Оглавление
Группа авторов. Invertebrate Histology
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Invertebrate Histology
List of Contributors
Foreword
1 Echinodermata
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Gross Anatomy
1.2.1 Keys for Dissection/Processing for Histology
1.3 Histology
1.3.1 Body Wall/Musculoskeletal System
1.3.2 Water Vascular System
1.3.3 Digestive System
1.3.4 Excretory System
1.3.5 Circulatory System (Hemal System or Axial Complex)
1.3.6 Immune System
1.3.7 Respiratory System
1.3.8 Nervous System
1.3.9 Reproductive System
1.3.10 Special Senses
References
2 Porifera
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Gross Anatomy
2.2.1 Keys for Dissection/Processing for Histology
2.3 Histology. 2.3.1 Particularity of Sponge Tissues
2.3.2 Bordering Tissues – Epithelia. 2.3.2.1 Pinacoderm
2.3.2.2 Choanoderm
2.3.3 Tissues of the Internal Environment
2.3.3.1 Supportive‐Connective Tissue
2.3.3.2 Protective‐Secretory Tissue
2.3.4 Loose Connective Tissues (Mesohyl)
2.4 Organ Systems
2.4.1 Body Wall – Ectosome
2.4.2 Aquiferous System
2.4.2.1 Types of Aquiferous System
2.4.2.2 Histology, Cell Types, Arrangement, Extracellular Structures. 2.4.2.2.1 Canals of Aquiferous System: Inhalant System
2.4.2.2.2 Choanocyte Chambers
2.4.2.2.3 Canals of Aquiferous System: Exhalant System
2.4.3 Skeleton
2.4.3.1 Inorganic Skeleton
2.4.3.2 Organic Skeleton
2.4.4 Reproductive System
2.4.4.1 Female
2.4.4.2 Male
2.4.4.3 Reproduction and Tissue
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations for Figures
References
3 Cnidaria
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Gross Anatomy. 3.2.1 General Characteristics
3.2.1.1 Anthozoan Specifics
3.2.1.2 Scyphozoan Specifics
3.2.1.3 Cubozoan Specifics
3.2.1.4 Hydrozoan Specifics
3.2.2 Keys for Dissection/Processing for Histology
3.3 Histology
3.3.1 Epithelium
3.3.1.1 Epidermis
3.3.1.1.1 Mucocyte
3.3.1.1.2 Cnidae
3.3.1.1.3 Granular Cell
3.3.1.2 Calicodermis
3.3.1.3 Axis
3.3.1.4 Gastrodermis
3.3.1.4.1 Zooxanthellae
3.3.1.4.2 Mucocytes in Gastrodermis
3.3.1.4.3 Mesenteries
3.3.1.4.4 Mesenterial Filaments and Cnidoglandular Band
3.3.2 Connective Tissue System: Mesoglea
3.3.2.1 Collagen Matrix
3.3.2.2 Mesogleal Pleat
3.3.3 Muscle
3.3.4 Nervous System
3.3.5 Immune System
3.3.6 Reproductive Cells
3.3.6.1 Sperm
3.3.6.2 Oocytes
3.3.6.3 Asexual Reproduction
3.3.7 Parasitic Myxozoa
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer
Appendix 3.1 Specimen Relaxation and Common Fixative Formulations
Appendix 3.2 Basic Histology Protocol for Processing Scleractinian Corals (refer to Price and Peters (2018) for more detailed techniques)
References
4 Mollusca: Gastropoda
4.1 Introduction. 4.1.1 Taxonomy
4.1.2 Life History. 4.1.2.1 Life Expectancy
4.1.2.2 Reproduction
4.1.2.3 Diet
4.1.3 Relevance
4.2 Gross Anatomy
4.3 Histology
4.3.1 Integument
4.3.2 Connective Tissue
4.3.3 Mantle
4.3.3.1 Hypobranchial Gland
4.3.4 Musculoskeletal
4.3.4.1 Foot
4.3.4.2 Columellar Muscle
4.3.5 Digestive System
4.3.5.1 Alimentary Canal. 4.3.5.1.1 Mouth and Radula
4.3.5.1.2 Esophagus
4.3.5.1.3 Stomach and Style Sac
4.3.5.1.4 Small Intestine and Rectum
4.3.5.2 Digestive Gland (Hepatopancreas)
4.3.5.3 Cerata
4.3.6 Excretory System
4.3.6.1 Kidney
4.3.6.1.1 Primary Ureter
4.3.6.1.2 Secondary Ureter
4.3.6.2 Nephridial Gland
4.3.7 Circulatory System
4.3.7.1 Heart
4.3.7.2 Pericardium
4.3.7.3 Hemolymphatic Vessels
4.3.8 Immune System
4.3.8.1 Hemocyte‐Producing Organ (HPO)
4.3.8.2 Hemocytes
4.3.9 Respiratory System
4.3.9.1 Gill (Ctenidium)
4.3.9.2 Lung
4.3.10 Nervous System
4.3.10.1 Nerves
4.3.10.2 Ganglia
4.3.11 Reproductive System
4.3.11.1 Gonad
4.3.11.1.1 Spermatogenesis
4.3.11.1.2 Oogenesis
4.3.11.2 Spermoviduct
4.3.11.3 Vas Deferens and Flagellum
4.3.11.4 Bursa Copulatrix
4.3.11.5 Dart Sac
4.3.11.6 Accessory Sex Glands (Nidamental Glands and Prostate)
4.3.12 Special Senses
4.3.12.1 Eye
4.3.12.2 Statocyst
4.3.12.3 Osphradium
4.4 Histology Processing Techniques (Table 4.1)
References
5 Mollusca: Cephalopoda
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Gross Anatomy. 5.2.1 General Characteristics
5.2.2 Keys for Dissection/Processing for Histology
5.3 Histology (Table 5.1) 5.3.1 Body Wall/Musculoskeletal System
5.3.1.1 Mantle and Integumentary Structures
5.3.1.2 Circumoral Appendages: Arms and Tentacles
5.3.2 Digestive System
5.3.2.1 Buccal Mass and Salivary Glands
5.3.2.2 Digestive Tube
5.3.2.3 Digestive Gland
5.3.2.4 Ink Sac Complex
5.3.3 Excretory System
5.3.3.1 Renal Appendages
5.3.3.2 Pancreatic Appendages
5.3.4 Circulatory System
5.3.4.1 Systemic Heart
5.3.4.2 Branchial Heart and Appendages
5.3.4.3 Vessels
5.3.4.4 Hemolymph
5.3.4.5 White Bodies
5.3.5 Immune System
5.3.6 Respiratory System
5.3.6.1 Gills
5.3.6.2 Branchial Gland
5.3.7 Nervous System
5.3.7.1 Central Nervous System
5.3.7.2 Peripheral Nervous System
5.3.8 Reproductive System
5.3.8.1 Female
5.3.8.2 Male
5.3.9 Special Senses
5.3.9.1 Eyes
Disclaimer
References
6 Mollusca: Bivalvia
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Gross Anatomy. 6.2.1 Larval Morphology
6.2.2 Adult Bivalve Gross Morphology. 6.2.2.1 General Body Plan Post Metamorphosis
6.2.2.2 Gastrointestinal System
6.2.2.3 Circulatory System
6.2.2.4 Excretory System
6.2.2.5 Reproductive System
6.2.2.6 Hydromuscular System and Connective Tissues
6.2.2.7 Neural and Sensory Systems. 6.2.2.7.1 Nervous System
6.2.2.7.2 Eyes
6.3 Histology (Table 6.1) 6.3.1 Integument
6.3.2 Mantle
6.3.3 Digestive System
6.3.4 Respiratory System
6.3.5 Circulatory System
6.3.6 Excretory System
6.3.7 Reproductive System
6.3.8 Sensory System. 6.3.8.1 Nerves
6.3.8.2 Eyes
6.3.8.3 Osphradium
6.3.9 Hydromuscular System and Viseral Connective Tissues. 6.3.9.1 Adductor Muscle
6.3.9.2 Foot
6.3.9.3 Siphon
6.3.9.4 Vesicular Cells
References
7 Annelida
7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Taxonomy
7.1.2 Life History. 7.1.2.1 Life Expectancy
7.1.2.2 Reproduction
7.1.2.3 Diet
7.1.3 Relevance
7.2 Gross Anatomy
7.3 Histology. 7.3.1 Body Wall. 7.3.1.1 Integument and Muscle Layers
7.3.1.2 Cuticle and Epidermis
7.3.1.3 Setae
7.3.1.4 Clitellum
7.3.2 Alimentary Canal
7.3.2.1 Oral Cavity
7.3.2.2 Pharynx
7.3.2.3 Esophagus and Calciferous Glands
7.3.2.4 Calciferous Gland in Posterior Part of Segment X
7.3.2.5 Calciferous Gland in Anterior Part of Segment XI
7.3.2.6 Calciferous Gland in Anterior Part of Segment XII
7.3.2.7 Crop
7.3.2.8 Gizzard
7.3.2.9 Midgut and Typhlosole
7.3.2.10 Hindgut
7.3.3 Excretory System
7.3.3.1 Podocytes
7.3.3.2 Metanephridium
7.3.3.2.1 Ciliated Funnel
7.3.3.2.2 Nephrotubule
7.3.4 Circulatory System
7.3.4.1 Blood Vessels
7.3.5 Immune System. 7.3.5.1 Hemocytes
7.3.5.1.1 Basophils
7.3.5.1.2 Acidophils
7.3.5.1.3 Neutrophils
7.3.5.1.4 Granulocytes
7.3.5.1.5 Chloragogen Cells
7.3.5.2 Parasites
7.3.6 Nervous System. 7.3.6.1 Ganglia
7.3.6.2 Giant Nerve Fibers
7.3.7 Reproductive System
7.3.7.1 Male Part
7.3.7.2 Testis and Seminal Vesicle – Spermatogenesis
7.3.7.3 Sperm Reservoir and Vas Deferens
7.3.7.4 Female Part: Seminal Receptacles
7.3.8 Histology Processing Techniques
References
8 Arthropoda: Arachnida
8.1 Introduction. 8.1.1 Taxonomy
8.1.2 Life History
8.1.3 Relevance for Conservation, Agriculture, Trade, Etc
8.2 Gross Anatomy
8.2.1 Dissection
8.3 Histology (Table 8.1) 8.3.1 Body Wall/Musculoskeletal
8.3.1.1 Cuticle
8.3.1.2 Epidermis
8.3.1.3 Connective Tissues
8.3.2 Digestive System
8.3.2.1 Oral Cavity
8.3.2.2 Pharynx, Esophagus, and Sucking Stomach
8.3.2.3 Midgut Tube and Midgut Diverticula
8.3.2.4 Stercoral Sac
8.3.3 Excretory System
8.3.3.1 Malpighian Tubules
8.3.3.2 Coxal Glands
8.3.4 Circulatory System
8.3.4.1 Heart
8.3.4.2 Hemolymph Vessels
8.3.5 Immune System
8.3.6 Respiratory System
8.3.6.1 Book Lungs
8.3.6.2 Tracheal Tube System
8.3.7 Nervous System
8.3.8 Reproductive System
8.3.8.1 Female Reproductive System
8.3.8.2 Male Reproductive System
8.3.9 Special Senses
8.3.9.1 Eyes
8.3.9.2 Cuticular Receptors
8.3.10 Special Organs. 8.3.10.1 Venom Gland
8.3.10.2 Silk Glands
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer
References
9 Arthropoda: Merostomata
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Gross Anatomy
9.2.1 Dissection
9.3 Histology. 9.3.1 Body Wall/Musculoskeletal
9.3.1.1 Cuticle
9.3.1.2 Epidermis and Dermis
9.3.1.3 Connective Tissues and Muscle
9.3.2 Digestive System
9.3.2.1 Hepatopancreas
9.3.2.2 Alimentary Tract
9.3.3 Excretory System
9.3.4 Circulatory System
9.3.4.1 Heart
9.3.4.2 Arteries
9.3.5 Immune System
9.3.6 Respiratory System
9.3.7 Nervous System
9.3.8 Reproductive System
9.3.8.1 Female Reproductive System
9.3.8.2 Male Reproductive System
9.3.9 Special Senses
9.3.9.1 Compound Eyes
9.3.9.2 Cuticular Receptors
Disclaimer
References
10 Arthropoda: Myriapoda
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Gross Anatomy
10.3 Histology
10.3.1 Body Wall/Musculoskeletal System
10.3.2 Integument
10.3.3 Parietal Fat Body
10.3.4 Skeletal Muscle
10.3.5 Digestive System
10.3.5.1 Glands
10.3.5.2 Alimentary Canal
10.3.5.3 Perivisceral Fat Body
10.3.6 Excretory System
10.3.6.1 Malpighian Tubules
10.3.6.2 Maxillary Nephridia
10.3.7 Circulatory System
10.3.7.1 Heart
10.3.7.2 Hemolymph Vessels
10.3.8 Immune System
10.3.9 Respiratory System
10.3.9.1 Spiracles
10.3.9.2 Tracheae
10.3.10 Nervous System
10.3.11 Reproductive System
10.3.11.1 Male Reproductive Tract
10.3.11.2 Female Reproductive Tract
10.3.12 Special Senses. 10.3.12.1 Eyes
10.3.12.2 Tömösváry Organ
10.3.12.3 Antennae
10.3.12.4 Coxal Organs
Disclaimer
References
11 Arthropoda: Decapoda
11.1 Overview
11.2 Gross Anatomy of Adults. 11.2.1 External Gross Anatomy
11.2.2 Internal Gross Anatomy
11.3 Histology. 11.3.1 Cuticle
11.3.2 Gastrointestinal Tract
11.3.3 Cardiovascular System
11.3.4 Hemocytes and Inflammation
11.3.5 Excretory System
11.3.6 Respiratory System
11.3.7 Neuroanatomy
11.3.8 Reproductive System
11.3.9 Special Senses
11.3.10 Endocrine System
Acknowledgments
References
12 Arthropoda: Insecta
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Gross Anatomy
12.2.1 Dissection
12.3 Histology. 12.3.1 Body Wall and Coelom
12.3.1.1 Exoskeleton
12.3.1.2 Epidermis
12.3.1.3 Epidermal Glands
12.3.1.4 Connective Tissues
12.3.1.5 Wings
12.3.1.6 Air Sacs
12.3.2 Digestive System
12.3.2.1 Foregut
12.3.2.2 Midgut
12.3.2.3 Hindgut
12.3.2.4 Fat Body
12.3.3 Excretory System
12.3.4 Circulatory System
12.3.4.1 Heartbeat Reversal
12.3.4.2 Pericardial Cells or Athrocytes
12.3.5 Immune System
12.3.6 Respiratory System
12.3.6.1 Spiracles
12.3.6.2 Tracheae
12.3.6.3 Tracheoles
12.3.6.4 Tracheal Gills
12.3.7 Nervous System
12.3.8 Reproductive System
12.3.8.1 Female Reproductive System
12.3.8.2 Male Reproductive System
12.3.9 Special Senses. 12.3.9.1 Eyes
12.3.9.2 Cuticular Receptors
12.3.10 Endocrine System. 12.3.10.1 Corpora Allata
12.3.11 Silk Glands
12.3.11.1 Labial Gland
12.3.11.2 Dermal Silk Gland
12.3.11.3 Malpighian Tubule‐Derived Silk Glands
12.3.11.4 Accessory Sex Gland
12.3.12 Venom Gland
Disclaimer
References
Index. a
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