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Fridtjof Nansen. Farthest North
Farthest North
Table of Contents
Volume 1
Chapter I. Introduction
Chapter II. Preparations and Equipment
Statement of Accounts of the Expedition on its Setting Out, 1893
Chapter III. The Start
Chapter IV. Farewell to Norway
Trontheim’s Narrative
Chapter V. Voyage through the Kara Sea
Chapter VI. The Winter Night
‘ “Winter in the Ice
“ ‘To the New Year
Chapter VII. The Spring and Summer of 1894
Table of Temperatures
Chapter VIII. Second Autumn in the Ice
Volume 2
Chapter I. We Prepare for the Sledge Expedition
Chapter II. The New Year, 1895
Chapter III. We Make a Start
Chapter IV. We Say Good-bye to the “Fram”
Chapter V. A Hard Struggle
Chapter VI. By Sledge and Kayak
Chapter VII. Land at Last
Chapter VIII. The New Year, 1896
Chapter IX. The Journey Southward
The Mean Temperature of Every Month during Nansen and Johansen’s Sledge Journey
Appendix. Report of Captain Otto Sverdrup on the Drifting of the “Fram” from March 14, 1895
Chapter I. March 15 to June 22, 1895
Chapter II. June 22 to August 15, 1895
Chapter III. August 15 to January 1, 1896
Chapter IV. January 1 to May 17, 1896
Chapter V. The Third Summer
Conclusion
Mean Temperatures (Fahr.) for every Month during the Drift of the “Fram”
Continuous Periods of Temperature under −40°
The Mean Temperature of the Twenty-four Hours for these Periods
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Fridtjof Nansen
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“The main point in this vessel is that it be built on such principles as to enable it to withstand the pressure of the ice. The sides must slope sufficiently to prevent the ice, when it presses together, from getting firm hold of the hull, as was the case with the Jeannette and other vessels. Instead of nipping the ship, the ice must raise it up out of the water. No very new departure in construction is likely to be needed, for the Jeannette, notwithstanding her preposterous build, was able to hold out against the ice pressure for about two years. That a vessel can easily be built on such lines as to fulfil these requirements no one will question who has seen a ship nipped by the ice. For the same reason, too, the ship ought to be a small one; for, besides being thus easier to manœuvre in the ice, it will be more readily lifted by the pressure of the ice, not to mention that it will be easier to give it the requisite strength. It must, of course, be built of picked materials. A ship of the form and size here indicated will not be a good or comfortable sea-boat, but that is of minor importance in waters filled with ice such as we are here speaking of. It is true that it would have to travel a long distance over the open sea before it would get so far, but it would not be so bad a sea-boat as to be unable to get along, even though sea-sick passengers might have to offer sacrifices to the gods of the sea.
“With such a ship and a crew of ten, or at the most twelve, able-bodied and carefully picked men, with a full equipment for five years, in every respect as good as modern appliances permit of, I am of opinion that the undertaking would be well secured against risk. With this ship we should sail up through Bering Strait and westward along the north coast of Siberia towards the New Siberian Islands8 as early in the summer as the ice would permit.
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