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Frederic A. Lucas. Animals before man in North America
Animals before man in North America
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
HOW THE HISTORY OF THE PAST IS READ
CHAPTER II
DIVISIONS OF LIFE AND TIME
The Alaskan lamprey. The figure at the left shows the mouth and teeth
Shells of brachiopods, one showing the loop, the other the opening for the passage of the stalk
CHAPTER III
THE ERA OF INVERTEBRATES
Graptolites, Dendrograptus hallianus
A brachiopod, showing the curious spiral loop
Stylonurus and eurypterus, showing the structure of the under side
CHAPTER IV
THE COMING OF VERTEBRATES AND THE RISE OF FISHES
Pterichthys, the wing-fish. Very much reduced
Ceratodus forsteri, a modern lung-fish from Australia
The development of fins. The light shading indicates the hypothetical original fold, the dark shading shows the present fins
The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, a fish which has lost its tail
Undina, a crossopterygian fish. (After A. S. Woodward.)
The sleeper shark, Somniosus microcephalus, a large but harmless species
Port Jackson shark, Cestracion philippi
Lower tooth-plate of a cochliodont shark. Somewhat reduced. (After Worthen.)
CHAPTER V
GREAT SALAMANDERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATES
Tracks of a reptile and two amphibians from the coal-measures of Kansas. Reduced. (After Marsh.)
Two vertebræ of an amphibian from the coal-measures of Nova Scotia. Reduced. (After Marsh.)
Mastodonsaurus and Hyperodapedon
The great Japanese salamander and his relative the American mud-puppy. Drawn to the same scale
CHAPTER VI
THE REIGN OF REPTILES
Leg of emu and dinosaur, showing the resemblances between the two
Skull of the carnivorous dinosaur Ceratosaurus. Original over two feet long. (After Marsh.)
Skull of Thespesius, a predentate dinosaur. Original over 3 feet long. (After Marsh.)
A vertebra of Brontosaurus
Skull of Diplodocus
Leg of Allosaurus, original 6 feet long. Foot of Apteryx, original 3 inches long
Skeleton of a carnivorous dinosaur, Ceratosaurus nasicornis; original 15 feet long. (After Marsh.)
A modern cycad, Cycas circinalis, from the Moluccas
CHAPTER VII
EARLY BIRDS AND MAMMALS
Jaw, vertebra, and single tooth of Hesperornis regalis. The vertebra and jaw are smaller than the originals, and the tooth is twice natural size
Jaws of Jurassic mammals, enlarged. Amphitherium, Triconodon, Plagiaulax
CHAPTER VIII
DRAGONS OF SEA AND AIR
The saber fin of Protosphyræna, original 2½ feet long
The largest living turtle, Sphargis, compared with the skull of the fossil Archelon. The original skull is 3 feet long. (After Wieland.)
Original five and one half feet long. From the specimen in the United States National Museum
Skeleton of the great pterodactyl Ornithostoma compared with the skeleton of a condor
CHAPTER IX
THE RISE OF THE MAMMALS
Phenacodus, a typical Eocene mammal. (After Osborn.)
The clumsy Coryphodon. (After Osborn.)
Skull of Uintatherium, the largest land mammal of the Eocene
Comparative size of the brains of Coryphodon and Uintatherium. (After Marsh.)
Skull of a Titanothere, Brontotherium ingens. (After Marsh.)
Heads of the first and last of the Titanotheres. (From statuettes by Charles R. Knight.)
Skeleton of the great elothere, Elotherium crassum. (After Marsh.)
CHAPTER X
THE LIFE OF YESTERDAY
Skull of the great saber-toothed Smilodon
Skull of the elk-moose Cervalces. (After Scott.)
Tooth of Mastodon
Tooth of Mammoth
From a painting by J. M. Gleeson
CHAPTER XI
LOOKING BACKWARD
BOOKS AND SPECIMENS
INDEX
MODERN SCIENCE SERIES
Edited by Sir John Lubbock, Bart., F.R.S
Recent Books by Distinguished Specialists
BOOKS ON GEOLOGY
BOOKS BY CHARLES DARWIN, LL.D., F.R.S
Footnote
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, NEW YORK
