Оглавление
Группа авторов. Mapping the Social Landscape
Mapping the Social Landscape
Mapping the Social Landscape
Contents
Preface
Changes to the Ninth Edition
Supplemental Learning Materials
Acknowledgments
About the Editor
Reading 1 The Promise
Reading 2 Teenage Wasteland: Suburbia’s Dead-End Kids
Notes
Reading 3 An Intersection Of Biography And History: My Intellectual Journey
An Exploratory Study. The Research Process
Historical Background
Profile of Chicana Household Workers
Paid and Unpaid Domestic Work
Notes
Reading 4 Theoretical Perspectives In Sociology
Functionalism
Symbolic Interactionism
Conflict Theory
Other Current Theories
References
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Reading 5 Manifesto Of The Communist Party
Reading 6 On Being Sane In Insane Places
Pseudopatients and Their Settings
The Normal Are Not Detectably Sane
The Stickiness of Psychodiagnostic Labels
The Consequences of Labeling and Depersonalization
Notes
Reading 7 Finding Out How The Social World Works
Advantages of Systematic Research
The Kinds of Questions We Can Ask
Interpreting the Answers to Empirical Questions
Mindful Skepticism
Partial Truth and Inevitable Uncertainty
Perpetual Inquiry and Conversation
Curiosity, Care, and Hope
Related Readings
Reading 8 Interpersonal Dynamics In A Simulated Prison
Method
Subjects
Procedure. Role Instructions
Physical Aspects of the Prison
Uniforms
Induction Process
Administrative Routine
Data Collection: Dependent Measures
Data Analysis: Video Recordings
Results
Representative Personal Statements
Debriefing Encounter Sessions
Conclusions and Discussion
Author’s Notes
References
Reading 9 Working At Bazooms: The Intersection of Power, Gender, and Sexuality
The Bazooms Workplace Environment
Job-Based Power. Formal Power
Informal Power
Gender
Behavior Rules
Appearance Rules
Emotional Labor
The Sexualized Workplace
Sexual Harassment and “Sex Joking”
Agency
Undermining and Challenging the Power Structure
Gender-Based Strategies
Counteracting and Co-opting Sexual Identities
Negotiation of Sexuality and Sexual Harassment
Conclusion
Notes
References
Reading 10 Culture: A Sociological View
Reading 11 Raising Global Children Across the Pacific
Cultivating Western Cultural Capital
Cultivating Ethnic Cultural Capital
Anxieties and Strategies
Recommended Resources
Reading 12 LOVELY HULA HANDS: Corporate Tourism and the Prostitution of Hawaiian Culture
Nā Mea Hawai‘i—Things Hawaiian
Author’s Note
Notes
Reading 13 “No Way my Boys are Going to be Like That!”: Parents’ Responses to Children’s Gender Nonconformity
Parents and the Social Construction of Gender
Doing Gender: Accomplishment and Accountability
Normative Conceptions of Masculinity: Hegemonic Masculinity
Data and Method. Participants and Interviewing
Responses to Gender Nonconformity
Domestic Skills, Nurturance, and Empathy
Icons of Femininity
Homosexuality
Mothers versus Fathers in the Accomplishment of Masculinity
Parental Motivations for the Accomplishment of Masculinity
Conclusion
References
Reading 14 Using Racial and Ethnic Concepts: The Critical Case of Very Young Children
The Research Approach
Using Racial and Ethnic Concepts to Exclude
Using Racial and Ethnic Concepts to Include
Using Racial and Ethnic Concepts to Define Oneself
Using Racial and Ethnic Concepts to Define Others
Using Racial Concepts to Control
Adult Misperceptions
Conclusion
References
Reading 15 Making It by Faking It: Working-Class Students in an Elite Academic Environment
Setting and Methodology
Feeling Out of Place
Faking It
Ambivalence
Resolving Ambivalence
Conclusion
Author’s Notes
Endnotes
References
Reading 16 Anybody’s Son Will Do
Endnotes
Reading 17 The Birth of the Intravidual
Endnotes
Reading 18 Peer Power: Clique Dynamics among School Children
Techniques of Inclusion
Recruitment
Application
Friendship Realignment
Ingratiation
Techniques of Exclusion
Out-Group Subjugation
In-Group Subjugation
Compliance
Stigmatization
Expulsion
Endnotes
References
Reading 19 Shopping as Symbolic Interaction: Race, Class, and Gender in the Toy Store
The Rules: Corporate Culture in Toy Stores
The “Ropes”: Shop Floor Culture
Interaction Breakdown: Social Control in the Toy Store
Conclusion
Author’s Note
References
Reading 20 From Nowhere: Space, Race, and Time in How Young Minority Men Understand Encounters with Gangs
Living in Gang-Ridden Neighborhoods
Making Sense of Space
Raced and Spaced Perceptions
Time in Raced and Spaced Perceptions
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Reading 21 Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture: Why Are Some Fraternities More Dangerous Places for Women?
Results. The Settings. Fraternity Parties
The Bar Scene
Gender Relations
Treatment of Women
Attitudes toward Rape
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Reading 22 Descent Into Madness: The New Mexico State Prison Riot
Background of the Riot
Overview of the 1980 Riot at the Penitentiary of New Mexico
Summary
References
Reading 23 Some Principles Of Stratification
The Functional Necessity of Stratification
The Two Determinants of Positional Rank
Differential Functional Importance
Differential Scarcity of Personnel
How Variations Are to Be Understood
Critical Response by Melvin Tumin
Endnote
Reading 24 Who Rules America?: The Corporate Community and the Upper Class
Prepping for Power
Social Clubs
The Female Half of the Upper Class
The Debutante Season
The Role of Volunteer
Marriage and Family Continuity
Endnotes
Reading 25 Race, Homeownership, And WealthRace, Homeownership, And Wealth
I. Why Wealth Matters
II. The Homeownership Foundation
III. The Asset Poverty Line
IV. The Racial Wealth Gap
V. Homeownership and Institutional Discrimination
Endnotes
References
Reading 26 Understanding The Dynamics Of $2-A-Day Poverty In The United Statesx
Data And Methods
Qualitative Methods
Quantitative Methods
Results. Case Study: Monique
Synthesis of Qualitative Findings
National Estimates From The SIPP
Characteristics of Children in $2-a-Day Poverty
Discussion
Endnotes
References
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Reading 27 Gender As Structure
Gendered Selves
Structure vs. Personality
Doing Gender
Gender as Social Structure
References
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Reading 28 Doing Gender, Determining Gender: Transgender People, Gender Panics, and the Maintenance of the Sex/Gender/Sexuality System
Conceptual Framework
Methods
Findings
Ideology Collision, Gender Panics, and Gender Naturalization Work
Genitals = Gender: Determining Gender in Women-Only Spaces
Separate and Unequal: Reproducing Gender Inequality in Gender-Segregated Spaces
Conclusion
Endnotes
References
Reading 29 “DUDE, YOU’RE A FAG”: Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse
What Is a Fag? Gendered Meanings
Becoming a Fag: Fag Fluidity
Racializing The Fag
Reframing Homophobia
References
Reading 30 Because She Looks Like A Child
One Girl Equals One Television
“I Don’t Want to Waste It, So I Take Her”
Millionaire Tiger and Billionaire Geese
Burmese Prostitutes
To Japan, Switzerland, Germany, the United States
Official Indifference and a Growth Economy
Endnotes
Reading 31 What Is Racial Domination?
What Is Race?
Symbolic Category
Phenotype or Ancestry
Social and Historical Contexts
Misrecognized as Natural
Ethnicity and Nationality
Five Fallacies about Racism
Racial Domination
Intersecting Modes of Domination
References
Reading 32 At A Slaughterhouse, Some Things Never Die
Tar Heel, North Carolina
Who Gets the Dirty Jobs
Blood and Burnout
$7.70 an Hour, Pain All Day
The Kill Floor
10,000 Unwelcome Mexicans
Living It, Hating It
“We Need a Union”
Reading 33 Out Of Sorts: Adoption and (Un)Desirable Children
Healthy, but …
International: Why Korea?
Discussion
Endnotes
References
Reading 34 Yearning For Lightness: Transnational Circuits in the Marketing and Consumption of Skin Lighteners
Skin Lightening and Global Capital
Consumer Groups and Market Niches. Africa and African Diaspora
African America
India and Indian Diaspora
Southeast Asia: The Philippines
East Asia: Japan, China, and Korea
Latin America: Mexico and the Mexican Diaspora
Multinational Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Firms and Their Targeting Strategies
Conclusion
Endnotes
References
Reading 35 The Power Elite
Reading 36 Bully Nation: How the American Establishment Creates a Bullying Society
Capital Bullying: Capitalism, Competition, and Winners versus Losers—How the Rich Bully the Poor
Bullying for Profit: Robber Barons Show How to Bully Workers and Make a Mint
Reading 37 The New Global Elite
The Winner-Take-Most Economy
The Road to Davos
A Nation Apart
The Backlash
Bridging the Divide
Reading 38 Must-See TV: South Asian Characterizations in American Popular Media
Introduction
South Asian immigration and assimilation
The racialization of South Asians
South Asian characterizations in American popular media and society
Conclusion
Notes
References
Reading 39 “It’s Dude Time!”: A Quarter Century of Excluding Women’s Sports in Televised News and Highlight Shows
The Gender in Televised Sports Study
A Deepening Silence
Lead Stories, Teasers, and Tickers
“It’s Dude Time”
The Unevenness of Social Change
References
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Reading 40 Dangerous pipelines, dangerous people: Colonial Ecological Violence and Media Framing of Threat in the Dakota Access Pipeline Conflict
Media Coverage, Repression, and Colonial Ecological Violence
Methods
Findings
Lawsuit/regulatory stage: questions and assurances
Lawsuit/regulatory stage: erasure and anomalies
Protest-as-risk: media framing from dangerous pipelines to dangerous people
Protest-as-pollution: paternalism and faux environmentalism
Treaties: the missing risk discourse
Conclusion
Notes
References
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Reading 41 Over the Counter: McDonald’s
McDonald’s
McFacts
You Deserve a Break Today: Conditions of Employment
Taking Hamburgers Seriously: Training Managers
Learning the Job
The Routine
Overview
Endnotes
References
Reading 42 Racializing the Glass Escalator: Reconsidering Men’s Experiences with Women’s Work
Theoretical Framework
Relationships with Colleagues and Supervisors
Suitability for Nursing and Higher-Status Work
Establishing Distance from Femininity
Data Collection and Method
Findings
Reception from Colleagues and Supervisors
Perceptions of Suitability
Refusal to Reject Femininity
Conclusions
Endnote
References
Reading 43 The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work
Author’s Note
Reading 44 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Reading 45 Religion and Society: Of Gods and Demons
The Classical View of Religion
Observable Patterns
Religious Institutions as Social Institutions
The Borderland between Faith and Reason
Endnotes
Reading 46 Racialization and Muslims
Religious Discrimination: Creating Social Hierarchies Based on Religious Differences
Racialization
Racialization of Arabs, Arab Americans, Muslims, and Muslim Americans. Arabs and Arab Americans
Muslims and Muslim Americans
Discussion: the Future of Racialization
References
Reading 47 Racism and Health: Pathways and Scientific Evidence
Mechanisms by Which Racism Can Affect Health and Evidence of Health Effects
Institutional Racism and Health
Cultural Racism and Health
Experiences of Discrimination
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Reading 48 Sand Castles and Snake Pits
Reading 49 A Slow, Toxic Decline: Dialysis Patients, Technological Failure, and the Unfulfilled Promise of Health in America
The Stroke Belt, the Diabetes Burden, and Dependence on Dialysis
Who Lives and Who Dies: Vulnerability and Technological Dependence in Historical Perspective
Endnotes
Reading 50 Civilize Them With A Stick
Reading 51 A School In A Garden
College and Class
Status Counts and Status Rivals
Physical Education
Hard Choices
Notes
Reading 52 Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity
Dreams
Nightmares
Open Endings
Notes
Reading 53 The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage
The Deinstitutionalization of Marriage
The Growth of Cohabitation
The Emergence of Same-Sex Marriage
Two Transitions in the Meaning of Marriage
The Current Context of Marriage
Why Do People Still Marry?
The Gains to Marriage
The Symbolic Significance of Marriage
How Low-Income Individuals See Marriage
Alternative Futures
Author’s Note
References
Reading 54 Promises I can Keep: Why Poor Women Put Motherhood Before Marriage
Romance at Lightning Speed
When I Became a Mom
I’d Like to Get Married, but …
These Are Cards I Dealt Myself
Promises I Can Keep
Recommended Resources
Reading 55 Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life
Methodology. Study Participants
Concerted Cultivation and Natural Growth
Developing Alexander Williams
Supporting the Natural Growth of Harold McAllister
Impact of Childrearing Strategies on Interactions with Institutions
Emerging Signs of Entitlement
Emerging Signs of Constraint
Why Does Social Class Matter?
Endnotes
References
Reading 56 Revolutions And Regime Change
Revolutions and Revolutionary Situations
Class Conflict and Revolution
Regimes and Revolution
References
Reading 57 Superstorm Sandy: Restoring Security at the Shore
Damage and Disruption to Daily Life
Ontological Security in a Risk Society
Conclusion: Everything That Dies, Some Day Comes Back
Notes
Reading 58 A New Political Generation: Millennials and the Post-2008 Wave of Protest
The Dreamers
Occupy Wall Street
The Movement against Campus Sexual Assault
Black Lives Matter
Conclusion
References
