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Группа авторов. Art in Theory
Table of Contents
Guide
Pages
The Wiley Blackwell Art in Theory Series:
Art in Theory: The West in the World. An Anthology of Changing Ideas
Acknowledgements
A Note on the Presentation and Editing of Texts
General Introduction
Art and the issue of ‘globalization’
The Art in Theory project
Issues of selection and organization
The question of where to begin
The contemporary situation
Part I Encountering the World. Introduction
IA Figures of Wealth and Power. IA1 Robert of Clari (fl c.1200–16) from The Conquest of Constantinople
IA2 Giovanni di Pian de Carpini (‘John of Carpini’) (c.1185–1252) from his Journey to the Court of Kuyuk Khan
IA3 Marco Polo (1254–1324) from The Travels
IA4 ‘Sir John Mandeville’ (fl c.1350–60) from his Travels
IA5 Various authors on artistic and cultural relations between Italian city states and the Ottoman and Mamluk empires during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries
IA5(i) Sigismondo Malatesta of Rimini (1417–68) Letter of introduction for Matteo de’ Pasti to Mehmed II
IA5(ii) Marin Sanudo (1466–1536) from his diary for 1 August 1479
IA5(iii) Mehmed II (1432–81) to the Venetian Senate
IA5(iv) The Venetian Senate Letter to Mehmed II
IA5(v) Luca Landucci (c.1436–1516) from his Florentine diary
IA5(vi) Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) from a letter to Sultan Bayezid II
IA5(vii) Tommaso di Tolfo from a letter to Michelangelo
IA6 Giovanni da Empoli (1483–1518) On India, Ceylon and the Spice Islands
IA7 João de Castro (1500–48) from Roteiro de Goa até Dio
IA8 Simão de Melo (d. 1570) from an inventory of his goods
IA9 Johann Huyghen van Linschoten (1563–1611) On Indian religious art
IA10 Duarte de Sande (1547–99) from ‘An Excellent Treatise of the Kingdom of China’
IA11 Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) from his journal
IA12 Jean‐Baptiste Tavernier (1605–89) On the Peacock Throne
Notes
IB Across the Ocean Sea. IB1 Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) Two texts from his first voyage to America
IB2 Amerigo Vespucci (1451–1512) Letter to Lorenzo Pietro Franco de Medici
IB3 Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) Two letters from Mexico
IB4 Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474–1566) from Apologetic History of the Indies
IB5 Toribio de Benavente (‘Motolinía’) (1482–1568) from History of the Indians of New Spain
IB6 First Provincial Council in Lima (1551–2) On the destruction of Indian sacred sites
IB7 Jean de Léry (1534–1613) from History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil
IB8 Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) from A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
Of the nature and manners of the people
A Weroan or great Lord of Virginia
One of chief Ladies of Secota
Their idol Kiwasa
IB9 Bernardo de Balbuena (c.1561/68–1627) from Grandeza Mexicana
Chapter 1: About the site of the famous Mexico City
Chapter 2: The origin and grandeur of its buildings
Chapter 3: Horses, streets, commerce, politeness
Chapter 5: Gifts, opportunities for enjoyment
IB10 Juan Rodríguez Freile (1566–c.1640) On the legend of El Dorado
IB11 John Lok (c.1533–c.1615) A Voyage to Guinea in the year 1554
IB12 Olfert Dapper (1636–89) On the city of Benin
The King’s Court
Houses
IB13 William Dampier (1652–1715) The first encounter with indigenous Australian people
IC Scholarly Responses. IC1 Anon. from the Inventory of the Palazzo Medici
In the Sale Grande suite of the ground floor loggia
The chamber of Lorenzo in the Sala Grande suite of the ground floor
In the room above the bath
The chamber of the two beds
Continuing in the same chamber
In the passageway at the top of the stairs which leads to the chapel
In the large bedchamber … called the bedchamber of Lorenzo
Continuing into the antechamber of the same suite
Continuing into the study
The large bedchamber of Lorenzo
In the antechamber
IC2 Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) from his diary of his journey to the Netherlands
IC3 Thomas Platter (1574–1628) On Mr Cope’s cabinet of curiosities
IC4 Michel de Montaigne (1533–92) ‘On the Cannibals’
IC5 Christopher Marlowe (1564–93) from Tamburlaine the Great
IC6 Francis Bacon (1561–1626) ‘Of Plantations’
IC7 Francis Bacon (1561–1626) from New Atlantis
IC8 Martin de Charmois (1609–61), from his Petition to the King and to the Lords of his Council
IC9 Dorothy Osborne (1627–95) from letters to Sir William Temple
IC10 Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) ‘Of the Naturall Condition of Mankind’
IC11 John Tradescant (1608–62) from the Museum Tradescantianum, or A Collection of Rarities
To the Ingenious Reader
A View of the Whole: The Table
VII [VIII] Mechanick artificial works in carvings, turnings, sewings and paintings
VIII [IX] Variety of Rarities
IX [X] Warlike Instruments
X [XI] Garments, Vestures, Habits, Ornaments
XI [XII] Utensils
IC12 John Dryden (1631–1700) on the ‘Noble Savage’
IC13 Aphra Behn (c.1640–89) from Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave
IC14 Charles Perrault (1628–1703) from Parallel of the Ancients and Moderns
IC15 William Temple (1628–99) On the distinctiveness of Chinese gardens
IC16 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) from ‘Preface’ to Novissima Sinica
IC17 John Locke (1632–1704) ‘Of Property’, from Two Treatises of Government
Part II Enlightenment and Expansion. Introduction
IIA The Orient in Fact and Fancy. IIA1 Antoine Galland (1646–1715) Preface to d’Herbelot’s Bibliothèque Orientale
IIA2 Anon. from The Arabian Nights Entertainments
The Twentieth Night
The Twenty‐First Night
IIA3 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689–1762) Letters from the Turkish Empire
IIA4 Charles‐Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755) from Persian Letters
IIA5 Joseph Addison (1672–1719) from ‘The Pleasures of the Imagination’
IIA6 John Shebbeare (1709–88) ‘The taste of England at present …’
IIA7 Oliver Goldsmith (c.1728–74) from The Citizen of the World
XIV The reception of the chinese from a lady of distinction
IIA8 Sir William Chambers (1723–96) from A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening
IIA9 Sir William Jones (1746–94) from his Discourses to the Asiatick Society of Bengal
Discourse 1
Discourse 2
IIA10 William Beckford of Fonthill (1760–1844) from Vathek
IIA11 Sir George Staunton (1737–1801) from his account of the Macartney embassy to China
Notes
IIB Curiosities and Colonies. IIBI Hans Sloane (1660–1753) from The Natural History of Jamaica
IIB2 Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) from Gulliver’s Travels
IIB3 Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811) On Tahiti
IIB4 A selection of texts from the Cook voyages to the Pacific 1768–80
IIB4(i) Joseph Banks On two figures and a Marae, or temple precinct, in Tahiti, June 1769
IIB4(ii) James Cook Two accounts of the practice of tattooing
(a) in Tahiti, July 1769
(b) in New Zealand, March 1770
IIB4(iii) James Cook On the people of Australia, April to August 1770
IIB4(iv) William Wales An account of music and dancing in Tahiti, 1773
IIB4(v) George Forster An account of artefacts at Tonga, October 1773
IIB4(vi) George Forster On the stone statues and wood carvings of Easter Island, March 1774
IIB5 Ignatius Sancho (1729–80) and Laurence Sterne (1713–68) An exchange of letters
IIB6 Manuel Amat y Junyent, Viceroy of Peru (1707–82) Letter on ‘Casta’ paintings
IIB7 Ignatius Sancho (1729–80) Letter to Jack Wingrave
IIB8 William Hodges (1744–97) from Travels in India
IIB9 Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) from Notes on the State of Virginia
IIB10 Olaudah Equiano (c.1745/50–97) On the Middle Passage
IIB11 William Beckford of Somerley (1744–99) from A Descriptive Account of the Island of Jamaica
IIB12 Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) On revolution, slavery and the Wedgwood medallion
Note
IIC Changing Ideas and Values. IIC1 David Hume (1711–76) from ‘Of National Characters’
IIC2 Jean‐Jacques Rousseau (1712–78) from ‘A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences’
IIC3 Comte de Caylus (1692–1765) from A Collection of the Antiquities of Egypt
IIC4 Voltaire (François‐Marie Arouet; 1694–1778) from Essay on the Manners and Spirit of Nations
IIC5 Voltaire (François‐Marie Arouet; 1694–1778) from ‘Essay on Taste’
IIC6 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) from Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime
IIC7 Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–68) from The History of Ancient Art
IIC8 John Millar (1735–1801) Notes on the ‘Four Stages’ theory of human development
IIC9 Denis Diderot (1713–84) ‘Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville’
The old man’s farewell
IIC10 Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) from A Monument to Johann Winckelmann
IIC11 Samuel Johnson (1709–84) On the state of nature
IIC12 Antoine Quatremère de Quincy (1755–1849) from Egyptian Architecture
IIC13 Joshua Reynolds (1723–92) from his Discourses 1776 and 1786
IIC14 Edward Gibbon (1737–94) Reflections on civilization and barbarism
Notes
Part III Revolution, Romanticism, Reaction. Introduction
IIIA History: Between Spirit and Science. IIIA1 Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) from Outlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man
IIIA2 Charles Bell (1774–1842) from Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting
IIIA3 Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) ‘On the Language and Philosophy of the Indians’
IIIA4 Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) from ‘Historical Preface’ to the Description of Egypt
IIIA5 Edward Moor (1771–1848) from The Hindu Pantheon
IIIA6 Richard Payne Knight (1751–1824) from An Inquiry into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology
IIIA7 John Flaxman (1755–1826) ‘Style’
IIIA8 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) from Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art
Introduction
The Symbolic Form of Art
IIIA9 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) from Lectures on the Philosophy of World History
Its general concept
The course of world history
Appendix: The New World
Appendix: Africa
IIIA10 John L. Stephens (1805–52) from Incidents of Travel in Yucatan
IIIA11 Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) ‘On Human Nature’
IIIA12 Gottfried Semper (1803–79) from The Four Elements of Architecture
Note
IIIB Visions of the Exotic. IIIB1 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) ‘Kubla Khan’
IIIB2 Maria Edgeworth (1768–1849) from The Absentee
IIIB3 George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788–1824) from The Giaour
IIIB4 Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859) from Confessions of an English Opium‐Eater
IIIB5 Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832) from the West–Eastern Divan
MOGANNI NAMEH/BOOK OF THE SINGER. Hegira
Freedom
HAFIS NAMEH/BOOK OF HAFIZ. Sobriquet
Fetwa
The German Gives Thanks
Emulation
IIIB6 Giacomo Leopardi (1797–1837) from Zibaldone
IIIB7 Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–92) from ‘Timbuctoo’
IIIB8 Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863) Letters and notes on his journey to North Africa
IIIB9 George Catlin (1796–1872) ‘Letter from the Mouth of the Yellowstone River’
IIIB10 John Constable (1776–1837) from ‘Discourses’
IIIB11 David Roberts (1796–1864) from his travels to Egypt and the Middle East
IIIB12 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780–1867) Notes on the Turkish baths
Les Bains du sérail de Mahomet
Bain de femmes
Bain de femmes à Adrinople
Notes
IIIC Missionaries, Managers and Resistance. IIIC1 Thomas Paine (1737–1809) from Rights of Man
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER V. WAYS AND MEANS OF IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF EUROPE, INTERSPERSED WITH MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS
IIIC2 William Blake (1757–1827) from America, a Prophecy
IIIC3 Mirza Abu Talib (or Taleb) Khan (1752–1805) from his Travels
IIIC4 Lady Maria Nugent (1771–1834) from her journal
September
December
IIIC5 William Wordsworth (1770–1850) To Toussaint L’Ouverture
IIIC6 James Mill (1773–1836) from The History of British India
The Arts
Literature
General Reflections
IIIC7 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) ‘Ozymandias’
IIIC8 Henry Salt (1780–1827) and Joseph Banks (1743–1820) Two letters
IIIC9 John Davy (1790–1868) from An Account of the Interior of Ceylon
IIIC10 William Ellis (1794–1872) from Polynesian Researches
IIIC11 Ram Raz (1790–1833) from Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús
IIIC12 Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Macaulay (1800–59) Minute on Indian Education
IIIC13 James Mallord William Turner (1775–1851), William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–63) and John Ruskin (1819–1900) Three texts relating to J. M. W. Turner’s Slave Ship
J. M. W. Turner, ‘Fallacies of Hope’
William Makepeace Thackeray, ‘“A Pictorial Rhapsody”: Slavers throwing overboard the Dead and Dying: Typhon coming on. J. M. W. Turner R.A.’
John Ruskin, from Modern Painters. Turner’s noblest work, the painting of the deep open sea in the Slave Ship
Its united excellences and perfection as a whole
Notes
Part IV Modernity and Empire. Introduction
IVA Enduring Fictions and Transformed Spaces. IVA1 Théophile Gautier (1811–72) from ‘Art in 1848’
IVA2 Théophile Gautier (1811–72) On Gérôme and artistic Orientalism
IVA3 Théophile Thoré, writing as William Bürger (1807–69), from ‘New Tendencies in Art’
IVA4 Edmond and Jules de Goncourt (1822–96 and 1830–70 respectively) on Japanese art
IVA5 Various authors on Japanese art and the ‘painting of modern life’
IVA5(i) Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) from a letter to Arsène Houssaye, 1861
IVA5(ii) Émile Zola (1840–1902) On Manet
IVA5(iii) Edmond Duranty (1833–80) On ‘the new painting’
IVA5(iv) Stéphane Mallarmé (1842–98) from ‘The Impressionists and Edouard Manet’
IVA5(v) Théodore Duret (1838–1927) On Japan
IVA5(vi) Félix Fénéon (1861–1944) from ‘The Impressionists in 1886’
IVA5(vii) Vincent Van Gogh On Japan
IVA6 Philippe Burty (1830–90) ‘Ancient Japan and Modern Japan’
IVA7 Joris‐Karl Huysmans (1848–1907) from A Rebours
IVA8 Pierre Loti (1850–1923) from The Marriage of Loti
IVA9 A cluster of texts on Gauguin and Oceania
IVA9(i) Paul Gauguin (1848–1903) from three letters written before leaving for Polynesia
IVA9(ii) Paul Gauguin from Noa Noa
IVA9(iii) Auguste Strindberg (1849–1912) and Paul Gauguin from an exchange of letters 1895
IVA9(iv) Paul Gauguin from Avant et après, Atuona, Hiva‐Oa
IVA10 Hermann Bahr (1863–1934) Review of the Japanese exhibition at the sixth exhibition of the Vienna Secession
Note
IVB Society, Evolution and the Idea of ‘Race’ IVB1 Robert Knox (1793–1862) from The Races of Men
IVB2 Joseph‐Arthur, Comte de Gobineau (1816–82) from The Inequality of Human Races
IVB3 Solomon Northup (1808–c.1863) from Twelve Years a Slave
IVB4 John Ruskin (1819–1900) from The Two Paths
IVB5 Ernest Renan (1823–92) from ‘The Position of the Shemitic Nations in the History of Civilization’
IVB6 Karl Marx (1818–83) and Friedrich Engels (1820–95) On the emergence of the world system
IVB7 Karl Marx (1818–83) On the ‘Asiatic mode of production’ and modern capitalism
IVB8 The First International address to the people of the United States of America
IVB9 Edmond de Goncourt (1822–96) from the Goncourt Journal
IVB10 Charles Darwin (1809–82) from The Descent of Man
IVB11 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) ‘Signs of Higher and Lower Culture’
236
237
247
251
265
IVB12 Encyclopaedia Britannica Ninth edition: ‘Negro’
IVB13 W. T. Stead (1849–1912) ‘To All English‐speaking Folk’
TO ALL ENGLISH-SPEAKING FOLK
IVB14 R. H. Bacon (1867–1947) from Benin: The City of Blood
IVB15 Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) ‘The White Man’s Burden’
Notes
IVC Anthropology, Museums and the Origins of Art. IVC1 Owen Jones (1809–74) from The Grammar of Ornament
PREFACE
ORNAMENT OF SAVAGE TRIBES
ARABIAN ORNAMENT
MORESQUE ORNAMENT
INDIAN ORNAMENT
HINDOO ORNAMENT
CHINESE ORNAMENT
IVC2 Edward Tylor (1832–1917) from Primitive Culture
IVC3 Augustus Lane‐Fox Pitt‐Rivers (1827–1900) ‘Principles of Classification’
IVC4 J. G. Frazer (1854–1941) from The Golden Bough
IVC5 Ernst Grosse (1862–1927) ‘Ethnology and Aesthetics’
IVC6 Henry Balfour (1863–1939) from The Evolution of Decorative Art
First Stage
Second Stage
Third Stage
IVC7 Alfred Haddon (1855–1940), from Evolution in Art
IVC8 Alois Riegl (1858–1905) from Problems of Style
IVC9 Alois Riegl (1858–1905) ‘The Place of the Vapheio Cups in the History of Art’
IVC10 George Birdwood (1832–1917) ‘Conventionalism in Primitive Art’
IVD The World in View: Travellers and Teachers. IVD1 Gérard de Nerval (1808–55) from Scenes of Life in the Orient
IVD2 Gustave Flaubert (1821–80) On the pyramids
IVD3 Hiram Bingham (1789–1869) from A Residence of Twenty‐One Years in the Sandwich Islands
IVD4 Sir Colin Campbell (1776–1847) Letter to Lord Stanley
IVD5 Andrew Nicoll (1804–86) ‘A Sketching Tour of Five Weeks in the Forests of Ceylon’
IVD6 Robert Fortune (1812–80) from A Residence Among the Chinese
IVD7 James Fergusson (1808–86) from History of Indian Architecture
I
II
III
IV
IVD8 Rajendralal Mitra (1824–91) from Indo‐Aryans
IVD9 Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94) On the South Seas
Honolulu February 1889
Honolulu 10 May 1889
Honolulu May/June 1889
At sea, 15 July 1890
Sydney, September 1890
IVD10 C. H. Read (1857–1929) and O. M. Dalton (1866–1945) ‘Works of Art from Benin City’
IVD11 Henry Ling Roth (1855–1925) ‘Primitive Art from Benin’
IVD12 Mary Kingsley (1862–1900) from West African Studies
Notes
Part V The Significance of the ‘Primitive’ Introduction
VA Authenticity, Form and Feeling. VA1 A cluster of short texts on the initial encounter of the European avant‐garde with African art in 1906–7
VA1(i) André Derain (1880–1954) Letter to Maurice de Vlaminck, March 1906
VA1(ii) Maurice de Vlaminck (1876–1958) On his ‘discovery’ of African art in 1906
VA1(iii) Henri Matisse (1869–1954) On his encounter with African art in 1906
VA1(iv) Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) On his visit to the Trocadero museum in 1907
VA2 Wilhelm Worringer (1881–1965) from Abstraction and Empathy
VA3 Roger Fry (1866–1934) ‘The Art of the Bushmen’
VA4 Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) ‘Exoticism and Ethnography’
VA5 Franz Marc (1880–1916) Letter to August Macke
VA6 Franz Marc (1880–1916) ‘The Savages of Germany’
VA7 August Macke (1887–1914) ‘Masks’
VA8 Emil Nolde (1867–1956) ‘On Primitive Art’
VA9 Alexander Shevchenko (1888–1948) ‘Neo‐Primitivism’
VA10 Henri Matisse (1869–1954) On his visits to North Africa
VA11 Paul Klee (1879–1940) On his visit to Tunisia
VA12 Hermann Bahr (1863–1934) from Expressionism
Notes
VB The Reach of Empire. VB1 James A. Hobson (1858–1940) from Imperialism
VB2 Charles Augustus Stoddard (1833–1920) from Cruising Among the Caribbees
ST KITTS
GUADELOUPE
DOMINICA AND ST VINCENT
MARTINIQUE
VB3 Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832–1912) ‘West Africa Before Europe’
VB4 Kakuso Okakura (1862–1913) from The Ideals of the East
VB5 Sister Nivedita (1867–1911) ‘Introduction’ to Okakura’sThe Ideals of the East
VB6 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) from The Souls of Black Folk
The Forethought
OF OUR SPIRITUAL STRIVINGS
VB7 From the Harmsworth History of the World On the ‘degeneration’ of indigenous Australians
VB8 Ananda Coomaraswamy (1877–1947) ‘The Aims of Indian Art’
VB9 E. B. Havell (1861–1934) ‘The New Indian School of Painting’
VB10 Lucien Lévy‐Bruhl (1857–1939) from How Natives Think
VB11 Leo Frobenius (1873–1938) from The Voice of Africa
VB12 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) from Totem and Taboo
Notes
Part VI In a World of Colonies. Introduction
VIA Modern, Primitive, Universal. VIA1 Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) ‘On the Art of the Blacks’
VIA2 Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) On African and Oceanic sculptures
VIA3 Roger Fry (1866–1934) ‘Negro Sculpture’
VIA4 Florent Fels (1891–1977) et al. ‘Opinions on Negro Art’
VIA5 Herbert Read (1893–1968) from Art Now
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PRIMITIVE ART
VIA6 James Johnson Sweeney (1900–86) ‘The Art of Negro Africa’
VIA7 Alain Locke (1886–1954) ‘African Art: Classic Style’
VIA8 Robert Goldwater (1907–73) ‘A Definition of Primitivism’
VIA9 Margaret Preston (1875–1963) ‘Paintings in Arnhem Land’
VIA10 Henry Moore (1898–1986) ‘Primitive Art’
VIA11 A cluster of short texts by American painters of the 1940s on primitive art and myth
VIA11(i) Adolph Gottlieb (1903–74) and Mark Rothko (1903–70) Statement
VIA11(ii) Adolph Gottlieb (1903–74) and Mark Rothko (1903–70) from ‘The Portrait and the Modern Artist’
VIA11(iii) Jackson Pollock (1912–56) Answers to a questionnaire
VIA11(iv) Barnett Newman (1905–70) ‘Pre‐Columbian Stone Sculpture’
VIA11(v) Barnett Newman (1905–70) ‘Art of the South Seas’
VIA11(vi) Barnett Newman (1905–70) ‘Northwest Coast Indian Painting’
VIA11(vii) Jackson Pollock (1912–56) Statement
VIA11(viii) Mark Rothko (1903–70) from ‘The Romantics were prompted …’
Notes
VIB Western CivilizationFor and Against. VIB1 Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) from The Accumulation of Capital – an Anti‐Critique
VIB2 Hermann Hesse (1877–1962) ‘The European’
VIB3 Ezra Pound (1885–1972) from Hugh Selwyn Mauberley
IV
V
VIB4 Oswald Spengler (1880–1936) from The Decline of the West
VIB5 Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) from Creative Unity
East and West
The Nation
VIB6 The Third International, ‘The Black Question’
VIB7 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) ‘Criteria of Negro Art’
VIB8 Franz Boas (1858–1942) from Primitive Art
VIB9 Alain Locke (1886–1954) ‘Art or Propaganda’
VIB10 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) from Civilization and Its Discontents
VIB11 Alfred Rosenberg (1893–1946) from The Myth of the Twentieth Century
VIB12 Leo Frobenius (1873–1938), ‘Reflections on African Art’
VIB13 Walter Benjamin (1892–1940) ‘Experience and Poverty’
VIB14 Narranyeri (attributed to David Unaipon 1875–1967) ‘A Blackfellow’s Appeal to White Australia’
II
VI
VII
VIB15 Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) from ‘The Vienna Lecture’
VIB16 Julius Lips (1895–1950) from The Savage Hits Back
VIB17 Fernando Ortiz (1881–1969) ‘The Social Phenomenon of “Transculturation”’
VIB18 Eric Williams (1911–81) from Capitalism and Slavery
Notes
VIC The Challenge of theAvant‐Garde. VIC1 Voldemārs Matvejas/‘Vladimir Markov’ (1877–1914) ‘Negro Art’
VIC2 Carl Einstein (1885–1940) from Negerplastik
Notes on Method
The Pictorial
Religion and African Art
Cubic Vision of Space
VIC3 Tristan Tzara (1896–1963) ‘Chanson du serpent’/‘Song of the Snake’
Aranda [‘Song of the Snake’] Knarinja (transcribed by Strehlow)
German (Strehlow’s Interlinear Translation)
French (Tristan Tzara’s translation from Strehlow) Chanson du serpent
English (by Veit, from Strehlow’s Interlinear Translation)
VIC4 Oswald de Andrade (1890–1954) ‘Cannibalist Manifesto’
VIC5 Sergei Eisenstein (1898–1948) ‘The Cinematographic Principle and the Ideogram’
VIC6 Len Lye (1901–80) Two letters
Tusalava
Don’t say it
VIC7 The Surrealist group in Paris ‘Don’t Visit the Colonial Exhibition’
VIC8 The Surrealist group at the Sorbonne from Legitimate Defence
VIC9 The Surrealist group in Paris ‘Murderous Humanitarianism’
VIC10 Michel Leiris (1901–90) from L’Afrique fantôme/Phantom Africa
VIC11 Antonin Artaud (1896–1948) ‘What I Came to Mexico to Do’
VIC12 Josef Albers (1888–1976) ‘Truthfulness in Art’
VIC13 Art et Liberté group, Cairo ‘Long Live Degenerate Art’
VIC14 Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) from Notebook of a Return to the Native Land
VIC15 Claude Lévi‐Strauss (1908–2009) ‘The Art of the Northwest Coast’
VIC16 Pierre Mabille (1904–52) ‘The Jungle’
On the return to the native land
A Night on the Haitian plain
Notes
Part VII Independence and thePost‐colonial. Introduction
VIIA Resituating Theory and Politics. VIIA1 Jean‐Paul Sartre (1905–80) from Black Orpheus
VIIA2 Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) from Discourse on Colonialism
VIIA3 Claude Lévi‐Strauss (1908–2009) from Tristes Tropiques
VIIA4 Roland Barthes (1915–80) ‘African Grammar’
VIIA5 Frantz Fanon (1925–61) from ‘On National Culture’
VIIA6 George Kubler (1912–96) from The Shape of Time
Symbol, Form, and Duration
Formal Sequences
Linked Solutions
Open and Closed Sequences
Intermittent Classes
VIIA7 Michel Foucault (1926–84) from The Order of Things
VIIA8 Edward Said (1935–2003) from Orientalism
VIIA9 Gilles Deleuze (1925–95) and Félix Guattari (1930–92) from Mille plateaux
VIIA10 Johannes Fabian (b. 1937) from Time and the Other
VIIB Exhibitions, Museums and Histories Reimagined. VIIB1 André Malraux (1901–76) from ‘Museum Without Walls’
VIIB2 Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) On the institution of the museum
VIIB3 Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) and Edward Steichen (1879–1973) from The Family of Man
Prologue
Introduction
VIIB4 Roland Barthes (1915–80) ‘The Great Family of Man’
VIIB5 Georges Bataille (1892–1962) ‘The Cradle of Humanity’
VIIB6 Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001) from the First World Festival of Black Arts
Negritude: A Humanism of the Twentieth Century
Musée Dynamique
VIIB7 Robert Farris Thompson (b. 1932) ‘Yoruba Artistic Criticism’
Contexts of Yoruba artistic criticism
The collapse of ‘Primitive Art’
Art as use – the pidgin English of American aesthetics
VIIB8 Ian Burn (1939–93) ‘Art is what we do, culture is what we do to other artists’
VIIB9 Linda Nochlin (1931–2017) from ‘The Imaginary Orient’
VIIB10 Luis Camnitzer (b. 1937) ‘Report from Havana: The First Biennial of Latin American Art’
VIIB11 William Rubin (1927–2006) from ‘Primitivism’ in 20thCentury Art
VIIB12 James Clifford (b. 1945) ‘Histories of the Tribal and the Modern’
VIIB13 Martin Bernal (1937–2013) from Black Athena
Notes
VIIC Beyond Modernism. VIIC1 David A. Siqueiros (1896–1974) ‘Towards a New Integral Art’
VIIC2 Kazuo Shiraga (1924–2008) ‘The Shaping of the Individual’
VIIC3 Ad Reinhardt (1913–67) ‘Timeless in Asia’
VIIC4 George Maciunas (1931–78) Fluxus Manifesto
VIIC5 Anni Albers (1899–1994) ‘Tapestry’
VIIC6 Hélio Oiticica (1937–80) from ‘General Scheme of the New Objectivity’ and ‘Tropicália’
General Scheme of the New Objectivity
Tropicália
VIIC7 María Teresa Gramuglio (b. 1939) and Nicolás Rosa (1938–2006) Tucumán Burns
VIIC8 Marshall McLuhan (1911–80) and Quentin Fiore (1920–2019) from War and Peace in the Global Village
VIIC9 Robert Smithson (1938–73) ‘Incidents of Mirror‐Travel in the Yucatan’
VIIC10 Nam June Paik (1932–2006) ‘Global Groove and the Video Common Market’
VIIC11 Joseph Beuys (1921–86) ‘Manifesto on the Foundation of a “Free International School for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research”’
CURRICULUM
INSTITUTES
VIIC12 Terry Smith (b. 1944) ‘The Provincialism Problem’
VIIC13 Robert Morris (1931–2018) ‘Aligned with Nazca’
VIIC14 Lothar Baumgarten (1944–2018) from ‘Conquering the Southern Continent in the Haze of a Sixpenny Cigar’
VIIC15 Alfredo Jaar (b. 1956) Statement
Notes
VIID Asserting Identity. VIID1 F. N. Souza (1924–2002) ‘Nirvana of a Maggot’
VIID2 James Baldwin (1927–87) ‘Princes and Powers’
VIID3 Uche Okeke (1933–2016) ‘Growth of an Idea’ and ‘Natural Synthesis’
Growth of an Idea
Natural Synthesis
VIID4 Aubrey Williams (1926–90) ‘The Predicament Of The Artist In The Caribbean’
VIID5 Larry Neal (1937–81) from ‘The Black Arts Movement’
VIID6 Frank Bowling (b. 1934) ‘It’s Not Enough to Say Black Is Beautiful’
VIID7 Faith Ringgold (b. 1930) Interview on For The Women’s House
VIID8 Papa Ibra Tall (1935–2015) ‘Negritude and Contemporary Plastic Art’
VIID9 Edward ‘Kamau’ Brathwaite (1930–2020) from Contradictory Omens
New cultural signals
Contradictory Omens
Contradictory Models
The Seed of the Plant
Conclusion. One
Two
Three
Four
Five
VIID10 Rasheed Araeen (b. 1935) ‘Preliminary Notes for a Black Manifesto’
VIID11 Ana Mendieta (1948–85) ‘Introduction’ to Dialectics of Isolation
VIID12 Isaac Julien (b. 1960) and Kobena Mercer (b. 1960) ‘De Margin and De Centre’
Notes
Part VIII. The Global Turn. Introduction
VIIIA Critical Revisions: Theory and History. VIIIA1 Rasheed Araeen (b. 1935) ‘Why Third Text?’
VIIIA2 Peter Wollen (b. 1938) ‘Tourism, Language and Art’
VIIIA3 Homi K. Bhabha (b. 1949) ‘The Postcolonial and the Postmodern’
VIIIA4 Arjun Appadurai (b. 1949) from Modernity at Large
VIIIA5 Michael Hardt (b. 1960) and Antonio Negri (b. 1933) from Empire
The Sociology of Immaterial Labor
Network Production
VIIIA6 Irit Rogoff (b. 1963) On visual culture
VIIIA7 Richard Bell (b. 1953) ‘Bell’s Theorem: Aboriginal Art – It’s a White Thing’
Western Art: Its Effect
Spirituality and Ethnocentricity
The Arts Centres
The Native Title Act
Anthropologists
Exploitation
Conclusion
VIIIA8 Dipesh Chakrabarty (b. 1948) from Provincializing Europe
VIIIA9 Immanuel Wallerstein (b. 1930) from World‐Systems Analysis
VIIIA10 James Elkins (b. 1955) from Is Art History Global?
VIIIA11 Partha Mitter (b. 1938) ‘Decentering Modernism’
VIIIA12 Fredric Jameson (b. 1934) from A Singular Modernity
VIIIA13 Aruna D’Souza Introduction to Art History in the Wake of the Global Turn
VIIIA14 Peter Weibel (b. 1944) ‘Modernity Reset: Renaissance 2.0’
MODERNITY RESET: RENAISSANCE 2.0
INFOSPHERE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THINGS INTO DATA AND BACK
Notes
VIIIB Diversity, Translation, Creolization and Identity. VIIIB1 Stuart Hall (1932–2014) ‘New Ethnicities’
VIIIB2 Édouard Glissant (1928–2011) ‘Creolisation and the Americas’
VIIIB3 Sonia Boyce and Manthia Diawara (b. 1962 and 1953 respectively) ‘The Art of Identity: A Conversation’
VIIIB4 Paul Gilroy (b. 1956) from The Black Atlantic
VIIIB5 Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez‐Peña (b. 1960 and 1955 respectively) Interview with Anna Johnson
Anna Johnson
Coco Fusco
Guillermo Gómez‐Peña
AJ
CF
GGP
CF
GGP
VIIIB6 Sarat Maharaj (b. 1951) ‘Perfidious Fidelity; the Untranslatability of the Other’
VIIIB7 Gordon Bennett (1955–2014) Letter to Jean‐Michel Basquiat
Dear Jean‐Michel Basquiat
Gordon Bennett 29 April 1998. VIIIB8 Antonio Benítez‐Rojo (1931–2005) ‘Three Words toward Creolization’
VIIIB9 Edward Said (1935–2003) ‘The Art of Displacement’
VIIIB10 Fred Wilson (b. 1954) and Kwame Anthony Appiah (b. 1954) ‘Fragments of a Conversation’
VIIIB11 Homi K. Bhabha (b. 1949) ‘Another Country’
VIIIB12 Yinka Shonibare (b. 1962) Interview with Bernard Müller
VIIIB13 Fiona Tan (b. 1966) ‘Other Facets of the Same Globe’
VIIIB14 Lubaina Himid (b. 1954) ‘We are Us not Other’
VIIIB15 Kara Walker (b. 1969) ‘A Sonorous Subtlety’: an interview with Kara Rooney
VIIIB16 Fred Moten (b. 1962) On the art of Chris Ofili, from ‘Blue Vespers’
Notes
VIIIC Global Art and the Museum. VIIIC1 Jean‐Hubert Martin (b. 1944) Preface to Magiciens de la terre
VIIIC2 Rasheed Araeen (b. 1935) from The Other Story
VIIIC3 Llilian Llanes Godoy (b. 1947) ‘Introduction’ to the Third Havana Biennial
VIIIC4 Luis Camnitzer (b. 1937), Jane Farver (1947–2015) and Rachel Weiss ‘Foreword’ to Global Conceptualism
VIIIC5 Salah M. Hassan (b. 1964) and Olu Oguibe (b. 1964) from Authentic/Ex‐Centric
VIIIC6 Okwui Enwezor (1963–2019) ‘The Black Box’
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AN AVANT‐GARDE TODAY? THE POSTCOLONIAL AFTERMATH OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE TERRIBLE NEARNESS OF DISTANT PLACES
GROUND ZERO OR TABULA RASA: FROM MARGIN TO CENTER
VIIIC7 Artforum Roundtable discussion on ‘Global Tendencies’
VIIIC8 Kwame Anthony Appiah (b. 1954) ‘Whose Culture Is It Anyway?’
The Patrimony Perplex
Culture™
Imaginary Connections
VIIIC9 Chin‐Tao Wu ‘Biennials Without Borders?’
VIIIC10 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (b. 1942) ‘Sign and Trace’
VIIIC11 Hans Belting (b. 1935) and Andrea Buddensieg ‘From Art World to Art Worlds’
VIIIC12 Clémentine Deliss (b. 1960) ‘Stored Code’ and ‘Foreign Exchange’
1.Stored Code
2.Foreign Exchange
Notes
VIIID Concerning the Contemporary. VIIID1 Geeta Kapur (b. 1943) ‘Contemporary Cultural Practice: Some Polemical Categories’
VIIID2 Slavoj Žižek (b. 1949) ‘Multiculturalism, or, the Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism’
The Logic of Capital
Multiculturalism
The Machine in the Ghost
VIIID3 Nicolas Bourriaud (b. 1965) from Relational Aesthetics
VIIID4 William Kentridge (b. 1955) Interview with Dan Cameron
VIIID5 Grant Kester ‘A Critical Framework for Dialogical Practice’
VIIID6 Terry Smith (b. 1944) from What Is Contemporary Art?
Asking the Question
World Currents
VIIID7 Hal Foster, Miwon Kwon, Chika Okeke‐Agulu, Alexander Alberro, Christopher P. Heuer, Matthew Jesse Jackson and Andrew Perchuk, Responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Contemporary’
Hal Foster – for the Editors
Miwon Kwon
Chika Okeke‐Agulu
Alexander Alberro
Christopher P. Heuer, Matthew Jesse Jackson and Andrew Perchuk
VIIID8 Ai Weiwei (b. 1957) ‘Epilogue’ to his blog
VIIID9 Francis Alÿs (b. 1959) ‘Francis Alÿs: A to Z’
C. Context/Coincidence
E. Event
F. Fable
G. Globalism
P. Poetic/Political
VIIID10 Romuald Hazoumè (b. 1962) Cargoland
VIIID11 Gerardo Mosquera (b. 1945) ‘Beyond Anthropophagy’
VIIID12 Xu Bing (b. 1955) ‘On Holding a Retrospective’
VIIID13 Doris Salcedo (b. 1958) ‘A Work in Mourning’
VIIID14 Hito Steyerl (b. 1966) ‘If You Don’t Have Bread, Eat Art!’
Alternative Currency
Degenerate Art
VIIID15 Art & Language (Michael Baldwin b. 1945, Mel Ramsden b. 1944) from Flags for Organisations
A flag for an organisation for which the following theses and principles are indispensable
A flag for an organisation for which the following theses and principles are indispensable
Notes
Bibliography
Copyright Acknowledgements
Index
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