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INTRODUCTION
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
DEFINING THE MEANING OF CONCEPTS
TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY
CONCLUSION
– Theoretical framework.
– Defining the meaning of concepts.
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In course of time, with the economic development, older traditional social and economic forms live out itself and new social forces emerge that seek changes and orient toward globalization. In support to the neoclassical theorists, Howard J. Wiarda considers the evidence of transition to democracy in developing world. Among the reasons of this transition, there are 4 factors: failure of Authoritarianism, the end of the Cold War, Globalization and Elite leadership.
It might be seen, that in some cases, notably, under authoritarian regimes, demands for change can lead to repression. However, in the long run, they can start democratization. As such, Authoritarianism and Marxism in the early stages of development are possible and useful. They help generate development, but, in case of scale economies, they stimulate the demand for democracy. “In other words, democracy eventually comes to Third World nations both as an ideological preference and, perhaps more importantly, as a pragmatic, more effective response to the demands of modernization.”4 Authoritarianism and Marxism-Leninism, at early stages, were considered as the main alternatives to Democracy. Authoritarianism, while seemed promising as a way to achieve development, occurred to be corrupt and ineffective. The main purpose of Marxism-Leninism was to provide the authority and discipline in masses that seemed necessary for achieving industrialization, but along with corruption and ineffectiveness, it had very low human rights record. Thus, still, Democracy left as the only solution.
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