The Great Cat Massacre - A History of Britain in 100 Mistakes

The Great Cat Massacre - A History of Britain in 100 Mistakes
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In 1914 a train pulled into a provincial British railway station. The porter, a curious chap, asked the regiment of soldiers where they were from. 'Ross-shire,' one called down, but the porter heard 'Russia'. And so began a rumour that led to Germany losing the First World War.Often the history we learn at school is only half the story. We hear of heroic deeds and visionary leaders, but we never hear about the people who turned up late for court and thereby changed the law, or who stood in the wrong queue at university and accidentally won a Nobel Prize.The Great Cat Massacre: A History of Britain in 100 Mistakes demonstrates that the nation is as much a product of error as design. Through chapters on religion, law, culture, war, science and politics, it reveals such things as how an edict from Pope Gregory IX helped spread the Black Death, how the sister of cricketer John Willes invented overarm bowling, and how, had a letter not been lost, Disraeli might never have become prime minister.This book is history told through human failings, schoolboy errors, bad luck and extraordinary consequences; a history of mishearing, misdiagnosis and misinterpretation – a history that you won't find in the textbooks.

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Gareth Rubin. The Great Cat Massacre - A History of Britain in 100 Mistakes

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

RELIGION

THE GREAT CAT MASSACRE – SPREADING THE PLAGUE, 1232

THOU SHALT NOT SUFFER… – THE WITCH HUNTS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

THEY’RE STILL HERE! – THE WITCH HUNTS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, 1940

THE LAW

CURIOSITY KILLED THE LAWYER – THE DEATH OF ROBERT TRESILIAN, 1388

THE ACCIDENTAL ABOLITIONIST – LUKE COLLINGWOOD ENDS THE SLAVE TRADE, 1782

BUT DID HE DO IT? – THE DEATH OF LORD CASTLEREAGH, 1822

CLASS WAR BREAKS OUT IN THE COURTS – THE TICHBORNE CLAIMANT, 1862

THE WRONG HAT – FRANZ MULLER STARTS A TREND, 1864

A CASE TOO FAR – CHARLES DILKE EXCLUDES HIMSELF FROM GOVERNMENT, 1885

THE WRONG DISGUISE – DR CRIPPEN HANGS HIMSELF, 1910

AN EXPENSIVE KEY – SINKING THE TITANIC, 1912

THE WRONG PASSPORT – LORD HAW-HAW HANGS HIMSELF, 1946

A SHOT IN THE DARK – LORD LUCAN IS UNLUCKY, 1974

THE WRONG FUGITIVE – JOHN STONEHOUSE GETS CAUGHT, 1974

TREADING ON BRAZILIAN TOES – LETTING RONNIE BIGGS OFF THE HOOK, 1974

THE WRONG MAN – THE SHOOTING OF STEPHEN WALDORF, 1983

AN OFF-HAND COMMENT – JEFFREY ARCHER SENDS HIMSELF TO PRISON, 1990

SLIP OF THE TONGUE – JOHN PATTEN’S MINISTERIAL CAREER GOES UP IN SMOKE, 1993

WARFARE AND CONFLICT

FRIEND OR FOE? – THE BATTLE OF BARNET, 1471

GENEROUS TO A FAULT – WILLIAM THE SILENT PAYS FOR HIS OWN ASSASSINATION, 1582

KEEP ’EM HAPPY – THE ASSAULT ON CÁDIZ, 1625

PREMATURE CELEBRATIONS – ALLOWING BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE TO ESCAPE, 1746

SACKVILLE FREEZES – THE BATTLE OF MINDEN, 1759

OH, IT’S TOO LATE TO READ – FAILING TO QUELL THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1776

THE LUCKY HAT – WASHINGTON RIDES AWAY, 1777

TOO MUCH AIR – FAILING TO DISPOSE OF THE SECRET TREATY, 1780

SCAREDY CATS – THE LAST INVASION OF BRITAIN, 1797

FRANCE’S SECRET WEAPON – WILLIAM ERSKINE, 1811

JUMPING THE GUN – THE WAR OF 1812

LOST LEECHES – NAPOLEON LOSES AT WATERLOO, 1815

HOLDING OUT TOO LONG – GENERAL GORDON DISOBEYS ORDERS, 1885

APPEARANCES CAN BE DECEPTIVE – THE BLACK BOTTLE AFFAIR, 1840

A BREAKDOWN IN COMMUNICATIONS – THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE, 1854

ELSEWHERE, AT SEA… – THE CRIMEA ON WATER, 1854

MAKIN’ BACON – THE PIG WAR OF 1855

THE WRONG KIND OF OIL – THE INDIAN MUTINY, 1857

SLOW MESSAGE – THE BIRTH OF KAISER WILHELM II, 1859

BLAMING ONE’S TOOLS – THE BATTLE OF ISANDLWANA, 1879

‘I DON’T BELIEVE YOU’ – ZANZIBAR’S SHORT WAR, 1896

THE WRONG ENEMY – THE RUSSIAN FLEET DECLARES WAR ON BRITAIN, 1904

THE INDIAN VISITORS – INFORMING THE ENEMY, 1914

THE RUSSIAN VISITORS – DISINFORMING THE ENEMY, 1914

ENFORCED BRAVERY – LEAVING THE PILOTS TO IT, 1915

DROPPING YOUR COUNTRY IN IT – THE SINKING OF RMS LUSITANIA, 1915

A POOR CHOICE OF LINE – THE ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM, 1917

THAT SINKING FEELING – THE K-CLASS SUBMARINES, 1917

IGNORING THE TOPOGRAPHY – THE BOMBARDMENT OF FLANDERS

LET’S STICK WITH WHAT WE KNOW – CAVALRY, NOT TANKS, 1922

NOT VETTING YOUR CLEANERS – HIRING MELITA NORWOOD, 1935

SWITCHING TARGETS – THE GERMANS FAIL TO DESTROY THE RAF, 1940

AN OPEN SECRET – THE ENIGMA CODE, 1940

THE WRONG LAUNDRY – THE GERMANS SPILL THE BEANS, 1941

AN UNWELCOME SIGN – HMS TRINIDAD IS DISABLED, 1941

LOOKING THE WRONG WAY – LOSING SINGAPORE, 1942

KEEPING A CODEWORD A BIT TOO SECRET – ALLOWING THE GERMAN FLEET TO ESCAPE, 1942

OUT OF DATE, OUT OF TIME – ALLOWING BURGESS AND MACLEAN TO ESCAPE, 1951

ARGY-BARGY – THE ARGENTINES INVADE THE FALKLANDS TOO EARLY, 1982

THE WRONG NUMBER – THE INVASION OF GRENADA, 1983

THE WORLD’S WORST CODE – THE DOGS OF WAR TRIAL, 2004

CULTURE

A FAKE THAT STUCK – NAMING THE HILLS, 1747

PREMATURE ENDING – KUBLA KHAN GETS SHORTENED, 1797

POOR DRESS SENSE – IMPROVING CRICKET, 1822

WARMING UP – CARLYLE HAS TO REWRITE HIS MAGNUM OPUS, 1843

FAILING TO APPRECIATE THE SENTIMENT – QUEEN VICTORIA PUTS HERSELF IN THE LINE OF FIRE, 1882

A THREE-PART TRAGEDY – THE TRIAL OF OSCAR WILDE, 1895

BADLY CHOSEN WORDS – RUDYARD KIPLING GETS FIRED, 1889

THE TOWER FOLLY – CLEARING A SITE FOR WEMBLEY, 1889

MAKING THEMSELVES HOMELESS – EVERTON FC CREATES LIVERPOOL FC, 1892

JOIN THE PARTY – EXTENDING THE MARATHON, 1908

TAKING HIS SECRET TO THE GRAVE – LORD CARNARVON KEEPS TUTANKHAMUN’S TREASURE HIDDEN, 1923

STUNG CONSCIENCE – EVELYN WAUGH ATTEMPTS SUICIDE, 1924

MAKING THE WRONG POINT – ARNOLD BENNETT DIES, 1931

THE WRONG QUEEN – NAMING CUNARD’S LATEST SHIP, 1934

GREAT BRITISH HYPOCRISY – THE CHRISTIE AND EVANS CASE CREATES YES MINISTER, 1950

A NAZI PIECE OF WORK – THE HITLER DIARIES, 1983

FINANCE

MONEY FOR OLD ROPE – THE SOUTH SEA BUBBLE, 1720

LETTING THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG – REVEALING THE CONTENTS OF THE BUDGET, 1947

BAD MATHS – THE UNNECESSARY AUSTERITY, 1969

THE MOST EXPENSIVE HOLE EVER DUG – BENN’S BLACK HOLE, 1973

SCIENCE

FROZEN OUT – THE DEATH OF FRANCIS BACON, 1626

ANAGRAM GAMES – SWIFT BECOMES AN ASTRONOMER, 1726

THE POET’S FRIEND – DOCTORS EXPOUND THE WONDERS OF OPIUM, THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

HEALING HANDS – BYRON’S DOCTORS KILL HIM, 1824

WELL, IT’S SORT OF MY FAULT – THE FIRST OPERATION PERFORMED WITH ANAESTHETIC, 1846

POOR WORKMANSHIP – THE DEATH OF PRINCE ALBERT, 1861

THE MODERN ICARUS – PERCY PILCHER INVENTS POWERED FLIGHT, 1899

THE WRONG QUEUE – JAMES CHADWICK BECOMES A PHYSICIST, 1907

‘HOW ARE YOU FEELING?’ ‘RUFF’ – THE BROWN DOG RIOTS, 1907

MONKEY BUSINESS – PILTDOWN MAN, 1911

MAKING IT HARD ON HIMSELF – SCOTT OF THE ANTARCTIC DIES, 1912

MOULD MAN – THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN, 1928

SLOWING THINGS DOWN – IGNORING JET ENGINES, 1930

CLEVER KITTY – THE INVENTION OF CAT’S EYES, 1933

THE RESERVES REACH THE SUMMIT – EDMUND HILLARY AND SHERPA TENZING SCALE EVEREST, 1953

NATION-BULIDING

BAD HAIR DAY – HANDING A CHUNK OF FRANCE TO ENGLAND, 1152

MURDER IN THE CATHEDRAL – HENRY II CREATES A SAINT, 1170

SHOOTING HIMSELF IN THE CASSOCK – THE POPE GIVES IRELAND TO ENGLAND, 1172

AN INSURANCE ISSUE – KING JOHN AND THE CROWN JEWELS, 1216

THE OVER-ENTHUSIASTIC GROOM – ALEXANDER III GOES FOR A RIDE, 1286

FLATTERY GETS YOU EVERYWHERE – HENRY VIII’S POOR CHOICE OF BRIDE, 1539

TO PLAY A QUEEN – THE SUPPLANTING OF ELIZABETH I, 1543

THAT’S WHAT HAMLET WAS TALKING ABOUT – THE SLOW SUICIDE OF ELIZABETH I, 1603

UP IN FLAMES – THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON, 1666

A BAD SHOT – CLIVE OF INDIA FAILS TO KILL HIMSELF, 1744

TOO MUCH EXPLOSIVE – THE FENIANS CONDEMN ONE OF THEIR OWN TO SWING, 1867

PROMISE TO BE GOOD? – RELEASING JOHN DEVOY, 1869

THE COCK CROWS – CHARLES BERESFORD FUMBLES IN THE DARK, 1891

THE LAST KING OF SCOTLAND – PROMOTING IDI AMIN, 1948

POLITICS

NO MORE FRANGLAIS – CREATING THE FIRST PRIME MINISTER, 1717

IT’S GOING TO FALL DOWN – NUMBER 10 BECOMES THE SEAT OF BRITISH PRIME MINISTERS, 1732

MISSING THE BOAT – THE TRIALS AND TRAVAILS OF JOHN WILKES, 1763

BUT THE POINT WAS TO KEEP THEM OUT – THE GREAT REFORM ACT GENERATES THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT, 1832

ROYAL MISDIAGNOSIS – THE BATTLE OF FLORA HASTINGS, 1839

SHOOTING THE WRONG MAN – ROBERT PEEL SURVIVES, 1843

SWORN ENEMIES – CHARLES BRADLAUGH IS BARRED, 1880

THE LOST LETTER – PEEL SAVES DISRAELI, 1846

A VIRILE MAN – LORD PALMERSTON SHOWS HE’S STILL GOT IT, 1863

BAD TIMING – EMILY DAVISON FALLS UNDER THE KING’S HORSE, 1913

A FOND OLD MAN – ASQUITH GETS DISTRACTED, 1915

SUFFRAGETTE PITY – ENFRANCHISING WOMEN ON A WHIM, 1925

RULING HIMSELF OUT AS PRIME MINISTER – HERBERT MORRISON LEAVES THE ROOM, 1945

A FALSE POSITIVE – HAROLD MACMILLAN RESIGNS, 1963

‘THIS IS OFF THE RECORD, ISN’T IT?’ – MICHAEL FOOT’S WIFE STABS HIM IN THE BACK, 1983

ALWAYS CHECK YOUR MIKE – GORDON BROWN AND BIGOTGATE, 2010

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

By the Same Author:

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‘[History is] little more than the register of the crimes, follies and misfortunes of mankind.’

EDWARD GIBBON, HISTORIAN

.....

If Crippen had travelled in third class, the captain would probably never have seen him. Had Ethel dressed as a woman instead of a transvestite, the captain would probably not have been curious. If Crippen had sailed for his native land of America, Britain might never have been able to extradite him, but from the British dominion of Canada he was taken back to London, tried, convicted and hanged.

But hang on, there’s a twist. In 2007 a team at Michigan State University DNA tested the abdomen from the cellar and decided that it wasn’t Cora. It was, possibly, the body of a woman on whom Crippen had carried out an illegal abortion, which had gone wrong. Or, possibly, it had been buried there before the Crippens moved in. But all along, it had been the wrong body that had set the police on Crippen’s trail and started the saga of the most celebrated murder case of the early twentieth century.

.....

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