Economics of G20

Economics of G20
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The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international body established to manage the global economy, and includes members from developing economies.This reference set examines the issues facing developing countries and studies the role that the G20 can play in light of continuing challenges and objectives to meet the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).Volume 1 sets out the state of the world economy and the intricate functions of the G20 in policy coordination and economic cooperation. It also deals with the interests and strategies of some developing country members of the G20. These chapters answer questions such as what the country expects from the G20, the strategies adopted to achieve its ends, the extent to which it sees itself as a representative of developing countries in its region and how does it seek to represent them.The G20 has also centred its efforts around helping countries achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Volume 2 concentrates on trade issues and the prospects of achieving the SDGs. In this context, it examines whether the SDGs themselves are a desirable goal in terms of what the nature of development is which underlies these goals.<b>Contents:</b> <ul><li>About the Editors-in-Chief</li><li>Acknowledgements</li><li>Introduction</li><li><b><i>Volume 1: Developing Countries and the Need for G20:</i></b><ul><li><b>Part 1 State of the World Economy and the Role of the G20:</b><ul><li>G20 and International Economic Coordination: Lessons from the Inter-War Years <i>(Manmohan Agarwal)</i></li><li>The Economic Situation of Countries in Sub-Saharan Countries: What Can Be Done by the G20? <i>(Manmohan Agarwal and Amrita Brahmo)</i></li><li>Latin America's Economic Performance: What Ails It? <i>(Manmohan Agarwal and Amrita Brahmo)</i></li><li>What Realistically Can the G20 Contribute to Development? <i>(Manmohan Agarwal and John Whalley)</i></li><li>The 2008&#x2013;2009 Crisis and Developing Countries <i>(Manmohan Agarwal and Adrita Banerjee)</i></li></ul></li><li><b>Part 2 Country Perspectives:</b><ul><li>Argentina, G20 and Beyond: The 'Outsider' Saga <i>(Aparajita Gangopadhyay)</i></li><li>Indonesia's Role in the G20: Assessing the Critical Link in the ASEAN Chain <i>(Shankari Sundararaman)</i></li><li>Saudi Arabia and the Millennium Development Goals <i>(P R Kumaraswamy and Md Muddassir Quamar)</i></li><li>Turkey, G20 and Global Governance: Aspiration and Limitation <i>(Anwar Alam)</i></li></ul></li><li>Index</li></ul></li><li><b><i>Volume 2: How Developing Countries can Achieve Sustainable Development Goals:</i></b><ul><li><b>Part I Trade:</b><ul><li>Which Way Forward? The Role of Free Trade for the Development of the World Economy <i>(Cora Jungbluth and Thie&#x03B2; Petersen)</i></li><li>China and Global Economic Governance <i>(Tian Huifang)</i></li></ul></li><li><b>Part II Sustainable Development Goals:</b><ul><li>Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals <i>(Manmohan Agarwal and Adrita Banerjee)</i></li><li>Guardian of the Common Good or National Power Projection? What Role for the G20 in the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development? <i>(Thomas Fues)</i></li><li>The G20 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development <i>(Imme Scholz and Clara Brandi)</i></li><li>The Potential of SDG-3 for Reducing Health Inequities: Across and Within Nations <i>(T Sundararaman and Alok Ranjan)</i></li><li>Universal Healthcare and Africa: Key Policy Challenges and the Role of G20 <i>(T C James)</i></li></ul></li><li><b>Part III Education:</b><ul><li>The Goals Concealed in the Goal Revealed: Taking Forward Global Education from SDG 4 <i>(Arshima Champa Dost)</i></li><li>Public Investment in Education and Out of School Children: The Case of India in South Asia <i>(Susmita Mitra and Manmohan Agarwal)</i></li></ul></li><li>Index</li></ul></li></ul><br><b>Readership:</b> Economists, researchers and scholars in international economics, developing economies and international economic governance, especially those studying the effect of the 2008 crisis on developing countries such as Africa and Latin America; researchers and political scientists in international political economy. G20;The 2008 Crisis and Developing Countries;Developing Countries and the G20;G20 and Sustainable Development;Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa;Economic Development in Latin America;Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)0<b>Key Features:</b><ul><li>No similar books are currently available; the book provides a detailed analysis of the expectations for developing countries from the G20 in meeting their sustainable development goals both in terms of growth and social achievements</li></ul>

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Группа авторов. Economics of G20

About the Editors-in-Chief

Acknowledgements

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1. G20 and International Economic Coordination: Lessons from the Inter-War Years

Introduction

Economic Performance after the 2008 Crisis

The World Economy During the Inter-War Years. Problems for Recovery after the War

Cooperation in Setting Up of Central Banks

Reparations

Attempts at International Cooperation to Stabilise the Economy. Genoa Conference

Section Cooperation after Genoa

Cooperation after the Onset of the Great Depression: The London Conference

Prospects for Cooperation at the G20

References

Chapter 2. The Economic Situation of Countries in Sub-Saharan Countries: What Can Be Done by the G20?

Introduction

African Economic Performance — Growth, Exports and the Current Account

Economic Performance by Export Orientation

Conclusions

References

Chapter 3. Latin America’s Economic Performance: What Ails It?

Introduction. Latin America’s Comparative Economic Performance

Performance of Individual Countries

Investment

Conclusions

Reference

Chapter 4. What Realistically Can the G20 Contribute to Development?*

Introduction and Background

What the G20 Has Done Thus Far on Development

Declarations of Purpose and Intent

What Has Been Achieved. Recovery of the World Economy

Implementation of Recommendations

The Future of Development Issues in the G20

Appropriateness as a Forum in the Future for Tackling Development Issues

Development Considerations and the Core G20 Work Stream

The Future of Development and the G20 Work Plan

Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. The 2008–2009 Crisis and Developing Countries

Introduction

Literature Survey

Regional Analysis

Individual Country Analysis

Spearman’s Rank Correlation

Comparative Analysis: Correlations

Conclusions

References

Chapter 6. Argentina, G20 and Beyond: The “Outsider” Saga

Introduction

A Background

Argentina and the G20: The Beginnings

Argentina, Brazil and Mexico: The Latin American “Caucus”

Argentina and G20 Presidency: Opportunities and Challenges

By Way of a Conclusion

References

Chapter 7. Indonesia’s Role in the G20: Assessing the Critical Link in the ASEAN Chain

Introduction

Why Indonesia’s Role is Critical?

Emergence of the G20 and Its Significance to Indonesia

Indonesia’s Transition to Democracy and Political Consolidation

Indonesia’s Contribution and Challenges in the G20

Primus Inter Peres of ASEAN in the G20

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8. Saudi Arabia and the Millennium Development Goals

Introduction

Social Development in Saudi Arabia

Poverty and Malnourishment

Universal Primary Education

Child and Maternal Healthcare

Gender Equality and Women Empowerment

Environmental Sustainability and Global Partnership

Analyses and Conclusion

References

Chapter 9. Turkey, G20 and Global Governance: Aspiration and Limitation

Introduction: A Brief Background to G20 and Turkey’s Entry to the Club

The Interplay of Islam, Turkish Nationalism and Globalisation: Implication for Turkey’s Interest into G20

Turkey’s Evolving Interest in G20 and Its Coordinating Structure

Turkey and G20: Approach, Objectives and Strategies

Limitations of Turkey’s Effective Participation in G20

Conclusion

References

Index

About the Editors-in-Chief

Acknowledgements

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1. Which Way Forward? The Role of Free Trade for the Development of the World Economy

Introduction: Free Trade at a Crossroads

Evolution of the Current World Trade Order: Multilateralism versus Regional Free Trade Agreements

The Growth and Distribution Effects of International Trade

General Growth Effects of International Trade

Key Impacts of International Trade on Industrialised Countries

The Role of Technological Progress

Interim Conclusion for Industrialised Countries

Key Impacts of International Trade on Emerging and Developing Countries

Interim Conclusion for Emerging and Developing Countries

Basic Conditions for Fair World Trade

Removal of Discriminatory Trade Restrictions

Market Transparency

Same Level of Information for All Participants in the Market

Internalisation of Negative External Effects

Free Trade Must Take Account of Market Boundaries

Fair Distribution of Increases in Income between the Participating Countries

Fair Distribution of Increases in Income within the Participating Countries

Compensation for the Loss of Income in Third Countries

No “Race to the Bottom”

Participation in Free Trade Presupposes Corresponding Production Capacity

Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2. China and Global Economic Governance

The Evolution of Global Economic Governance and the Group Rise of Emerging Economy

China’s Participation in Global Economic Governance in Early Period

Recent Progress of China’s Participation in Global Economic Governance. Improve the Idea for China’s Participation in Global Governance

Ways and recent Progress of China’s Participation in Global Economic Governance

Challenges Facing China Participation in Global Economic Governance. Rising Difficulties in Governing Global Issues

Rising Deficits in Global Governance

Insufficient Governance Capability of China

Suggestions on China’s Further Participation in Global Governance. Make Full Use of the two Multilateral Governance Platforms (UN and G20) to Further Improve the Effectiveness of Existing Governance Mechanisms

Establish Diversified Global Governance Actors and Reasonable Governance Structure Guided by New-Type Relations among Major Powers

Deeply Integrate BRI with Agenda of Global Sustainable Development, and Innovate International Development Governance

Promote the Internationalisation of China’s Governance Concepts and Ideas

Strengthen Capacity Building of China in Global Economic Governance

References

Chapter 3. Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Introduction

Progress on MDGs in the Regions and Prospects for the SDGs. Poverty. Progress towards the MDGs

Prospects for achieving the SDGs

Malnutrition. Progress towards the MDGs

Prospects for achieving the SDGs

Mortality Rates. Progress towards the MDGs

Prospects for achieving the SDGs

The Performance of Developing Country Members of the G20

Poverty. Achievement of the poverty MDG

Prospects for achieving the SDGs

Malnutrition. Achievement of the malnutrition MDG

Prospects for achieving the SDG for malnutrition

Mortality Rates: Achievement of the Mortality MDGs and Prospects for Achieving the Mortality SDGs

Conclusions

References

Chapter 4. Guardian of the Common Good or National Power Projection? What Role for the G20 in the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development?

Introduction

G20 and the 2030 Agenda

T20 Policy Briefs

Additional Proposals

BRICS Commitment

G20 Support to Developing Countries

International Development Cooperation

Partnership with Africa

Conclusions and Way Forward

Development Cooperation for SDG 17

Cross-border Spillovers

References

Chapter 5. The G20 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Introduction

The 2030 Agenda: Origins and Main Features

Challenges of Implementation

The G20 and the 2030 Agenda

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6. The Potential of SDG-3 for Reducing Health Inequities: Across and Within Nations

Introduction

The MDGs and the SDGs with Respect to Health Goals

Health Inequities Across Nations

Social Determinants and Health Inequities

Policy Implications of the Acceptance of the SDG Health Goals

The Indian Road Map to Achieving SDG Health Goals

The Ayushman Bharat Proposal — New Expectations and New Concerns

Action at the Community, Family and Individual Level

Measuring Progress towards SDGs on Health

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7. Universal Healthcare and Africa: Key Policy Challenges and the Role of G20

Sustainable Development Goals

Health: Current Status

Maternal Mortality

New Born and Child Mortality

Epidemics and Communicable Diseases

Non-communicable Diseases

Challenges and Responses

Universal Healthcare

Health Expenses

Critical Areas

Innovation and access to new technologies

Related Sectors

Way Forward

Special Focus Sectors and Areas

Africa: Health Status

Africa: Disease Burden

Africa: Health Workforce

G20 and Health

G20 and Africa

Policies and Strategies

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 8. The Goals Concealed in the Goal Revealed: Taking Forward Global Education from SDG 4

Introduction

The SDG Vision of an Educated World

SDG 4 and Previous International Goals on Education

Indicators to Achieve Only What We Can Measure

The Financial Prioritisation and Legal Status of Education

The Goals Concealed in the Goal Revealed: The Challenges of Setting an Agenda for the Whole World

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9. Public Investment in Education and Out of School Children: The Case of India in South Asia

Importance of Education and the Role of Public Investment

Education in Developing Country Regions

Public Investment in Education and Out of School Children in South Asia

Out of School Children in India

Public Expenditure on Education in India: Ups and Downs and Consequences8

Development of the Education System in India after Independence

Developments in Education Since 1980

Concluding Comments

References

Data sources

Index

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To our students with their questioning spirit that has kept us fresh and interested

Professor Manmohan Agarwal is the Reserve Bank Chair at the Centre for Development Studies at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Earlier, he had retired as a professor from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, where he taught for almost 30 years. Subsequently, he was a senior fellow at the CIGI at Waterloo, Canada, where he worked on issues of the world economy including the G20 and South–South cooperation. He is also a Senior Fellow at Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries, New Delhi, and an Adjunct Senior Fellow with the Institute of Chinese Studies. He also worked for a number of years at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. His research has been mainly in the area of International Economics and Development Economics.

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The main role we envisage for the G20 is for leaders to exchange views about how they see their economies evolving. In particular, they can inform their peers how policy in their country is likely to be so that other countries can base their policies on a proper assessment of policies in other countries and would not be faced by surprises. A recovery of the world economy would have to depend on what is the right model of the world economy and what role there is in it for policy.

Agarwal, M. (2017). The Operation of the Gold Standard in the Core and the Periphery Before the First World War, Centre for Development Studies WP 473, Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

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