Оглавление
G. Robert Grisel DVM. Equine Lameness for the Layman
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Our Responsibility to the Performance Horse
1 The Responsibility of the Horse Owner in Successful Management of Equine Lameness
2 The Responsibility of the Veterinarian in Successful Management of Equine Lameness
What Is Lameness?
3 The Definition of Lameness
4 The Art of Seeing Lameness
5 Obscure (Hidden) Lameness
Bilateral Lameness
Multifactorial Lameness
Axial Lameness
6 The Issue of Visual Subjectivity Among Observers
Forms of Lameness
7 Primary versus Secondary Lameness
Common Forms of Secondary Lameness
8 Painful versus Non-Painful Lameness
9 Weight-Bearing versus Non Weight-Bearing Lameness
10 Authentic versus Artificial Lameness
The Concept of Diagonal Synchrony
11 Axial versus Peripheral Lameness
The Head and Neck
12 Consistent versus Intermittent Lameness
Tripping
Muscle-Related Lameness
Neurologic Lameness
Shifting Lameness
Rein Lameness
Behavioral Lameness
13 Unique Lameness
Pertinent Equine Anatomy
14 Terminology Relating to the Horse’s Movement
Movement of the Limb and Foot
Movement of the Axial Anatomy
15 The Relationship Between Anatomy and Expression of Gait
Influence of Regional Anatomy on Gait Expression
Influence of Anatomic Function on Gait Expression
16 The Stay-Apparatus
The Stay-Apparatus of the Hind Limb
The Locking Patella
Compromise of the Hind Stay-Apparatus
The Stay-Apparatus of the Forelimb
Compromise of the Fore Stay-Apparatus
17 Anatomic Behavior of the Lower Limb
The Flexor Apparatus
The Check Apparatus
The Suspensory Apparatus
Breakover
18 Basic Axial Anatomy
Axial Bones
Axial Joints
Axial Muscles
Axial Ligaments
19 Altered Muscle Anatomy and Function
Fibrotic Myopathy
Fibrotic Myopathy of the Hamstring Musculature
Fibrotic Myopathy of the Biceps Brachii Musculature
The Fundamentals of Productive Observation
20 The Game Plan
Choosing the Approach
Choosing the Gait
Choosing the Venue
21 Rules of Effective Lameness Assessment
Basic Rules of Observation
22 Key Visible Elements of the Equine Gait
Asymmetry in Axial Movement
Asymmetry in the Quality of Stride
Asymmetry in Limb Gesturing
Asymmetry in Foot Dynamics
The Method of Visual Lameness Assessment
23 Identifying the Affected Area(s)
Identifying the Lame Limb(s)
Detecting Forelimb Lameness
Detecting Hind-Limb Lameness
Detecting Axial Lameness
Detecting Complicated Lameness
Breed Considerations
24 Determining the Nature of Lameness
Weight-Bearing Lameness
Non Weight-Bearing Lameness
Combination Lameness
Highlighting the Nature of Lameness During Assessment
25 Determining the Severity (Degree) of Lameness
Standardized Grading of Lameness
26 Determining Extrinsic Influences on Lameness
Temporal and Thermic Variations
Footing
Direction
Gradient
Gait
Velocity
Form of Restraint
27 Identifying Distinctive Features of the Gait
Suggestive Traits
Symptomatic Traits
Pathognomonic Traits
28 Confirming the Primary Component(s) of Lameness
Manifestations of Referred Lameness
The Gait Signature
29 Designation of the Horse’s Gait Signature
30 Correlating the Gait Signature with Likely Sources of Lameness
Applying Our Observations to the Diagnostic Process
31 Visual Observation as Part of the Diagnostic Workup
32 Building and Sharing Your Gait Signature Library
Video Archiving
Written Reports
Include the Diagnosis
Sharing Records
33 The Future of Visual Assessment and Gait Signature Characterization in the Diagnosis and Management of Equine Lameness
References
Video Quick Reference Library
About the Author
Index
