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Elizabeth May. Climate Change For Dummies
Climate Change For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Climate Change For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond This Book
Where to Go from Here
Understanding Climate Change
Covering the Basics of Climate Change
Getting a Basic Overview — Global Warming 101
Heating things up with GHGs
Investigating other causes of global warming
CLIMATE CHANGE — THE STORY IN A NUTSHELL
Tapping into The Roots of Global Warming
Fueling global warming
Heating up over deforestation
Examining the Effects of Global Warming around the World
The United States and Canada
Latin America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia and New Zealand
Small islands
Polar regions
Positive Politics: Governments and Global Warming
Making a difference from city hall to the nation’s capital
Working with a global government
Helping developing countries
Solving the Problem
Changing to alternative energies
Getting down to business
Industrial-strength solutions
Green fixes for forestry and farming
Making it personal
Looking Closely at Greenhouse Earth
Examining Greenhouse Effect 101
Focusing On Carbon Dioxide: Leader of the Pack
Looking at the carbon cycle
A RECIPE THAT GIVES YOU GAS
Under the deep blue sea
Why people couldn’t survive without plants
Grasslands also play an important role
Down to earth
Investigating humanity’s impact on the carbon cycle
Producing industrial amounts of carbon dioxide
Plugging up the carbon sinks
Checking Out the Other GHGs
SVANTE ARRHENIUS: EARLY CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENTIST
Methane (CH4)
How methane gets into the atmosphere
Methane stabilized for a while — still it didn’t
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Hexafluoro-what?
HOW GOOD INTENTIONS INCREASED NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS
Other players on the GHG bench
Water vapor
Ozone depleters
RUNNING UP EMISSIONS WITH YOUR SNEAKERS
Recognizing the Big Deal about Carbon
Considering Other Causes of Global Warming
Solar cycles — Irradiance and Milankovitch
Cloud cover
Long-term climate trends
EL NIÑO: GLOBAL WARMING CAUSE, EFFECT, OR BOTH?
Making the Case for Carbon
Geologic and prehistoric evidence
Modeling and forecasting
HOW CLIMATE COMPUTER MODELS WORK
A few degrees is a lot
Going, going, gone … The tipping point
Eyeballing the Consequences of Continued Carbon Dioxide Increases
WHY SCIENTISTS COMPARE TEMPERATURES TO THE YEAR 1850
What happens when the mercury rises
Cutting back on carbon
Tracking Down the Causes
Living in the Dark Ages of Fossil Fuels
From Fossils to Fuel — How Fossil Fuels Came to Be
Examining the Different Types of Fossil Fuels
Coal
Dissecting coal — What is it?
Lowering pollution from coal plants
Oil
HOW MUCH OIL IS LEFT?
Natural gas
ATHABASCA TAR SANDS: A STICKY SITUATION
Fueling Civilization’s Growth: Adding to the Greenhouse Effect
A growing world population’s impact
Growing economies also play a role
Getting Right to the Source: The Big Emitters
Power to the People: Energy Use
Producing electricity
Using up energy in buildings
Powering industry
Iron and steel
Cement
Other metals
Oil
Pulp and paper
The Road to Ruin: Transportation and GHGs
KEEP THE AIR POLLUTION ON YOUR SIDE OF THE BORDER
Cheap goods at a high price to the climate
Keep on truckin’
HOLDING ______ ACCOUNTABLE FOR AIR TRAVEL EMISSIONS
Draining the Carbon Sinks: Land Use
Timber! Deforestation
Down on the farm: Agriculture and livestock
Taking It Personally: Individual Sources of Emissions
Driving Up Emissions: Transportation and GHGs
Driving
Flying
Using Energy around the House
Controlling the climate in your home
Heating
Cooling
HOW GREEN IS YOUR ELECTRICITY?
Operating electric appliances
You Are What You Eat: Food and Carbon
Wasting Away
Examining the Effects of Climate Change
Focusing on Not-So-Natural Disasters
H2 Oh No: Watery Disasters
Rising sea levels
Rising sea levels affect billions of people
How global warming is causing the levels to rise
Melting mountain glaciers
NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE ARCTIC
Putting a brake on the Gulf Stream
Rainfall (or lack thereof)
Flooding
WHAT THE IPCC MEANS BY “HIGH CONFIDENCE”
Freshwater contamination
Stormy Weather: More Intense Storms and Hurricanes
Forest Fires and Wildfires: Trees and Grasses as Fuel
Considering the costs
Recognizing how they start and how to prevent them
Turning Up the Heat
Examining the Negative Side Effects of Positive Feedback Loops
A DIM HOPE TO FIGHT GLOBAL WARMING
NOT SO PERMANENT
Risking Flora and Fauna: Impacts on Plants and Animals
Understanding the Stresses on Ecosystems
Ecosystems can adapt to some climate change
Some species have limitations for adapting
BUT PLANTS CAN’T MOVE!
Warming the World’s Waters: Threats to the Underwater World
Under the sea
Drops in productivity
Coral at risk
Dramatic ecosystem changes
A WHALE OF A CHANGE
Lakes, rivers, wetlands, and bogs
Declining water quality
Decreasing fish species
Risking Earth’s Forests
Tropical
Boreal
More forest fires
Increased pests
Preparing for Mass Extinctions
Life’s no beach: Endangered tropical species
Thin ice: Polar bears and other polar animals
Changes in the Arctic
Extinction in Antarctica
Hitting Home: Global Warming’s Direct Effect on People
Focusing on the Health Scare — Outbreaks and Diseases
Dengue fever
Lyme disease
Other diseases and problems worsened by global warming
Allergies
Contaminated drinking water
Cholera
Diarrheal disease
Lung problems
Malaria
Skin cancer
Vermin
Putting Pressure on the Fields
Affecting farmers
Hurting the global food supply
Paying the Price for Global Warming
Highways, waterworks, and the other stuff humans build
An unfair split: Costs to the industrialized and developing nations
HEAVY WARNINGS: BEYOND THE IPCC
Feeling the Heat First: Unequal Effects
UPHILL BATTLE FOR GLOBAL TOURISM
Northern Hemisphere communities
Changing culture and lives
Affecting the hunt
People in poverty
Women (and children)
Women in developing nations
How natural disasters caused by climate change affect women
GOTELIND ALBER: GETTING GENDER ON THE AGENDA
Political Progress: Fighting Global Warming Nationally and Internationally
Voting for Your Future: What Governments Can Do
THE NONPOLITICAL POLITICAL ISSUE
If They Had a Million Dollars … Wait — They Do! — Funding Measures
Creating incentives
Planning for emissions trading
Focusing on the pros and cons of emissions trading
Looking deeper into the debate about emissions trading
Putting Programs into Place
Research
Education and awareness
Adaptation
Adaption starts at the local level
WHAT A LOCAL PARTNERSHIP IS DOING
How regional governments can assist in adaption
HOW CITIES AROUND THE WORLD ARE SIGNING UP TO BE “RESILIENT”
Cleaning Up Transportation
Bringing back the bike
Investing in public transportation
Greening cars
Dealing with personal vehicles
Redefining Long-Term Investments
Considering the lack of progress
Focusing on the good news
Recognizing the countries leading the way
Laying Down the Law
Improving building regulations
THE HONOR SYSTEM: SELF-REGULATION
Regulating energy use
Taxing the polluters
The ins and outs of carbon pricing
Carbon taxes in action
Identifying Some Success Stories
Cities and towns
States, provinces, and territories
THE EMISSION TERMINATOR: CALIFORNIA
Countries
SWISSENERGY: HOW IT WORKS
Beyond Borders: Progress on a Global Level
Understanding Why Global Agreements Are Important
Examining the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change
Recognizing what the Convention does
TALKING THE GLOBAL AGREEMENT TALK
Establishing a game plan
Dividing up the parties
Looking At the Paris Agreement
Setting targets
REACHING AGREED-UPON MILESTONES
Copenhagen and Paris – failures and breakthroughs
A vast difference from a small change
Adding flexibility
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS CAN WORK: THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Ratifying climate pacts
OPTING OUT AND BACK IN — CHANGING POSITIONS
Introducing the World’s Authority on Global Warming: The IPCC
Getting to know the IPCC
Reading the reports
Developing in the Face of Climate Change
Identifying Challenges Faced by Developed and Developing Nations
Promising Developments: Looking at Progress in China, Brazil, and India
China
Electric improvements
Changes on wheels
The challenges
Brazil
CURITIBA: A LEADER IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Miles ahead (on ethanol)
THE MAN BEHIND THE SUCCESS OF ETHANOL IN BRAZIL
A cut below the rest
India
Improving energy efficiency
Big business, big changes
A leader in renewable energy
Growing by the numbers
Choosing Sustainable Development
Understanding what sustainable development is
Expressing what developing countries can do
Mitigation
Adaptation
REPLANTING MANGROVES IS SOME GOOD NEWS
How industrialized countries can help
Leaders
Funders
ENDANGERED NATIONS
Partners
CLIMATE FINANCE THROUGH THE $100 U.S. BILLION PER YEAR
ADAPTATION FINANCING THROUGH THE SEPARATE ADAPTATION FUND
ARTICLE 6 AND CARBON TRADING
LOSS AND DAMAGE
PLANNING ON IT
Solving the Problem
Powering the World — Renewable Green Energy
Addressing Energy Demand
Being more efficient
Combining heat and power
HOW MUCH CARBON DOES IT TAKE TO CHANGE A LIGHT BULB?
Changing How to Handle Fossil Fuel’s Emissions
Capturing and storing carbon dioxide
CARBON CAPTURE CONTROVERSY
Considering carbon capture cons
Reducing Energy Demand
Investigating Renewable Energy Options
Blowin’ in the wind
A BIG FLAP OVER WIND POWER
Here comes the sun
Photovoltaic energy
WHAT’S A WATT?
Passive solar energy
Solar thermal energy
Heat from the ground up
Hydropower
DAM IT
Ocean power
From plants to energy
Consternation over corn
Sugarcane as biofuel
Nothing wasted
Solid waste: Biomass
NOT YOUR REGULAR SMOKEHOUSE
Liquid waste
ETHANOL
BIODIESEL
Gas from garbage
Exploring Another Nonrenewable Energy Source: Nuclear Power
Understanding nuclear power
Looking at the positives
Weighing the negatives
Show Me the Money: Business and Industrial Solutions
Processing and Manufacturing Efficiently
Taking steps to conserve energy
Using energy efficiently
Considering individual industries
Trading Carbon between Manufacturers — The Carbon Market
ADAPTATION FOR INDUSTRY
Constructing Greener Buildings
Cutting back on heating and cooling
Exploring energy alternatives
Certifying new buildings
Identifying Corporate Success Stories
Recognizing Corporate Nonsuccess Stories
BP’S ATTEMPT TO GO “BEYOND PETROLEUM”
Focusing on Support from the Professional Service Sector
Banking on the environment
Stranding assets and liabilities
Insuring against climate change
Making it legal
Looking At Farming and Forestry
Supplying biofuels
Improving land management
Forestry
Farming
REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
DEALING IN DIRTY SOLUTIONS
Reducing rice farms’ emissions
GET A GREEN BELT BY PLANTING A TREE
THE GLOBAL-WARMING BEEF WITH COWS
Activists without Borders: Nongovernmental Organizations
Understanding What NGOs Do
Educating people
Making scientific information approachable
Organizing and taking action
Keeping watch
Getting the word out
Working with industry and government
Corporate cooperation
Government action
BANDING TOGETHER
Indigenous leadership
INDIGENOUS LAND DEFENDERS
Meeting This Generation
The importance of youth
Groups that speak up
CLIMATE JUSTICE – NGOs THAT HEAR THE VOICES OF THE POOR AND GLOBAL SOUTH
Getting Involved
Seeking out groups
Helping out
JOINING THE CLIMATE CHANGE TEAM(S)
Lights, Camera, Action: The Media and Climate Change
Growing News Coverage
Bias and balance: Distorting the story
Consider the source: Being an informed media consumer
Focusing on Science on the Red Carpet
Movies: Facts and (science) fiction
Silver screen stories
Documentaries
For the kids (and adults, too)
Following the stars
Leading lights
Carbon offsetting and green travel with the jet set
Worldwide Warming: Climate Change Blogs
Bestselling Books: Reading between the Lines
True stories
Fiction and fairytales
Figuring Out How to Change before Global Warming Is Unstoppable
Asking Tough Questions
Making the Changes in Limited Time
Staying within the carbon budget: Is it possible?
Getting to net zero — Is it possible?
Staying below “1.5 to stay alive” — Is it possible?
Addressing What Needs to be Done
Forecasting a path to 1.5 degrees
UNDERSTANDING EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
Understanding Disruption
Predicting what disruption of fossil fuels looks like
Recognizing the cost of disruption
The problem for a fossil fuel company
The problem for a power utility
The problem for a banker
The problem for an industrial energy user
Considering other benefits to disruption
DISRUPTION IS NOTHING NEW
Ending the Dominance of Fossil Fuels as Humanity’s Main Source of Energy
Changing the ways humans use energy and power to get things done
Changing what political leaders see the best interests of humanity
Understanding How Disruption Can Be Accelerated
Getting There from Here: A Conversation among Citizens
The Par t of Tens
Ten (Plus One) Things You Can Do to Fight Climate Change
Greening Your Car
Upgrading Major Appliances
Buttoning Up Your House
Making Your Daily Living More Energy Efficient
At home
On the road
At work
Going Vegetarian or Vegan (Sort of)
Reducing Food Waste
Supporting Clean, Renewable Energy
Being a Smart Investor and Encouraging Smart Disinvestment
Getting (or Making) a Green Collar Job
Helping To Make Change Where You Live
Spreading the Word
Ten (Plus Three) Inspiring Leaders in the Fight
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Angela Merkel
Mia Amor Mottley
Bill McKibben
George Monbiot
Sheila Watt-Cloutier
Elizabeth Wathuti
Greta Thunberg
Michael Mann
Katharine Hayhoe
James Hansen
Bill Gates
Nandita Bakhshi
Top Ten Myths about Climate Change Debunked
Knowing That a Debate Doesn’t Exist among Scientists
Recognizing That Human Activity Has Caused Current Global Warming
Looking into the Danger of Increased Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
Discovering the Truth about Sunspots
Understanding That Scientists Don’t Exaggerate to Get More Funding
Grasping the Misconceptions about the Science of Global Warming
Thinking It’s All Your Fault
Considering You Can’t Do Anything about It
Pinning the Blame on Developing Countries Isn’t Realistic
Living with Climate Change — and Doing Something about It
Ten (Plus One) Online Climate Change Resources
National Geographic
Three Other Kid-Friendly Sites
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Climate Analysis Indicators Tool
Canada’s Environment and Climate Change
The U.K.’s Climate Challenge
Environmental Protection Agency
The International Energy Agency
Gateway to the UN System’s Work on Climate Change
Index. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
About the Authors
Dedication
Authors’ Acknowledgments
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
