The Story of the Scottish Covenants in Outline

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Fleming David Hay. The Story of the Scottish Covenants in Outline

The Story of the SCOTTISH COVENANTS in Outline

Bands or Covenants

Personal Covenants

A Specimen

God our Portion

Supposed Band of 1556

Band of 1557

Bands of 1559

Rupture of French Alliance

French Excesses

Scots and English

Band of 1560

Treaty of Edinburgh

Band of 1562

The Queen’s Demission

Articles of 1567

St Bartholomew’s Massacre

The King’s Confession

The General Band

Band of 1589

Covenanting in 1590

Band of 1592-3

Covenanting in 1596

Erection of Episcopacy

Revolt of 1637

National Covenant

Glasgow Assembly

Assembly of 1639

Parliament of 1640

The English ask Help

Solemn League and Covenant

The Covenant enjoined

Montrose’s Army

Retaliation

The Engagement

Charles II. proclaimed King

King and Covenants

Dunbar and Scone

Resolutioners and Protesters

The Restoration

The King’s Honour

The Act Rescissory

Duplicity

Episcopacy Re-established

Argyll and Guthrie

Ministers Disqualified

Ministers Ejected

Church-Courts Discharged

Court of High Commission

Origin of Pentland Rising

Torture and Execution

The Indulgence

Conventicles

Public Worship

James Mitchell

The Ladies’ Covenant

The Cess

Sharp’s Death

Bothwell Bridge

Cameronians

Effect of Persecution

The Test

The Children’s Bond

Beatrix Umpherston

The Strategy of Claverhouse

The Success of Claverhouse

Apologetic Declaration

Priesthill and Wigtown

Conventicles

Dunnottar Prisoners

The Toleration

The Revolution

The Martyrs’ Monument

Heroic Sufferers

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Beginning at the left hand is Johnston of Warriston showing a letter to the Earl of Argyll, while Lord Eglinton is in the rear. Two ladies come next – the Marchioness of Hamilton, in widow’s weeds, seated, with Lady Kenmure standing beside her. The group around the tombstone includes Lord Rothes in the act of signing the document, Lord Louden, Lord Lothian, and the Earl of Sutherland; while Montrose is on the near side. Then there are Hope of Craighall, with the Rev. Samuel Rutherfurd, and in the foreground, standing on a tombstone, is the Rev. Alexander Henderson.

While they were opposed and oppressed by some of their former associates, they were, on the other hand, reinforced by the accession of outstanding men, like Richard Cameron and Thomas Forrester, who, in their earlier years, had complied with Prelacy; and by others, like James Renwick, Patrick Walker, and Sergeant Nisbet, who were born after the persecution had actually commenced. Men, and even women, were found ready and willing to endure all hardships, and to brave an ignominious death, rather than relinquish or compromise the principles which they held so dear, and to which, as they believed, the nation was bound by solemn covenants.

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The year 1559 was rendered notable in Scotland by the return of Knox, by the open rupture between the Congregation and the Queen Regent, and by the rapid progress of Protestantism. In the summer of that year the Reformers deemed it advisable to enter into at least three distinct covenants, their respective dates being the 31st of May, the 13th of July, and the 1st of August. None of the originals of these is known to have survived, but copies of all the three have been preserved. They had for their general object the advancement of the Reformation, but each had its own distinctive traits and special end. The first was entered into at Perth, the second at Edinburgh, and the third at Stirling. The second was adopted in St Andrews as the “letteris of junctioun to the Congregatioun,” and as such was taken by more than three hundred persons.

Not the least striking result of the Reformation was the complete bursting up of the ancient alliance between France and Scotland, and the drawing together of Scotland and England – that England which Scotland had so long and so recently regarded as its “auld enemy.” The importance of this result is frankly acknowledged by Teulet, one of the most competent, careful, and candid of French historical students. He puts the matter thus: “Scotland, which was for so many ages the devoted ally of France, the rein, as our ancient kings said, with which they restrained the encroachments of England, was unwilling to abdicate its nationality and become a French province. Moreover, the unbridled excesses of the French troops in Scotland, no less than the shameless rapacity of the French agents, at last aroused a general spirit of resistance, and England soon found in the rupture of the ancient alliance between France and Scotland an ample indemnification for the loss of Calais.”

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