Companion to Feminist Studies
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Оглавление
Группа авторов. Companion to Feminist Studies
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Companion to Feminist Studies
About the Editors. Editor
Managing Editor
Notes on Contributors
Acknowledgments
1 Feminist Studies as a Site of Critical Knowledge Production and Praxis
Introduction
The Diversity of Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Feminist Praxis
Conclusion
References
2 Biological Determinism and Essentialism
Introduction: Historical Perspectives on Woman's Nature
Biological Determinism and Essentialism. Defining Biological Determinism and Essentialism
Defining Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
Biological Theories about Sex and Gender
Evolution and Genes
Hormones
Brains
Essentialism and Feminist Theory
Sexuality and Biological Determinism
A Place for Biology but not for Determinism or Essentialism? Reclaiming the Body
Explaining the Role of Biology
The Enduring Appeal of Essentialist and Biological Explanations. Persistence of Essentialist Thinking
Persistence of Biological Determinism
Conclusion
References
3 Marxist and Socialist Feminisms
Early Tenets
Historical and Theoretical Background
The Value of Social Reproduction
The Social Wage, Mode of Production Debate, and Patriarchy
Exchange Value, Surplus Value, and Social Reproduction Theory
Affective Economies, Anticapitalism, and Anticolonialism
Gendered Capitalism and the Global Division of Labor
Social Reproduction, Imperialism, and Revolutionary Subjects
Intersectional Organizing
Conclusion
References
4 Radical and Cultural Feminisms
Introduction: History and Definitions
Radical Feminism: Key Tenets
The Personal is Political
The Patriarchy Problem
Sexual Violence
Gender and Sex Roles
Womanhood
Radical Feminism and Lesbianism
Radical Feminism: Criticisms
The Transgender Challenge
Radical Feminism: Legacy
Radical Feminism: Continued Relevance
Prostitution
Pornography
References
Notes
5 Materialist Feminisms
Introduction
French Materialist Feminism
The Delphy–Barrett and McIntosh Debate
British Materialist Feminism
US Materialist Feminism
Hennessy and Ingraham's 1997 Anthology
References
Notes
6 Black Feminism and Womanism
Introduction
Black Feminism(s)
Womanism
The Historical Context of Black Feminism
Womanism in Historical Context
Black Feminist Theoretical Moves
Queering Black Feminism
Third Wave of Feminism?
Conclusions: Coming Full Circle
References
7 Intersectionality as Critical Inquiry
Intersectionality as a Metaphor
Why Metaphors Matter
Intersectionality's Heuristic Thinking
Intersectionality and Paradigm Shifts
Core Constructs and Guiding Premises
References
Note
Notes
8 Queer, Trans, and Transfeminist Theories
Introduction
Key Concepts and Terms
Historical Context: Placing Feminist Theory in Conversation with Queer Theory
Queer Theory
Critical Queering
Transgender Theory
Transgender Theory and Gender Fluidity
Transfeminism
Transfeminism and Borderlands
Conclusion and Future Research Questions
References
Notes
9 Postcolonial Feminism
Introduction
Rewriting the Colonial Discourse of Satihood
The Critique of Third World Women
Postcolonial Sexualities
African Feminism and Africana Womanism
Muslim and Islamic Feminism as Part of Postcolonial Feminism
Postcolonial Feminism and the Politics of Intersectionality
Postcolonial Feminism and Disability Studies
Postcolonial Feminism and Grassroots Activism
Film and Literary Examples
Further Direction
Conclusion
References
Suggested Further Reading
10 Feminisms in Comparative Perspective
Introduction
Asia‐Pacific Feminisms
South Asia
East Asia
Middle East and North African (MENA) Feminisms
Sub‐Saharan African Feminisms
European Feminisms
Feminisms in the Americas. North American Feminisms
Latin American and Caribbean Feminisms
Conclusion
References
11 Transnational Feminisms
Transnational Feminist Activism
Transnational Feminism as Theory
Third World Feminists and Transnational Feminism
Contesting Euro‐Centric Definitions of Feminism
Challenging the Binary Between Western “Liberated” Women and Women in the Global South
Intersectionality, Third World Feminism, and its Critics
Transnational Feminism's Critique of Neoliberalism
Religious Fundamentalism and Nationalism
Solidarity and Coalition‐Building
New Directions in Transnational Feminism
Conclusion
References
12 Feminist Methodologies
Origins and Development
Methodologies and Methods
A Range of Methods
Continuing Themes
Reflexivity, Power, and Privilege
The Challenge of Studying Powerful or Unsympathetic Groups
An Example of Innovation
Newer Directions
Autoethnography
Transnational Anti‐colonial Methodology
Feminist Methodologies in the Archive
Quantitative and Feminist: Old Debate, New Developments
Beyond the Gender Binary
Intersectionality and Methodology
Conclusion
References
Notes
13 Feminist Empiricism
Introduction
The Journey Toward Feminist Empiricism: A Historical Overview
Feminist Empiricism: An Overview
Values, Knowledge, and Evidence: An Interplay
Challenging Knowing and Agency
Critiques of Feminist Empiricism
Comparing Feminist Empiricism to Other Feminist Epistemologies. Feminist Standpoint and Feminist Empiricism
Feminist Empiricism and Feminist Postmodernism
Conclusion
References
Additional Resources
14 Feminist Science Studies
Introduction
Gender in Science: Foundations
Toward Feminist Science
Strong Objectivity
Situated Knowledges
Feminist Materialisms
Postcolonialisms, Queer Theory, and Indigeneity in Feminist Science Studies
Black Feminist Science Studies
Toward Practice: Two Case Studies
Feminist Archaeologies and Genomics
Feminist Disability Bioethics
Future Directions and Conclusions
References
Notes
15 Feminist Economics
Orthodox and Heterodox Feminist Economics
Methodological Starting Points
Feminist Economics and Development
Feminist Economics in the Periphery: Contributions from the South
Measurement
Conclusion
References
Notes
16 Feminist Ethnography
Introduction
Historicizing Feminist Ethnography
Defining Feminist Ethnography
Feminist Epistemology, Methodologies, and Methods
Politics of Feminist Ethnography. Coloniality and Postcoloniality
Ethnographic Crisis
Citational Politics
Public Scholarship: Innovative Production, Digital Ethnography, and Activist Scholarship
Creative Production
Collaborative Writing
Visual Ethnography
Digital Ethnography
Activist Scholarship
Conclusion: Possibilities for the Future
References
Note
17 Feminist Historiography
Introduction
Feminist Historiography as Feminist Praxis
Claiming Expertise and Building the Field
Feminist Historiography and Critique
Essentialism and Difference
Refining Feminist Methods in the Archives
Oral History and Questions of Subtext and Representation
Feminist Praxis Futures
Conclusion
References
18 Feminism, Gender, and, Popular Culture
What Is Popular Culture?
Second‐Wave Feminism, Gender, and Popular Culture
Critical Perspectives: The Third Wave
Post‐feminism, Gender, and Popular Culture
Conclusion
References
Notes
19 Feminist Pedagogy
History of Feminist Pedagogy and Praxis
Defining Feminist Pedagogy
Key Tenets of Feminist Pedagogy
Putting Feminist Pedagogy into Practice
References
Additional Reading and Media Resources
20 Feminist Praxis and Globalization
Coloniality of Gender
Beyond Modern, Emancipatory Feminist Praxis
Gender Justice Otherwise
References
21 Feminism and Somatic Praxis
Feminism and Body‐Based Theory
The Gestalt Body/The Somatic Body
Describing Somatic Praxis
Somatic Epistemology
Somatic Methodology
Tuning into Self
Reaching from Self to Others
Applying Somatic Praxis
The Significance of Somatic Praxis for Social Justice
References
Further Reading
22 Feminist Health Movements
Introduction
Definitions
Earlier Women's Health Movements
Eugenics and Forced Sterilization
Women's Health Movements After 1950
New Trends Since 2000
“Hashtag Activism”
New Dynamic Youth Groups
What Did the Earlier Movements Accomplish?
Birth Control
Legalized Abortion
Curbed Abuse of Sterilization
Attention to Infertility
Contemporary Challenges for Today's Movements
Conclusions
References
Notes
23 Feminist Praxis and Gender Violence
Introduction
A Private Problem Becomes a Public Issue
Liberal Feminism
Radical Feminism
Intersectionality
Violence Against Transgender Women and Men
Structural Violence
A Feminist Political Economic Theory of Gender‐Based Violence
Conclusion
References
24 Feminist Political Ecologies in Latin American Context
Introduction
Beginnings of Feminist Political Ecology
Current Scholarship on FPE
Historical and Specific Experiences and Knowledges: Latin American Feminist Political Ecology
Emergence of a Latin American Feminist Political Ecology
Ecofeminisms
Latin American Feminisms and Indigenous Women Movements
Feminist spatialities
Trends of LAFPE
Conclusions
References
25 Feminism and Social Justice Movements
Social Movement Theories
How Do Social Movements Form?
What Makes Social Movements Successful?
Feminism and Social Movements. What Is Feminism?
What Is a Feminist Movement?
Feminist Contributons to Social Movements Theory
Collective Behavior Theory
Resource Mobilization
Collective Action Frames and Collective Identity Theory
Political Process Theory
Social Justice Movements: Two Major Examples. Palestinian Working Woman Society for Development
Black Lives Matter
Conclusion
References
Index
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In countering the fatalism of deterministic and essentialist theories in relation to human behavior, it is necessary to take full account of the biological, the social, the psychological, and the environmental. It is critical to do this in a way that is scientifically robust. Scientists from both the natural and the social sciences have embarked on this project, in different ways but with a common recognition that the old either/or polarities – opposing the biological and the psychosocial – are a theoretical dead‐end. Biology is in itself dynamic, evolving, and totally interdependent with the environment (Rose 1997; Woese 2004). In this sense, strong biological determinism with its connotation of a fixed biology impervious to environmental influence is not tenable. As long ago as 1978 Lambert commented,
The notion that “innate” factors, such as genes or hormones, influence human behavior is often called (usually pejoratively) “biological determinism.” To equate biological with intrinsic, inflexible, or pre‐programed is an unfortunate misuse of the term biological. Behavior is itself a biological phenomenon, an interaction between organism and environment.
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