Оглавление
Frederic Seebohm. The English Village Community
The English Village Community
Table of Contents
LIST OF MAPS AND PLATES
CHAPTER I. THE ENGLISH OPEN FIELD SYSTEM EXAMINED IN ITS MODERN REMAINS
I. THE DISTINCTIVE MARKS OF THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM
II. SCATTERED AND INTERMIXED OWNERSHIP IN THE OPEN FIELDS
III. THE OPEN FIELDS WERE THE COMMON FIELDS OF A VILLAGE COMMUNITY OR TOWNSHIP UNDER A MANOR
IV. THE WIDE PREVALENCE OF THE SYSTEM THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN
CHAPTER I. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER II. THE ENGLISH OPEN FIELD SYSTEM TRACED BACK TO THE DOMESDAY SURVEY—IT IS THE SHELL OF SERFDOM—THE MANOR WITH A VILLAGE COMMUNITY IN VILLENAGE UPON IT
I. THE IDENTITY OF THE SYSTEM WITH THAT OF THE MIDDLE AGES
II. THE WINSLOW MANOR ROLLS OF THE REIGN OF EDWARD III.—EXAMPLE OF A VIRGATE OR YARD-LAND
III. THE HUNDRED ROLLS OF EDWARD I., EMBRACING FIVE MIDLAND COUNTIES
IV. THE HUNDRED ROLLS (continued)—RELATION OF THE VIRGATE TO THE HIDE AND CARUCATE
V. THE HUNDRED ROLLS (continued)—THE SERVICES OF THE VILLEIN TENANTS
EXAMPLES OF VILLEIN SERVICES
Huntingdonshire
Cambridgeshire
VI. DESCRIPTION IN FLETA OF A MANOR IN THE TIME OF EDWARD I
VII. S.E. OF ENGLAND—THE HIDE AND VIRGATE UNDER OTHER NAMES (THE RECORDS OF BATTLE ABBEY AND ST. PAUL'S)
VIII. THE RELATION OF THE VIRGATE TO THE HIDE TRACED IN THE CARTULARIES OF GLOUCESTER AND WORCESTER ABBEYS, AND THE CUSTUMAL OF BLEADON, IN SOMERSETSHIRE
VILLEIN SERVICES
Worcestershire
IX. CARTULARIES OF NEWMINSTER AND KELSO (XIII. CENTURY)—THE CONNEXION OF THE HOLDINGS WITH THE COMMON PLOUGH TEAM OF EIGHT OXEN
Bolden87
Reveden88
X. THE BOLDON BOOK, A.D. 1183
XI. THE 'LIBER NIGER' OF PETERBOROUGH ABBEY, A.D. 1125
XII. SUMMARY OF THE POST-DOMESDAY EVIDENCE
CHAPTER II. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER III. THE DOMESDAY SURVEY (A.D. 1086)
I. THERE WERE MANORS EVERYWHERE
II. THE DIVISION OF THE MANOR INTO LORD'S DEMESNE AND LAND IN VILLENAGE
III. THE FREE TENANTS ON THE LORD'S DEMESNE
IV. THE CLASSES OF TENANTS IN VILLENAGE
V. THE VILLANI WERE HOLDERS OF VIRGATES, ETC
VI. THE HOLDINGS OF THE BORDARII OR COTTIERS
VII. THE DOMESDAY SURVEY OF THE VILLA OF WESTMINSTER
VIII. THE EXTENT OF THE CULTIVATED LAND OF ENGLAND, AND HOW MUCH WAS INCLUDED IN THE YARD-LANDS OF THE VILLANI
CHAPTER III. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER IV. THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM TRACED IN SAXON TIMES—THE SCATTERING OF THE STRIPS ORIGINATED IN THE METHODS OF CO-ARATION
I. THE VILLAGE FIELDS UNDER SAXON RULE WERE OPEN FIELDS
II. THE HOLDINGS WERE COMPOSED OF SCATTERED STRIPS
III. THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM OF CO-ARATION DESCRIBED IN THE ANCIENT LAWS OF WALES
CHAPTER IV. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER V. MANORS AND SERFDOM UNDER SAXON RULE
I. THE SAXON 'HAMS' AND 'TUNS' WERE MANORS WITH VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN SERFDOM UPON THEM
II. THE RECTITUDINES SINGULARUM PERSONARUM
III. THE THANE AND HIS SERVICES
IV. THE GENEATS AND THEIR SERVICES
V. THE DOUBLE AND ANCIENT CHARACTER OF THE SERVICES OF THE GEBUR—GAFOL AND WEEK-WORK
VI. SERFDOM ON A MANOR of KING EDWY
VII. SERFDOM ON A MANOR OF KING ALFRED
VIII. THE THEOWS OR SLAVES ON THE LORD'S DEMESNE
IX. THE CREATION OF NEW MANORS
X. THE LAWS OF KING ETHELBERT—THERE WERE MANORS IN THE SIXTH CENTURY
XI. RESULT OF THE SAXON EVIDENCE
CHAPTER V. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER VI. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM (IN WALES)
I. EVIDENCE OF THE DOMESDAY SURVEY
II. THE WELSH LAND SYSTEM IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY
III. THE WELSH LAND SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE WELSH LAWS
IV. LAND DIVISIONS UNDER THE WELSH CODES
V. EARLIER EVIDENCE OF THE PAYMENT OF WELSH GWESTVA, OR FOOD-RENT
CHAPTER VI. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER VII. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM (continued)
I. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND
II. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM IN ITS EARLIER STAGES
III. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE TRIBAL AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF THE WEST AND SOUTH-EAST OF BRITAIN WAS PRE-ROMAN, AND SO ALSO WAS THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM
CHAPTER VII. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER VIII. CONNEXION BETWEEN THE ROMAN LAND SYSTEM AND THE LATER MANORIAL SYSTEM
I. IMPORTANCE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE
II. THE CONNEXION BETWEEN THE SAXON 'HAM,' THE GERMAN 'HEIM,' AND THE FRANKISH 'VILLA.'
III. THE ROMAN 'VILLA,' ITS EASY TRANSITION INTO THE LATER MANOR, AND ITS TENDENCY TO BECOME THE PREDOMINANT TYPE OF ESTATE
IV. THE SMALLER TENANTS ON THE AGER PUBLICUS IN ROMAN PROVINCES—THE VETERANS
V. THE SMALLER TENANTS ON THE 'AGER PUBLICUS' (continued)—THE LÆTI
VI. THE 'TRIBUTUM' OF THE LATER EMPIRE
VII. THE 'SORDIDA MUNERA' OF THE LATER EMPIRE
VIII. THE TENDENCY TOWARDS A MANORIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE 'AGER PUBLICUS,' OR IMPERIAL DOMAIN
IX. THE SUCCESSION TO SEMI-SERVILE HOLDINGS; AND METHODS OF CULTIVATION
X. THE TRANSITION FROM THE ROMAN TO THE LATER MANORIAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER VIII. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER IX.THE GERMAN SIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE
I. THE GERMAN TRIBAL SYSTEM, AND ITS TENDENCY TOWARDS THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
II. THE TRIBAL HOUSEHOLDS OF GERMAN SETTLERS
CHAPTER IX. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER X. THE CONNEXION BETWEEN THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM AND SERFDOM OF ENGLAND AND OF THE ROMAN PROVINCES OF GERMANY AND GAUL
I. THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM IN ENGLAND AND IN GERMANY COMPARED
II. THE BOUNDARIES, OR 'MARCHÆ.'
III. THE THREE FIELDS, OR 'ZELGEN.'
IV. THE DIVISION OF THE FIELDS INTO FURLONGS AND ACRES
V. THE HOLDINGS—THE YARD-LAND OR HUB
VI. THE HIDE, THE HOF, AND THE CENTURIA
VII. THE GAFOL AND GAFOL-YRTH
VIII. THE BOON-WORK AND WEEK-WORK OF THE SERF
IX. THE CREATION OF SERFS AND THE GROWTH OF SERFDOM
X. THE CONFUSION IN THE STATUS OF THE TENANTS ON ENGLISH AND GERMAN MANORS
XI. RESULT OF THE COMPARISON
CHAPTER X. FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER XI. RESULT OF THE EVIDENCE
I. THE METHOD OF THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS
II. LOCAL EVIDENCE OF CONTINUITY BETWEEN ROMAN AND ENGLISH VILLAGES
III. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER XI. FOOTNOTES
APPENDIX
THE MANOR OF HITCHIN (PORTMAN AND FOREIGN) IN THE COUNTY OF HERTFORD
PRESENTMENTS OF THE HOMAGE
COMMONS WITHIN THE TOWNSHIP OF HITCHIN
SHEEP COMMONS
INDEX AND GLOSSARY
