The History of Ancient Greek Literature

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Gilbert Murray. The History of Ancient Greek Literature

The History of Ancient Greek Literature

Table of Contents

PREFACE

I. HOMER

INTRODUCTORY

THE LEGENDARY POETS

THE HOMERIC POEMS

ILIAD AND ODYSSEY: THE PANATHENAIC RECITATION

THE EPIC LANGUAGE

THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF HOMER

CRITERIA OF AGE

II. LESSER HOMERIC POEMS; HESIOD; ORPHEUS

THE REJECTED EPICS

HYMNS OR PRELUDES

COMIC POEMS

HESIOD

ORPHEUS -- REVELATION AND MYSTICISM

III. THE DESCENDANTS OF HOMER, HESIOD, ORPHEUS

EPOS

ELEGY AND IAMBUS

IV. THE SONG

THE PERSONAL SONG -- SAPPHO, ALCÆUS, ANACREON

THE CHOIR-SONG -- GENERAL

THE EARLY MASTERS. ALCMAN

ARÎON

STÊSICHORUS

THE MIDDLE PERIOD. ÎBYCUS

SIMÔNIDES

TIMOCREON

BACCHYLIDES

THE FINAL DEVELOPMENT. PINDAR

V. THE BEGINNINGS OF PROSE

INSCRIPTIONS

'STORY'

CHRONICLES

'HISTORÊ' HECATÆUS

HÊRODÔRUS

THE EARLY 'HISTORIKOI' HELLANîCUS

VI. HERODOTUS

SON OF LYXES OF HALICARNASSUS (484 (?)-425 (?) B.C.)

VII. PHILOSOPHIC AND POLITICAL LITERATURE TO THE DEATH OF SOCRATES

EARLY PHILOSOPHY

THE ATHENIAN PERIOD OF PHILOSOPHY

OCCASIONAL WRITINGS

SOCRATES, SON OF SOPHRONISCUS FROM ALÔPEKÊ (468-399 B.C.)

VIII. THUCYDIDES

IX. THE DRAMA

INTRODUCTION

PHRYNICHUS, SON OF POLYPHRADMON (fl. 494 B.C.)

X. ÆSCHYLUS

ÆSCHYLUS, SON OF EUPHORION, FROM ELEUSIS (525-456 B.C.)

XI. SOPHOCLES

SOPHOCLES, SON OF SOPHILLOS, FROM COLONUS (496-406 B.C.)

XII. EURIPIDESM

EURIPIDES, SON OF MNESARCHIDES OR MNESARCHUSY, FROM PHLYA (ca. 480-406 B.C.)

XIII. COMEDY

BEFORE ARISTOPHANES

ARISTOPHANES, SON OF PHILIPPUS, FROM KYDATHENAION (ca. 45 B.C. to ca. 385 B.C.)

XIV. PLATO

PLATO, SON OF ARISTON, FROM KOLLŶTUS (427-347 B.C.)

XV. XENOPHON

XENOPHON, SON OF GRYLLUS, FROM ERCHIA (434-354 B.C.)

XVI. THE 'ORATORS'

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

LIVES OF THE ORATORS. Up to Isocrates

ISOCRATES, SON OF THEODÒRUS FROM ERCHIA (436-338 B.C.)

XVII. DEMOSTHENES AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES

DEMOSTHENES, SON OF DEMOSTHENES, FROM PAIANIA (383-322 B.C.)

XVIII. THE LATER LITERATURE, ALEXANDRIAN AND ROMAN

I. FROM THE DEATH OF DEMOSTHENES TO THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM

II. THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

I. -- BEFORE THE SEVENTH CENTURY ALL THE DATES ARE MERELY LEGENDARY, AND THE POETS MAINLY FABULOUS. II. -- BEFORE MARATHON

III. -- THE ATTIC PERIOD

Отрывок из книги

Gilbert Murray

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There are many exceptions to these rules. Dr. Fick of Göttingen, who has translated all the 'older parts' of Homer back to a supposed original Æolic, leaving what will not transcribe as either late or spurious, has found himself obliged to be inconsistent in his method; when Fιδέσθαι occurs without a F he sometimes counts it as evidence of lateness, sometimes alters it into íκέσΘαι. In the same way a contraction like νικωντεσ may represent an Æolic νíκανς from νίκαμὶ, or may be a staring Atticism. When we see further that, besides the Ionisms which refuse to move, there are numbers of Æolisms which need never have been kept for any reason of metre, the conclusion is that the Ionising of the poems is not the result of a deliberate act on the part of a particular Ionic bard -- Fick gives it boldly to Kynæthus of Chios -- but part of that gradual semi-conscious modernising and re-forming to which all saga-poetry is subject. The same process can be traced in the various dialectic versions of the Nibelungenlied and the Chanson de Roland. A good instance of it occurs in the English ballad of Sir Degrevant, where the hero 'Agravain' has not only had a D put before his name, but sometimes rhymes with 'retenaunce' or 'chaunce' and sometimes with 'recreaunt' or 'avaunt.' It comes from an AngloNorman original, in which the Sieur d'Agrivauns formed his accusative d'Agrivaunt.14

The evidence of language is incomplete without some consideration of the matter of the poems. What nationality, for instance, would naturally be interested in the subject of the Iliad? The scene is in the Troad, on Æolic ground. The hero is Achilles, from Æolic Thessaly. The chief king is Agamemnon, ancestor of the kings of Æolic Kymê. Other heroes come from Northern and Central Greece, from Crete and from Lycia. The Ionians are represented only by Nestor, a hero of the second rank, who is not necessary to the plot.

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