 Galen, The Therapeutic Method (Demethodo medendi),IX.4 Johnston and Horsley94 (X.608 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
6.9 EKM 1, Beroia 1, Back Side ll. 21–23 and 26–32: Inscribed Law in Greek, Beroia, Macedonia (200–166 BCE)
6.10 IG V.1 1390: Inscribed Religious Regulations in Greek, Andania, Messenia (First Century CE)
6.11 Seneca, On Mercy, 1.24: Latin Moral Philosophy (First Century CE)
6.12 UPZ I, 121: Papyrus with Announcement in Greek, Memphis, Egypt (First Half of Second Century BCE)
6.13 Strabo, Geography, 12.3.40: Greek Geography (First Century BCE/First Century CE)
INTERVENING IN THE MASTER–SLAVE RELATIONSHIP. 6.14 Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Hadrian, 18.7–11: Latin Biography (Possibly Fourth Century CE)
6.15 Digest, 1.12.1.8: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
6.16 Cicero, Against Verres II, 5.7: Latin Law-Court Speech (First Century BCE)
6.17 Diodorus, Library, 11.89.6–8: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
UNDERMINING THE FREE–SLAVE DISTINCTION. 6.18 Ps.-Xenophon, Constitution of the Athenians, 1.10:99 Greek Political Treatise (Probably Fifth Century BCE)
6.19 Demosthenes, Against Meidias, 45–48: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Mid-Fourth Century BCE)
6.20 Aristophanes, Frogs, 948–52: Greek Comedy (405 BCE)
6.21 Polybius, History, 38.15.1–6: Greek Historiography (Second Century BCE)
6.22 Benefactions
6.22.a I.Priene 64.253–9: Greek Honorific Inscription, Priene, Ionia (Second Century BCE)
6.22.b IG IV 597: Greek Honorific Inscription, Argos, Peloponnese (First–Third Century CE)
6.23 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 4.22.3–23.7: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
6.24 Appian, Civil Wars, 1.11.100: Greek Historiography (Second Century CE)
6.25 Appian, Civil Wars, 4.10.81: Greek Historiography (Second Century CE)
SLAVES AND FREEDPERSONS OF RULERS
6.26 Herodotus, 8.104–6: Greek Historiography (Fifth Century BCE)
6.27 Roman Imperial Slaves and Freedmen
6.27.a CIL VI, 9089: Statue Base with Latin Inscription, Rome (Second Century CE)
6.27.b FD III 4.445: Greek Honorific Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (Second Century CE)
6.27.c I.Magnesia 113, 7–24: Greek Honorific Decree, Magnesia on the Maeander, Karia (ca. 100 CE)
Notes
7 Enslaved Persons and Their Communities
ENSLAVED PERSONS AND THEIR MULTIPLE IDENTITIES. 7.1 Theodoret, Letters, 70: Greek Epistolography (Mid-Fifth Century CE)
7.2 IG II2 10051: Greek Funerary Verse Inscription, Laureion, Attica (Fourth Century BCE)
7.3 Plato, Meno, 82a–b: Greek Philosophical Dialogue (Fourth Century BCE)
7.4 Cicero, In Support of Cluentius, 21: Latin Law-Court Speech (69 BCE)
7.5 Livy, History, 32.26.4–18: Latin Historiography (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
7.6 Achilles Tatius, Leukippe and Kleitophon, 6.20–2: Greek Novel (Second Century CE)
7.7 Jerome, Life of Malchus, 6:108 Latin Biographical Narrative (Fourth Century CE)
THE SLAVE FAMILY AND THE MASTER’S HOUSEHOLD. 7.8 Aesop, Fables, 218 Hausrath – Hunger (302 Chambry): Greek Fable Attributed to Aesop
7.9 TAM V.1 442: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Kollyda, Lydia (First–Third Century CE)
7.10 John Chrysostom, Homilies on Paul’s Epistle to the Ephesians, 22.2 (PG 62.158): Christian Sermon in Greek (Fourth Century CE)
7.11 TAM II 466: Greek Funerary Inscription, Patara, Lykia (Date Unknown)
7.12 TAM III 769: Sarcophagus with Greek Inscription, Termessos, Pisidia (after 250 CE)
7.13 RIB 445: Altar with Latin Inscription, Chester, Britannia (Second Century CE)
7.14 IC IV 72 iii.52–iv.23: Inscribed Laws in Greek, Gortyn, Crete (Fifth Century BCE)
7.15 Life of Aesop, Vita G, 29–30:114 Greek Fictional Biography (First or Second Century CE)
7.16 SGDI 2183, 3–8: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (Second Century BCE)
7.17 Columbaria
7.17.a An. Ep. (1996), No. 253: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (Augustan Period)
7.17.b CIL VI, 4012–13a: Latin Funerary Inscriptions, Rome (First Century CE)
COMMUNITIES OF WORK, CULT, AND ETHNICITY. 7.18 Thucydides, 3.73: Greek Historiography (End of Fifth Century BCE)
7.19 IG II2 2934: Greek Inscribed Dedicatory Relief, Athens (Fourth Century BCE)
7.20 IG I3, 476.242–48: Inscribed Records in Greek, Athens(Fifth Century BCE)
7.21 ID 2531: Greek Curse Inscription, Delos, Cyclades(Second/First Century BCE)
7.22 I.Lindos 630: Greek Honorific Inscription, Lindos, Rhodes, Dodecanese (ca. 50 BCE)
7.23 IG XII.1 31: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Rhodes, Dodecanese (First Century CE)
7.24 SEG XXXVIII 546: Greek Funerary Inscription, Byllis, Illyria (Third Century CE)
7.25 I.Ephesos 2200A: Latin Funerary Inscription, Ephesos, Ionia (Second/Third Century CE)
7.26 CIL I2, 2685: Latin Dedicatory Inscription, Minturnae, Italy (First Half of First Century BCE)
7.27 CIL VI, 30982: Altar with Latin Inscription, Rome (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
7.28 CIL XIII, 507: Latin Dedicatory Inscription, Lactora, Gaul (176 CE)
7.29 I.Oropos 329: Greek Inscription Recording Manumission, Oropos, Boiotia (Third Century BCE)
7.30 SGDI 1722, 1–4: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (Second Century BCE)
7.31 Philo, Embassy to Gaius, 155–7: Greek Treatise(First Century CE)
7.32 [Paul], First Letter to Timothy, 6:1–2: Greek Biblical Text (First Century CE)
7.33 Synesius, On Kingship, 20: Greek Deliberative Oratory (Around 400 CE)
SOLIDARITIES AND CONFLICTS. 7.34 Aesop, Fables, 261 Hausrath – Hunger (355 Chambry): Greek Fable Attributed to Aesop
7.35 Alciphron, Letters, 2.23:118 Greek Literary Epistolography (Second/Third Century CE)
7.36 An.Ep. (2010), 108: Latin Curse Tablet, Saguntum, Spain (Middle of First to Middle of Second Century CE)
7.37 An.Ep. (2008), 792: Latin Curse Tablet, Leicester, Britannia (Middle of Second–Middle of Third Century CE)
7.38 Acts of Andrew, 17–8, 20–22:121 Apocryphal Christian Text in Greek (Probably Second/Third Century CE)
7.39 CEL I, 3: Latin Letter on Papyrus, Busiris, Egypt (Second Half of First Century BCE)
7.40 Tab.Vind. 301: Diptych Writing Tablet Inscribed in Latin, Vindolanda, Britannia (First/Second Century CE)
7.41 I.Rhegion 58: Terracotta Tile with Graffiti in Greek, Rhegium, Italy (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
7.42 Digest, 1.18.21: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
7.43 CIL IX, 3028: Latin Funerary Inscription, Teate Marrucinorum, Italy (Second Century CE)
7.44 CIL VI, 22355A: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Century CE)
Notes
8 Slavery and the Wider World
SLAVING ZONES. 8.1 EAD XXX 418: Greek Funerary Inscription, Delos, Cyclades (Second Century BCE)
8.2 Herodotus, 4.183: Greek Historiography (Fifth Century BCE)
8.3 Xenophon, Anabasis, 7.3–4: Greek Historical Narrative (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
8.4 Jerome, Life of Malchus, 4.1–5.3:127 Latin Biographical Narrative (Fourth Century CE)
8.5 Diodorus, Library, 5.26.3: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
8.6 Polybius, History, 30.15: Greek Historiography (Second Century BCE)
8.7 The Reliefs of Trajan’s Column: Rome (Early Second Century CE)
8.8 Symmachus, Letters, 2.78: Latin Epistolography (393–4 CE)
8.9 Josephus, The Jewish War, 6.414–20: Greek Historiography (First Century CE)
NO-SLAVING ZONES. 8.10 Leviticus, 25:39–46: Biblical Text in Greek – Septuagint129 (Original Hebrew Probably Between 538–332 BCE)
8.11 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 4.2.13–5: Greek Collection of Socratic Conversations (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
8.12 Plato, Republic, 5.469b–c: Greek Philosophical Dialogue (Fourth Century BCE)
8.13 I.Miletos I3, 140A: Greek Treaty Inscription, Miletos, Ionia (After 260 BCE)
8.14 SB V, 8008, 33–61: Papyrus with Royal Ordinance in Greek, Egypt (Third Century BCE)
8.15 Dio Chrysostom, Oration 15, 13–17:133 Greek Epideictic Oratory (First/Second Century CE)
8.16 Augustine, New Letters, 10.2–8: Latin Epistolography (Early Fifth Century CE)
8.17 Procopius, On Wars, 8.3.12–21: Greek Historiography (Sixth Century CE)
GEOPOLITICS AND SLAVERY. 8.18 Aristotle, Politics, 1269a34–b12: Greek Philosophical Treatise (Fourth Century BCE)
8.19 Strabo, Geography, 14.5.2: Greek Geography (End of First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
8.20 Diodorus, Library, Book 36, Testimonium, Part II, 1.1–3 Goukowsky (= 36.3.1–3 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
DELIMITING SLAVE ALTERITY. 8.21 Strabo, Geography, 7.3.12: Greek Geography (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
8.22 Digest, 21.1.31.21: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
8.23 Menander, The Shield, 185–211:139 Greek Comedy (Late Fourth/Early Third Century BCE)
8.24 Pausanias, Periegesis, 7.5.6–8:140 Greek Travel Writing (Second Century CE)
THE CONSEQUENCES OF CAPTIVITY. 8.25 Xenophon, Anabasis, 4.8.4–7: Greek Historical Narrative (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
8.26 Charon of Lampsakos, BNJ 262 F 1: Greek Historiography (Fifth Century BCE)
8.27 IG II2 1366: Inscribed Cult Regulations in Greek, Laureion, Attica (First Century CE)
8.28 Slaves, Freedmen, and Intercultural Transmission
8.28.a Jerome, Chronicle, on 188 BCE: Latin Chronicle (Fourth Century CE)
8.28.b Suetonius, Life of Terence, 1: Latin Biography (Early Second Century CE)
8.28.c Suda, τ 588: Greek Encyclopedia (Tenth Century CE)
8.28.d Suda, α 1129: Greek Encyclopedia (Tenth Century CE)
8.28.e Suda, τ 1185: Greek Encyclopedia (Tenth Century CE)
8.29 Paulinus of Pella, Thanksgiving (Eucharisticon), 73–80: Latin Autobiographical Poetry (Fifth Century CE)
8.30 Philostorgius, Church History, 2.5 (as Epitomized by the Patriarch Photios): Greek Ecclesiastical History (Fifth Century CE)
Notes
9 Experiencing and Resisting Enslavement
ENSLAVEMENT BY FORCE. 9.1 IGDO 23: Letter on Lead Lamella in Greek, Olbia, Black Sea (ca. 500 BCE)
9.2 Ps.-Demosthenes, Against Nikostratos, 6–8, 10–11: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Mid-Fourth Century BCE)
9.3 Dodone 123: Lead Tablet with Oracular Question in Greek, Dodona, Epeiros (Fourth Century BCE)
9.4 SEG XXXIX 1711: Greek Funerary Inscription, Egypt (First Century CE?)
SELF-SALE
9.5 Diodorus, Library, 26.20: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
9.6 Basil of Caesarea, SermonOn “I Will Destroy My Storehouses” (Luke 12:18), 4: Christian Sermon in Greek (Fourth Century CE)
9.7 Selling Children in Various Ancient Societies
9.7.a Herodotus, 5.6: Greek Historiography (Fifth Century BCE)
9.7.b Suda, α 1384: Greek Encyclopedia (Tenth Century CE)
9.7.c Philostratus, Life of Apollonius, 8.7.554–75: Greek Biography (First Half of Third Century CE)
9.8 P.Oxy. XLVI, 3312: Papyrus with Private Letter in Greek, Oxyrhynchos, Egypt (Second Century CE)
EXPOSURE
9.9 Aelian, Various History, 2.7:151 Miscellaneous Collection of Anecdotes and Historical Facts in Greek (Second/Third Century CE)
9.10 C.Pap.Gr. 1.14,1–30 (= P.Rein. 2.103): Papyrus with Wet-Nurse Contract in Greek, Oxyrhynchos, Egypt (First Century CE)
DEBT BONDAGE AND ENSLAVEMENT FOR DEBT
9.11 Quintilian, Minor Declamations, 311: Latin Fictitious Law-Court Speech to Be Used as Rhetorical Model (Probably First Century CE)
TRADE
9.12 An.Ep. (2003), No. 1016 (Latin Text after Camodeca 2006): Deed of Slave Sale, London, Britannia (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
9.13 P.Cair.Zen. 1.59076 (Excerpted): Papyrus with Letter in Greek, Egypt (257 BCE)
PASSING. 9.14 Lysias, Against Pankleon, 1–15 (Selections): Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Late Fifth/Early Fourth Century BCE)
9.15 IG XII.5 1004.1–9: Greek Honorific Inscription, Ios, Southern-Central Aegean (Fourth Century BCE)
9.16 Pliny the Younger, Letters, 10.74: Latin Epistolography (Early Second Century CE)
9.17 Code of Justinian, 10.33.2: Collection of Imperial Laws and Rescripts in Latin (Sixth Century CE)
FLIGHT
9.18 Digest, 21.1.17, Prologue–12: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
9.19 Phaedrus, Fables, Perroti’s Appendix 20:161 Latin Verse Fable (First Century CE)
9.20 Philogelos, 122:162 Greek Collection of Jokes (Late Antiquity)
9.21 CIL XV, 7193: Tag for Collar with Latin Inscription, Rome (Second Half of Fourth Century CE) (Fig. 14)
9.22 Jerome, Life of Malchus, 7.3–9.3:164 Latin Biographical Narrative (Fourth Century CE)
9.23 Ps.-Lucian, The Ass, 34–5: Greek Novel (Second Century ce?)
9.24 Nymphodorus of Syracuse, Circumnavigation of Asia, BNJ 572 F 4: Greek Ethnography (End of Third Century BCE)
REVOLT
9.25 The First Slave Revolt in Sicily (135–2 BCE)
9.25.a Diodorus, Library, Book 34, fr. 2 Goukowsky (= 34/35.2.27–31 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
9.25.b Diodorus, Library, Book 34, Testimonium, 2 Goukowsky (= 34/35.2.4 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
9.25.c Diodorus, Library, Book 34, fr. 8 Goukowsky (=34/35.2.24b Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
9.25.d Diodorus, Library, Book 34, Testimonium, 5 Goukowsky (=34/35.2.15–6 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
9.25.e Diodorus, Library, Book 34, fr. 13 Goukowsky (=34/35.2.24 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
9.25.f Bronze Coin of King Antiochos (135–2 BCE)
9.25.g Diodorus, Library, Book 34, fr. 20 Goukowsky (=34/35.2.48 Walton): Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
Notes
10 After Slavery Manumission, Freedmen, and Freedwomen
AVENUES TO FREEDOM. 10.1 FD III 6.38, 3–13: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (First Century CE)
10.2 SGDI 1708, 3–28: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (Second Century BCE)
10.3 SEG XXVI 691, 7–13: Inscribed List Recording Manumissions in Greek, Phthiotic Thebes, Thessaly (First–Third Century CE)
10.4 FD III 3.333, 1–6: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (First Century BCE)
10.5 SEG XXVI 644: Inscribed List in Greek, Azoros, Thessaly (Late First Century BCE)
10.6 Arch.Eph. (1917), 10, No. 305.1–22 (p. 12): Inscribed List in Greek, Chyretiai, Thessaly (First Century CE)
10.7 SGDI 1791, 1–4 and 8–11: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (Second Century BCE)
10.8 Ignatius, Letters, 7.4: Greek Epistolography (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
10.9 CIL II2/7, 432: Latin Funerary Inscription, Cordoba, Spain (Early First Century CE)
10.10 Gaius, Institutes, 1.18–9:170 Latin Juristic Treatise (Second Century CE)
10.11 CIL III, 1854: Latin Funerary Verse Inscription, Narona, Dalmatia (First Half of First Century CE)
MANUMISSION: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES. 10.12 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 4.24: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
10.13 Tacitus, Annals, 13.26–7:175 Latin Historiography (Early Second Century CE)
CONDITIONAL FREEDOM. 10.14 The Paramonê
10.14.a IG IX.1 194, 6–23: Greek Manumission Inscription, Tithorea, Phokis (Second Century CE)
10.14.b SGDI 2156, 2–5 and 12–19: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (First Century CE)
10.14.c. SGDI 1696, 1–5 and 8–13: Greek Manumission Inscription, Delphi, Phokis (Second Century BCE)
10.15 Digest, 47.10.7.2: Collection of Latin Juristic Texts (Sixth Century CE)
10.16 CIL VI, 6301: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Half of First Century CE)
10.17 I.Leukopetra 52, 1–18: Greek Consecration Inscription, Leukopetra, Macedonia (Third Century CE)
10.18 Epictetus, Discourses, 4.1 (On Freedom), Chapters 33–7: Philosophical Lectures in Greek (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
OPPORTUNITIES
10.19 Cicero, Against Verres II, 1.123–4: Latin Law-Court Speech (First Century BCE)
10.20 CIL XI, 5400: Latin Inscription, Assisi, Italy (First–Third Century CE)
10.21 Pliny the Younger, Panegyric of Trajan, 88.1–3: Latin Panegyric (100 CE)
10.22 Seneca, Letters, 47.9: Latin Moral Philosophy in Epistolary Form (First Century CE)
DEFINING A NEW STATUS? 10.23 Rhetorical Expressions (Λε'ξεις ρ‛ητορικαιί ), Lexica Bekkeriana V, p. 242, 3–6: Greek Lexicon (Tenth Century CE)
10.24 An.Ep. (1980) No. 503: Latin Funerary Inscription, Brescia, Italy (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
10.25 Petronius, Satyrica, 57: Latin Novel (First Century CE)
10.26 Freedpersons and Their Homelands
10.26.a I.Aph. 1.2: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Aphrodisias, Karia (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
10.26.b I.Aph. 8.1.i: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Aphrodisias, Karia (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
10.26.c Reliefs from Zoilos’ Funerary Monument, Aphrodisias, Karia (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
10.27 CIL VI, 11595: Funerary Relief with Latin Inscription, Rome (30 BCE–30 CE)
10.28 CIL XIV, 2721–2: Funerary Relief with Latin Inscription, Tusculum, Lazio (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE) (Fig. 18)
10.29 CIL V, 723: Latin Funerary Inscription, Turin, Italy (31–70 CE)
10.30 Families and Freedpeople
10.30a CIL VI, 2170: Funerary Relief with Latin Inscription, Rome (50 BCE–30 CE) (Fig. 19)
10.30.b CIL VI, 2171: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (Second Half of First Century BCE)
10.31 CIL VI, 9499: Funerary Relief with Latin Metrical Inscription, Rome (75–50 BCE)
10.32 CIL VI, 18524: Funerary Relief with Latin Inscription, Rome (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
Notes
11 Slavery and Historical Change
EARLY SLAVERY?
11.1 Homer, Odyssey, 14.199–213: Greek Epic Poetry (Probably Eighth Century BCE)
11.2 Homer, Odyssey, 14.449–52: Greek Epic Poetry (Probably Eighth Century BCE)
11.3 Homer, Odyssey, 11.488–91: Greek Epic Poetry (Probably Eighth Century BCE)
11.4 Slavery, Freedom, and Manumission. 11.4.a Homer, Odyssey, 21.209–16: Greek Epic Poetry (Probably Eighth Century BCE)
11.4.b Plutarch, Greek Questions, 294c–d: Greek Antiquarian Treatise (Late First/Second Century CE)
11.5 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Archaeology, 2.27: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
FROM SOCIETIES WITH SLAVES TO SLAVE SOCIETIES? 11.6 Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters, 6.265b–c: Greek Antiquarian Treatise (End of Second Century CE)
11.7 Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters, 6.264c–d (= BNJ 566 F 11a): Greek Antiquarian Treatise (End of Second Century CE)
11.8 Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians, 2, 4–6: Greek Philosophical Treatise (Fourth Century BCE)
11.9 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 33.26–7:200 Latin Encyclopedic Work (First Century CE)
11.10 Appian, Civil Wars, 1.1.7: Greek Historiography (Second Century CE)
SLAVE AGENCY, EVENTS, AND CHANGE. 11.11 Slave Agency and the Peloponnesian War
11.11.a Thucydides, 5.14.3: Greek Historiography (Late Fifth Century BCE)
11.11.b Thucydides, 4.80.2–5: Greek Historiography (Late Fifth Century BCE)
11.11.c Thucydides, 7.27.3–5: Greek Historiography (Late Fifth Century BCE)
11.11.d Aristophanes, Frogs, 31–4: Greek Comedy (Late Fifth Century BCE)
11.11.e Scholia to Aristophanes’ Frogs, 33: Greek Exegetical Commentary
11.12 The Ethnogenesis of the Brettians
11.12.a Diodorus, Library, 16.15: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
11.12.b Strabo, Geography, 6.1.4: Greek Geography (End of First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
11.13 Slave Rebellion and the Ethnogenesis of the Limigantes
11.13.a Eusebius, Life of Constantine, 4.6.1–2: Greek Biography (Fourth Century CE)
11.13.b Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 19.11.1: Latin Historiography (Fourth Century CE)
11.14 The Goths and the Fall of Rome
11.14.a Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 31.4.9–11: Latin Historiography (Fourth Century CE)
11.14.b Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 31.6.5: Latin Historiography (Fourth Century CE)
11.14.c Zosimus, New History, 5.42.3: Greek Historiography (Fifth Century CE)
11.15 Procopius, On Wars, 1.20.1–8: Greek Historiography (Sixth Century CE)
IDEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL CHANGE. 11.16 Seneca, Letters, 47.1, 10–12, 17–19: Latin Moral Philosophy in Epistolary Form (First Century CE)
11.17 Philo, Every Good Man Is Free, 75–9: Greek Philosophical Treatise (First Century CE)
11.18 1 Peter, 2:18–23: Greek Biblical Text (First Century CE)
11.19 Synodal Letter of the Council of Gangra, Canon 3: Church Regulations in Greek (ca. 340 CE)
11.20 Chrysippus of Jerusalem, Enkomion of St. Theodore, pp. 73–4 Sigalas (BHG 1765c): Saint’s Life in Greek (Fifth Century CE)
11.21 Basil of Caesarea, Homilies on Fasting, 1.7 (PG 31.176): Christian Sermon in Greek (Fourth Century CE)
THE STATE AND HISTORICAL CHANGE. 11.22 The Roman State and Mixed Marriages
11.22.a Gaius, Institutes, 1.82–4 and 160:209 Latin Juristic Text (Second Century CE)
11.22.b Theodosian Code, 4.12.3: Law of Emperor Constantine in Latin (320 CE)
11.22.c Code of Justinian, 7.24.1: Law of Emperor Justinian in Latin (533 CE)
ANCIENT TO MEDIEVAL: FROM SLAVE SOCIETIES BACK TO SOCIETIES WITH SLAVES? 11.23 Agathias, Histories, 2.7.1–5: Greek Historiography (Sixth Century CE)
11.24 The Donation and Will of Vincent of Huesca, Spain, Written in Latin (Second Half of Sixth Century CE)213
11.25 Eustathius, Practice (Peira), 30.75: Greek Legal Textbook (ca. 1000 CE)
11.26 Laws of Liutprand, 140: Lombard Legal Code in Latin (734 CE)
Notes
12 Comparing Ancient Slaveries
12.1 Ima.Ita, Terventum 25: Inscribed Roof Tile, Pietrabbondante, Samnium (ca. 100 BCE)
12.2 SEG XXIII 514: Bilingual Dedicatory Inscription, Delos, Cyclades (Second Century BCE)
12.3 SEG L 1030: Trilingual Dedicatory Inscription on a Bronze Column Base, Sardinia (First Century BCE)
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SLAVERY IN VARIOUS ANCIENT SLAVE SYSTEMS. 12.4 Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters, 6.272a–d: Greek Antiquarian Treatise (End of Second Century CE)
12.5 Hyperides, Fragment 29 Marzi:222 Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (330s BCE)
12.6 Xenophon, Anabasis, 7.8.8–22: Greek Historical Narrative (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
12.7 Esdras B 2:64–67 (= Ezra 2:64–67): Biblical Text in Greek – Septuagint223 (Original Hebrew Probably Between 538 and 332 BCE)
12.8 Galen, The Diagnosis and Treatment of the Affections Peculiar to Each Person’s Soul (De propriorum animi cuiuslibet affectuum dignotione et curatione), 9.12–13, p. 33,12–25 De Boer224 (V.49–50 Kühn): Greek Medical Treatise (Late Second/Early Third Century CE)
12.9 SEG LV 915: Greek Cadastral Inscription, Thera, Aegean (Fourth Century ce)
12.10 Strabo, Geography, 12.2.3: Greek Geography (End of First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
THE SCALE OF SLAVEHOLDINGS. 12.11 Demosthenes, Against Meidias, 157–8: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (Mid-Fourth Century BCE)
12.12 Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters, 6.272d–e: Greek Antiquarian Treatise (End of Second Century CE)
12.13 Libanius, Orations, 31.11: Greek Deliberative Oratory (Fourth Century CE)
12.14 CIL VI, 5197: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Century CE)
12.15 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 33.134–5:227 Latin Encyclopedic Work (First Century CE)
SLAVING STRATEGIES. 12.16 Suetonius, On Grammarians, 21: Latin Biography (Early Second Century CE)
12.17 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 35.20, 77:232 Latin Encyclopedic Work (First Century CE)
12.18 Tacitus, Germania, 24–5: Latin Ethnography (Early Second Century ce)
12.19 Longus, Daphnis and Chloe, 3.30–31, 4.1, 4.5–9:235 Greek Novel (Second/Third Century CE)
12.20 Ps.Aristotle, On Marvellous Things Heard, 837a–b: Greek Paradoxographical Collection (Hellenistic or Roman Imperial Period)
12.21 Attitudes to Slave Reproduction
12.21.a Xenophon, Oeconomicus, 9.5: Greek Treatise on Household Management (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
12.21.b Columella, On Rural Affairs, 1.8.19:237 Latin Agricultural Treatise (First Century ce)
MASTERS AND SLAVES. 12.22 Isaeus, On the Estate of Philoktemon, 19–23: Greek Law-Court Speech, Athens (First Half of Fourth Century BCE)
12.23 Philostratus, Lives of the Sophists, 516–8: Greek Biography (First Half of Third Century CE)
12.24 CIL XIV, 2298: Latin Funerary Verse Inscription, Ariccia, Italy (First Century ce)
12.25 CIL VI, 23770a: Latin Funerary Inscription, Rome (First Century BCE)
FREE AND SLAVE. 12.26 IC IV 72 vi.56–vii.10: Inscribed Laws in Greek, Gortyn, Crete (Fifth Century BCE)
12.27 I.Bouthrôtos: Greek Inscriptions Recording Manumissions, Bouthrotos, Epeiros (After 163 BCE)
12.28 Plutarch, Roman Questions, 287f–288a (= Question 101): Greek Antiquarian Work (Late First/Early Second Century CE)
MANUMISSION AND FREEDPERSONS. 12.29 Artemidorus, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1.45.22–25: Greek Dream Book (Second Century CE)
12.30 CIL XI, 137: Marble Sarcophagus with Latin Funerary Inscription, Ravenna, Italy (Late First Century BCE/Early First Century CE)
12.31 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 35.199–201:242 Latin Encyclopedic Work (First Century CE)
THE FORMATION OF SLAVE COMMUNITIES. 12.32 The Compitalia
12.32.a Athenaeus, The Learned Banqueters, 14.639b–d: Greek Antiquarian Treatise (End of Second Century CE)
12.32.b Festus, On the Meaning of Words, 273.7: Latin Lexicographical Work (Second Century CE)
12.32.c Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Archaeology, 4.14.3–4: Greek Historiography (First Century BCE)
12.32.d ID 1760: Greek Dedicatory Inscription, Delos, Cyclades (100–98 BCE)
12.32.e Fresco from the House of Sutoria Primigenia, Pompeii, Italy (First Century ce)
12.33 TAM V.1 71: Greek Funerary Inscription, Silandos, Lydia (Second Century CE)
12.34 SEG XLVI 1475: Greek Honorific Inscription, Miletos, Ionia (First–Third Century CE)
Notes
Bibliography
Index of Passages Cited
Index of Places and Peoples
Index of Names1
Thematic Index
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