Оглавление
Группа авторов. 2D Monoelements
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Monoelements. Properties and Applications
Preface
1. Phosphorene: A 2D New Derivative of Black Phosphorous
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Pristine 2D BP
1.2.1 Synthesis and Characterization
1.2.1.1 Top-Down Approaches
1.2.1.2 Bottom-Up Methods
1.2.1.3 Geometric Structure and Raman Spectroscopy
1.2.2 Physical Properties. 1.2.2.1 Anisotropic Eectronic Behavior
1.2.2.2 Optical Properties
1.2.2.3 Elastic Parameters
1.2.3 Applications
1.2.3.1 Gas Sensors
1.2.3.2 Battery Applications
1.2.3.3 FETs
1.3 Phosphorene Oxides
1.3.1 Challenges: Degradation of Phosphorene
1.3.1.1 Light Exposure
1.3.1.2 Phosphorene vs Air
1.3.1.3 Functionalized Phosphorene
1.3.2 Half-Oxided Phosphorene
1.3.2.1 Electronic Structure
1.3.2.2 Optical Response
1.3.2.3 Strain Effect
1.3.3 Surface Oxidation on Phosphorene
1.3.3.1 Optoelectronic Features
1.3.3.2 Stress vs Strain
1.3.3.3 Thermal Conductivity
1.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
2. Antimonene: A Potential 2D Material
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fundamental Characteristics. 2.2.1 Structure
2.2.2 Electronic Band Structure
2.3 Experimental Preparation. 2.3.1 Mechanical Exfoliation
2.3.2 Liquid Phase Exfoliation
2.3.3 Epitaxial Growth
2.3.4 Other Methods
2.4 Applications of Antimonene. 2.4.1 Nonlinear Optics
2.4.2 Optoelectronic Device
2.4.3 Electrocatalysis
2.4.4 Energy Storage
2.4.5 Biomedicine
2.4.6 Magneto-Optic Storage
2.5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
3. Synthesis and Properties of Graphene-Based Materials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Applications
3.3 Structure
3.3.1 Graphene-Related Materials
3.3.2 Synthesis Techniques
3.3.3 Mechanical Exfoliation of Graphene Layers
3.3.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene Layers
3.3.5 Hummer Method of Graphene
3.3.6 Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene Layers
3.4 Physical Properties. 3.4.1 Thermal Stability
3.4.2 Electronic Properties
3.5 Conclusions
References
4. Theoretical Study on Graphene Oxide as a Cancer Drug Carrier
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Molecular Interaction of Biomolecules and Graphene Oxide
4.2.1 Molecular Interaction of DNA With Graphene Oxide
4.2.2 Molecular Interaction of Protein With Graphene Oxide
4.3 Computational Method
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Binding Behavior Between Graphene Oxide With Cancer Drugs (5-Flourouracil, Ibuprofen, Camptothecine, and Doxorubicin)
4.5 Conclusion
References
5. High-Quality Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Produced from MOFs for Supercapacitor Application
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 The Basics of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
5.2 Carbonization of MOFs
5.2.1 Conversion of MOFs Into Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
5.2.2 MOFs Derived Graphene Like Carbon and Graphene-Based Composites
5.2.3 MOFs Precursors for the Preparation of Porous Carbon Nanostructures Other Than Graphene and CNTs
5.3 Effect of MOF Pyrolysis Temperature on Porosity and Pore Size Distribution
5.4 MOF Derived Carbon as Supercapacitor Electrodes
5.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgement
References
6. Application of Two-Dimensional Monoelements–Based Material in Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing and Biosensing
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Classification of 2D Monoelement (Xenes) in the Periodic Table
6.1.2 Group III
6.1.2.1 Borophene
6.1.2.2 Gallenene
6.1.3 Group IV. 6.1.3.1 Silicene
6.1.3.2 Germanene
6.1.3.3 Stanene
6.1.4 Group V. 6.1.4.1 Phosphorene
6.1.4.2 Arsenene
6.1.4.3 Antimonene
6.1.4.4 Bismuthene
6.1.5 Group VI. 6.1.5.1 Selenene
6.1.5.2 Tellurene
6.2 Field-Effect Transistor
6.2.1 Different Types of Recently Developed Field-Effect Transistors. 6.2.1.1 Field-Effect Transistors Based on Silicon
6.2.1.2 Field-Effect Transistors Based on Carbon Nanotube
6.2.1.3 Organic Field-Effect Transistors
6.2.1.4 Field-Effect Transistors Based on Graphene
6.3 Application of 2D Monoelements in Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing and Biosensing. 6.3.1 Biosensor
6.3.1.1 DNA Sensors
6.3.1.2 Protein Sensors
6.3.1.3 Glucose Sensor
6.3.1.4 Living Cell and Bacteria Sensors
6.3.2 Sensor
6.3.2.1 Gas Sensor
6.3.2.2 pH Sensor
6.3.2.3 Metal Ion and Other Chemical Sensors
6.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
7. Supercapacitor Electrodes Utilizing Graphene-Based Ternary Composite Materials
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Charge Storage Mechanism of a Supercapacitor Device
7.2.1 Design of a Supercapacitor Electrode
7.3 Graphene and its Functionalized Forms. 7.3.1 Graphene
7.3.2 Graphene Oxide
7.3.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide
7.4 Varieties of Graphene-Based Ternary Composite
7.4.1 Graphene-Conducting Polymer-Metal Oxide
7.4.1.1 Graphene-PEDOT-Metal Oxide
7.4.1.2 Graphene-PANI-Metal Oxide
7.4.1.3 Graphene-PPy-Metal Oxide
7.4.2 Graphene/Other Carbon/Conducting Polymer
7.4.3 Graphene/Other Carbon Material/Metal Oxide
7.4.4 Other Graphene-Based Ternary Materials
7.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
8. Graphene: An Insight Into Electrochemical Sensing Technology
Abbreviation Used
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Electronic Band Structure of Graphene
8.3 Electrochemical Influence of the Graphene Due to Doping Effect
8.4 Exfoliation of Graphite: Chemistry Behind Scientific Approach
8.5 Electrochemical Reduction of Oxidized Graphene
8.6 Spectroscopic Study of Graphene
8.7 Biotechnical Functionalization of Graphene
8.8 Graphene Technology in Sensors. 8.8.1 Glucose Sensors
8.8.2 DNA and Aptamer Sensors
8.8.3 Pollutant Sensors
8.8.4 Gas Sensors
8.8.5 Pharmaceutical Sensors and Antioxidant Sensors
8.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Abbreviation Used for Tables and Figures
9. Germanene
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Structural Arrangements. 9.2.1 Elemental Structures
9.2.2 Decorated Structures
9.2.3 Composite Structures
9.3 Fundamental Properties of Germanene. 9.3.1 Quantum Spin Hall (QSH) Effect
9.3.2 Mechanical Properties
9.3.3 Thermal Properties
9.3.4 Optical Properties
9.4 Applications of Germanene. 9.4.1 Strain-Induced Self-Doping in Germanene
9.4.2 Battery Applications
9.4.3 Electronic Devices
9.4.4 Catalysis
9.4.5 Optoelectronic and Luminescence Applications
9.5 Conclusions
References
10. 2D Graphene Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Synthesis Routes of Graphene
10.1.2 Graphene and its Derivatives
10.2 Applications of Graphene in Biomedicine. 10.2.1 Tissue Engineering
10.2.1.1 Cartilage Tissue Engineering
10.2.2 Bone Tissue Engineering. 10.2.2.1 Methods of Fracture Repair
10.2.2.2 Graphene Used in Bone Tissue Engineering
10.2.3 Gene Delivery
10.2.4 Cancer Therapy
10.2.5 Genotoxicity
10.2.6 2D Application of Graphene in Biosensing
10.2.7 Prosthetic Implants
10.3 Conclusion
References
11. Graphene and Graphene-Integrated Materials for Energy Device Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Anode Materials for Electrodes
11.1.2 Cathode Materials for Electrodes
11.2 Graphene-Integrated Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
11.2.1 The Working of LIBs
11.2.2 Graphene-Integrated Cathodes
11.2.2.1 Graphene/LiFePO4 as Cathode
11.2.2.2 Graphene/LiMn2O4 as Cathode
11.2.2.3 Graphene-Layered Cathode Material
11.2.3 Graphene-Integrated Anodes
11.2.3.1 Graphene/Li4Ti5O12 as Anode
11.2.3.2 Graphene/Si or Ge as Anode
11.2.3.3 Graphene/Metal Oxides as Anodes. 11.2.3.3.1 Transition Metal Oxides
11.2.3.3.2 Tin Oxides
11.2.3.3.3 Titanium Oxides
11.2.3.4 Graphene/Sulfides as Anodes
11.3 Graphene-Integrated Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors (SCs)
11.3.1 Working Mechanism of Supercapacitors. 11.3.1.1 Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC)
11.3.1.2 Pseudo-Capacitors
11.3.1.3 Hybrid Supercapacitors
11.3.2 Graphene-Integrated Supercapacitors (GSCs)
11.3.2.1 Graphene/Organic Material Nanocomposites
11.3.2.2 Graphene/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites
11.3.2.3 Graphene/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites
11.4 Conclusion
References
Index
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