University Intellectual Property

University Intellectual Property
Автор книги: id книги: 1616190     Оценка: 0.0     Голосов: 0     Отзывы, комментарии: 0 3575,09 руб.     (42,08$) Читать книгу Купить и скачать книгу Купить бумажную книгу Электронная книга Жанр: Экономика Правообладатель и/или издательство: Ingram Дата добавления в каталог КнигаЛит: ISBN: 9780857192271 Скачать фрагмент в формате   fb2   fb2.zip Возрастное ограничение: 0+ Оглавление Отрывок из книги

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Описание книги

The traditional role of the university has been to teach and conduct original research, but this situation is changing. As governments judge universities on new criteria – including the 'impact' they have – and as universities are driven to search for finance from new sources, those that run universities are increasingly looking to exploit the intellectual property created by their researchers to help deliver this impact and income. How this should be done, and whether it should be done at all, is subject to much debate.
The key issues are:
– What constitutes intellectual property? – Do academics or universities own IP? – Does the commercialisation of IP impact academic freedom? – How can IP best be exploited and who should be financially rewarded when it is? – What assistance can governments and other bodies provide?
This book investigates these issues. After a review of how the current situation came to be, the views and experiences of a range of experts are presented, including those of a former high court judge, a senior lawyer, a patent attorney and professionals involved in technology transfer. The contributors examine whether the roles of higher education institutions have changed, what academics and universities should be doing, and how technology transfer can be made more effective and efficient. To conclude, a provocative look at the ethics of the situation is presented.
This insightful and thought-provoking book will help readers to understand more about an increasingly important aspect of academia and business.

Оглавление

Graham Richards. University Intellectual Property

Publishing details

About the Contributors

Preface

1. Introduction

2. The Confused Situation

Personal story

The first modern spin-out and IP Group

Patents

Copyright

Trade marks

Consultancy

Summary

3. Bayh-Dole-Thatcher

The Bayh-Dole Act

The Thatcher initiative

A current perspective

The National Academy of Sciences view

The Manchester Manifesto

The importance of balance

4. Academic Rogues

The Owen Case

A huge potential loss

The court case

The UK Patent Act

5. A Judge’s View

Endnotes

6. The Viewpoint of a Patent Attorney

Protecting art or Intellectual Property

Applying research to the real world

Attacking the patent system

The role of a patent attorney

What makes a good commercial patent?

Professor Ward and lithium polymer batteries

Maximising the commercial value of a patent

John Bissler and improved haemofiltration

Bundling patents

Strong patent drafting

The almost impossible task of a university technology transfer manager

Measuring success in the technology transfer sector

Putting a value on the IP

Patents versus know-how

Organon BV

Final thoughts

7. Technology Transfer Office: The Next Step

1. Dealing with the unusual collaboration

2. Handling complaints from industrial collaborators

The Multitasking Academic and the Pontius Pilate of the TTO

Lessons from this case study

The Invisible Data

Improving contracts

Dispute resolution

3. Providing entrepreneurial training

Conclusion

8. Waking a Sleeping Giant: Commercialising University Research

Knowledge transfer – not technology transfer

The third way of research commercialisation

The role of universities in the knowledge economy

The business model of a university

Knowledge transfer as social interaction

Developing a knowledge transfer system: creating leverage for cooperation and clusters

The mediating function of intellectual property rights

Case studies

Sources of funding. MIT, Berkeley, Oxford and Chalmers focus on research funding from: business and NGOs; funding for spin offs and revenues from consulting; and royalties and licences

Knowledge commercialisation strategies. All case study universities leverage many channels to commercialise university research

Realising value from knowledge. University research commercialisation initiatives

Conclusion

Successful research financing is multifaceted

Recommendations [29]

Provide incentive structures for knowledge transfer

Promote boundary spanning

Develop IP awareness raising programmes

Guarantee a high level of institutional support

Be creative in identifying new funding opportunities

Endnotes

9. Academic Research and Commercialisation

Background

Technology transfer and societal gain

The debate

Managing risk

Finance

Economics of societal gain

Conflicting terms, conflicting interests

The Lambert Review

Table 9.1 – summary of Lambert model research agreements [16]

Material transfer agreements

Conflicts of interest

Patent reform

Recommended reading

Endnotes

10. University Patenting and the Advancement of Knowledge

An introduction to the Manchester Manifesto

Expectations and realities

Table 10.1 – summary of the figures from the HEFCE study of KTT activities for 2009-10

Role of universities

Academic freedom

Problems and recommendations

Adjustments and alternatives

AUTM Global Health Initiative and Toolkit

UAEM Global Access Licensing Framework

Easy Access IP

BioBricks

Structural Genomics Consortium

Cambia/BiOS/Patentlens

Conclusions

References

Endnotes

11. Some Final Thoughts

Отрывок из книги

Graham Richards was head of Chemistry at the University of Oxford. He was the scientific founder of Oxford Molecular Group Plc and is senior non-executive director of IP Group Plc.

Professor Sir Robin Jacob is Hugh Loddie Professor of Intellectual Property Law at University College London. After practising at the Intellectual Property Bar he became a Patent Judge and was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal.

.....

If on the other hand the mechanism of exploitation is by licensing the IP to other companies then there needs to be a scale of remuneration dependent on the income. The Oxford system which I helped devise gives virtually all the early income to the researcher as an incentive to seeking patent protection, but then a sliding scale so that as the sums become larger the percentage going to the university increases. In the rare case where the invention brings in millions of pounds, then both the individuals and the institution will receive comparable amounts.

If the situation with respect to patents is less than totally satisfactory, then the copyright situation is even more in need of clarification and change, although when this occurs it is certain to generate opposition, especially if the university has a share in or ownership of the copyright.

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