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Gavin Menzies. 1434: The Year a Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance
1434
CHINESEN OMENCLATURE
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Notes. Introduction
A LAST VOYAGE
Notes. Chapter 1
THE EMPEROR’S AMBASSADOR
Notes Chapter 2
THE FLEETS ARE PREPARED FOR THE VOYAGE TO THE BARBARIANS
Gifts for Foreign Rulers
Notes Chapter 3
ZHENG HE’S NAVIGATORS’ CALCULATION OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
How the Chinese Fixed the Stars’ Positions in the Sky
How the Star Tables Allowed Longitude to Be Calculated
Notes Chapter 4
VOYAGE TO THE RED SEA
Notes Chapter 5
CAIRO AND THE RED SEA–NILE CANAL
Cairo: The Quintessential Timeless Islamic City
Notes Chapter 6
TO THE VENICE OF NICCOLÒ DA CONTI
Notes Chapter 7
PAOLO TOSCANELLI’S FLORENCE
Notes Chapter 8
TOSCANELLI MEETS THE CHINESE AMBASSADOR
Notes Chapter 9
COLUMBUS’S AND MAGELLAN’S WORLD MAPS
Notes Chapter 10
THE WORLD MAPS OF JOHANNES SCHÖNER, MARTIN WALDSEEMÜLLER, AND ADMIRAL ZHENG HE
Chinese Knowledge of the World in 1434
“The Strait of Magellan” and the Antarctic
Notes Chapter 11
TOSCANELLI’S NEW ASTRONOMY
Notes Chapter 12
THE FLORENTINE MATHEMATICIANS: TOSCANELLI, ALBERTI, NICHOLAS OF CUSA, AND REGIOMONTANUS
Regiomontanus
Regiomontanus’s Knowledge of Chinese Mathematics
Maps
Notes Chapter 13
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI AND LEONARDO DA VINCI
De Pictura
Notes Chapter 14
LEONARDO DA VINCI AND CHINESE INVENTIONS
Notes Chapter 15
LEONARDO, DI GIORGIO, TACCOLA, AND ALBERTI
Leonardo’s Helicopter and Parachutes
Francesco di Giorgio Pillages Taccola’s Work
Francesco di Giorgio Improves on Taccola
The Source of Taccola and Francesco’s Inventions: the Nung Shu16
Galluzzi p. 44 continues:
Leonardo da Vinci Develops Francesco di Giorgio’s Machines
Notes Chapter 16
SILK AND RICE
Rice
Notes Chapter 17
GRAND CANALS: CHINA AND LOMBARDY
Lombardy
Europe’s First Industrial Nation
Notes Chapter 18
FIREARMS AND STEEL
Francesco di Giorgio
Notes Chapter 19
PRINTING
The Development of Printing in the Early Ming Dynasty
Laurens Jonszoon Coster’s Claim
Gutenberg’s Claim
The Venetian Claim
Notes Chapter 20
CHINA’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE RENAISSANCE. Maps of the World
Croatian Voyages West
Professor Swerdlow continues: (p. 425)
Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)
Galileo Galilei
The Development of Art and Perspective
Europe Becomes Mistress of the World
Notes Chapter 21
TRAGEDY ON THE HIGH SEAS: ZHENG HE’S FLEET DESTROYED BY A TSUNAMI
Cedric Bell Returns to New Zealand
Evidence of the Tsunami: a Wrecked Chinese Fleet in Oregon and British Columbia
Evidence of the Tsunami in Western Canada: Wrecked Chinese Junks Between 43°N and Vancouver Island
Evidence of the Tsunami Along the North American West Coast
Number of Wrecked Junks
Chinese Settlements on the Columbia River
DNA Evidence
Evidence of Wrecked Chinese Fleets in South America
Ritual Sacrifice
Notes Chapter 22
THE CONQUISTADORES’ INHERITANCE: OUR LADY OF VICTORY. Trujillo, Spain, July 25, 1434: The Feast of Saint James
The Mesta
The Virgin Mary’s and Saint James’s Role in the Reconquista
Notes Chapter 23
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Lam Yee Din
Tai Peng Wang
Cedric Bell
Rosanne Hawarden and Dave Bell
Liu Gang
Dave Cotner
Dr. Gunnar Thompson
Dr. Siu-Leung Lee
Paul Chiasson
Charlotte Harris Rees
Professor Robert Cribbs
M. Benoit Larger and Dr. Albert Ronsin
Dr. Tan Ta Sen
Lynda Nutter
Cristopher Pollard
Libraries. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C
The British Library
The Pepys Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge University
Bibliothè que Nationale, Paris
Hong Kong Central Library
Library of the Duchess of Medina-Sidonia,Sanlucar de Barrameda, Andalucia, Spain
The Arquivo Nacional, Torre do Tombo, Lisbon
Museums, Institutions, and Universities
Classic Works Relied Upon for 1434
Academic Support
Visitors to Our Website, www.1421.tv
Exhibitions and Symposia
Laboratories and Testing Institutions
HarperCollins Team
The 1434 Team
NOTES. Introduction
Chapter 1: A Last Voyage
Chapter 2: The Emperor’s Ambassador
Chapter 3: The Fleets Are Prepared for the Voyage to the Barbarians
Chapter 4: Zheng He’s Navigators’ Calculations of Latitude and Longitude
Chapter 5: Voyage to the Red Sea
Chapter 6: Cairo and the Red Sea Canal
Chapter 7: To Venice of Niccolò da Conti
Chapter 8: Paolo Toscanelli’s Florence
Chapter 9: Toscanelli Meets the Chinese Ambassador
Chapter 10: Columbus’s and Magellan’s World Maps
Chapter 11: The World Maps of Johannes Scho.. ner, Martin Waldseemu.. ller, and Admiral Zheng He
Chapter 12: Toscanelli’s New Astronomy
Chapter 13: The Florentine Mathematicians: Toscanelli, Alberti, Nicholas of Cusa, and Regiomontanus
Chapter 14: Leon Battista Alberti and Leonardo da Vinci
Chapter 15: Leonardo da Vinci and Chinese Inventions
Chapter 16: Leonardo, di Giorgio, Taccola and Alberti
Chapter 17: Silk and Rice
Chapter 18: Grand Canals, China and Lombardy
Chapter 19: Firearms and Steel
Chapter 20: Printing
Chapter 21: China’s Contribution to the Re nais sance
Chapter 22: Tragedy on the High Seas: Zheng He’s Fleets Destroyed by a Tsunami
Chapter 23: The Conquistadores’ Inheritance: Our Lady of Victory
BIBLIOGRAPHY. A. Bibligraphy for Chapters 1–5 inclusive
Tai Peng Wang’s Main Points Relevant to Chapters 2, 3, 5:
B. Bibliography for Chapter 6
C. Bibliography for Chapter 7
D. Bibliography for Chapters 8 and 9
E. Bibliography for Chapters 9–12
Part 2—Schoener Johannes Schöner
F. Bibliography for Chapters 13–14
G. Bibliography for Chapters 15–16
H. Bibliography for Chapters 17–19
I. Bibliography for Chapter 20
J. Bibliography for Chapter 21
K. Bibliography for Chapter 22
PERMISSIONS
PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS
Internal Black-and-White Images
Color Insert Images
INDEX
Also by Gavin Menzies
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