Оглавление
Группа авторов. Biobased Composites
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Biobased Composites. Processing, Characterization, Properties, and Applications
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Introduction to Biobased Composites
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biodegradable Materials
1.3 Polymers in Tissue Engineering
1.4 Environmental Realization
1.4.1 Green Biomass‐based Composites
1.4.2 Selection Considerations
1.4.2.1 Materials Implementation Requirements
1.4.2.2 Material Cost
1.5 Biomass Composites Characteristics and Testing
1.6 Life‐cycle Assessment
1.7 Conclusions
References
2 Processing Methods for Manufacture of Biobased Composites
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biobased Materials
2.3 Processing Methods
2.4 Fabrication Techniques of Biobased Composites
2.4.1 Solvent Casting and Particulate Leaching
2.4.2 Emulsion Freeze Drying
2.4.3 Electrospinning
2.4.4 Blow Film Extrusion
2.4.5 3D Printing
2.5 Fillers and Reinforcements Used in the Preparation of Biobased Composites
2.5.1 Biobased Fillers/Reinforcements with Non‐biobased Polymers
2.5.2 Non‐biobased Fillers/Reinforcements with Biobased Polymers
2.5.3 Biobased Filler/Reinforcement and Biobased Polymer
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Physicochemical Analysis of Biobased Composites
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Performance of Biocomposites
3.2.1 Tensile Properties
3.2.2 Flexural Properties
3.2.3 Impact Properties
3.2.4 Creep
3.2.5 Brittleness and Ductility
3.2.6 Toughness
3.3 Physicochemical Properties
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Characterization of Biobased Composites
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Conception of Composites
4.3 Classification of Biocomposites
4.4 Materials for the Synthesis of Biobased Composites
4.4.1 Biopolymers as Matrix of Green Composites
4.4.2 Fibers as Natural Reinforcement
4.5 Challenges of the Introduction of Natural Fiber
References
5 Mechanical, Thermal, Tribological, and Dielectric Properties of Biobased Composites
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Characterization of Biobased Composites
5.3 Factors Influencing Various Properties of the Biobased Composites
5.3.1 Constituents of Biobased Composites
5.3.2 Fabrication Techniques of Biobased Composites
5.3.3 Aging and Their Impact on the Composite Properties
5.4 Mechanical Properties of Biobased Composites
5.5 Thermal Properties of Biobased Composites
5.5.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biobased Composites
5.5.2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Biobased Composites
5.6 Tribological Properties of Biobased Composites
5.7 Dielectric Properties of Biobased Composites
5.8 Conclusions
References
6 Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Flame Retardants
6.1.2 Types of Flame Retardants
6.2 Types of Biobased Polymer Composites Used in a Flame‐Retardant Application
6.3 Role and Effect of Natural Byproducts on the Flame‐Retardant Behavior of a Biocomposite
6.3.1 Flammability of Biochar Reinforced Biocomposites
6.3.2 Commonly Used Agro‐wastes to Improve the Flame Retardancy of a Biocomposite
6.4 Role and Effect of Biobased Natural Fibers on the Flammability of a Biocomposite
6.5 Summary
References
7 Failure Mechanisms of Biobased Composites
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Fiber Reinforcements in Biobased Composites
7.1.2 Fiber Failures
7.1.2.1 Fiber–Matrix Debonding
7.1.2.2 Fiber Pullout
7.1.2.3 Tear Type Failure
7.1.3 Fiber Pretreatments. 7.1.3.1 Defibration
7.1.3.2 Surface Modification
7.1.3.3 Coupling Agent
7.2 Matrix Materials for Biobased Composites
7.2.1 Matrix Failure
7.2.2 Matrix Treatment
7.3 Trends in Biobased Composites
7.3.1 Wood Plastic Composites
7.3.1.1 Failure in WPC
7.3.2 Hybrid Combination
7.4 Adapted Manufacturing Technologies
7.4.1 Injection Molding
7.4.2 Liquid Composite Molding
7.5 Other Failure Criteria
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Recent Advances and Technologies of Biobased Composites
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Recent Advances on Biobased Matrices
8.2.1 Carbohydrate‐Based Matrices
8.2.2 Plant Oil‐Based Matrices
8.2.3 Biobased Polyester Matrices
8.2.4 Natural Rubber
8.2.5 Collagen
8.3 Recent Advances on Biobased Reinforcements
8.3.1 Biobased Fiber Reinforcements
8.3.2 Wood Biochar‐Based Reinforcements
8.3.3 Biobased Nanocomposite Reinforcements. 8.3.3.1 Cellulose Nanocomposites
8.3.3.2 Other Nanocomposites
8.4 Recent Advances on Biobased Composite Processing
8.4.1 Extrusion and Injection Molding Techniques
8.4.2 Wet Lay‐Up Techniques
8.4.3 3D Printing of Biobased Composites
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Biocomposites for Energy Storage
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamental Concepts. 9.2.1 Background
9.3 Selection Parameters for Biocomposites
9.3.1 Host Response and Biocompatibility
9.3.2 Biofunctionality
9.3.3 Functional Tissue Structure and Pathobiology
9.3.4 Toxicology
9.3.5 Design and Manufacturability
9.3.6 Mechanical Properties
9.3.7 Corrosion Resistance
9.3.8 Wear and Fatigue Resistance
9.4 Biocomposites for Energy Storage
9.5 Bioinspired Composite Materials
9.6 Bioinspired Composites for Energy Storage
9.7 Enzyme‐Based Materials
9.8 Biosensing/Bioimaging Applications
9.9 Conclusion
References
10 Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of A Biobased Composite with Sisal Powder
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Biobased Composites
10.3 Polyester Matrix Composites
10.4 Manufacture of Composites
10.5 Physical–Mechanical Tests
10.6 Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties
10.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
11 Physico‐Mechanical Properties of Biobased Composites
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Biobased Fibers
11.1.2 Biobased Matrices
11.2 Physico‐Mechanical Property of the Biobased Composites
11.2.1 Density of Biobased Composites
11.2.2 Mechanical Properties of Biobased Composites
11.3 Applications of Biobased Composites
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Synthesis and Utilization of Biodegradable Polymers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Synthesis Techniques of Biodegradable Polymers. 12.2.1 By Modifying Natural Polymers
12.2.2 Polymers Synthesized by Chemicals
12.2.3 Polymers Synthesized by Microorganisms
12.2.4 Synthesis by Enzymes
12.2.5 Synthesis by Chemo‐Enzymes
12.3 Biodegradable Polymers and Their Synthesis. 12.3.1 Starch
12.3.2 Polylactic Acid
12.3.3 Polycaprolactone
12.3.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates/Polyhydroxybutyrate
12.3.5 Starch–Polyolefin Blends
12.3.6 Starch–Polyester Blends
12.3.7 Starch–PLA Blends
12.4 Applications of Biopolymers in Industries
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Forecasts of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites and Its Degradability Concerns – A Review
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Recent Trends of Natural Fiber Production from Plants
13.3 Magnitude of Natural Fibers at this Juncture
13.4 Constraints and Competence of Natural Fibers
13.5 Degradability of Polymeric Natural Fiber Composites
13.6 Marine Application of Natural Fiber Composites and Its Degradation
13.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
14 Biofibers and Biopolymers for Biocomposites – in the Eyes of Spectroscopy
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Polylactic Acid
14.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates
14.1.3 Polycaprolactone
14.2 Characterization
14.2.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy
14.2.1.1 Morphological Inspection by SEM
14.2.1.2 Degree of Adhesion by SEM
14.2.1.3 Water Absorption of Composites by SEM
14.2.2 Optical Microscopy
14.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy
14.2.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy
14.2.5 Spectroscopic Techniques
14.2.5.1 NMR Analysis
14.2.5.2 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)
14.2.5.3 Acoustic Emission Spectrometry
14.3 Conclusions
References
15 Environmental Impact Study on Biobased Composites Using Lifecycle Methodology
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Lifecycle Assessment
15.2.1 Goal and Scope
15.2.2 Inventory Data
15.2.3 Impact Assessment
15.2.4 Interpretation
15.3 Simplified Case Study
15.4 Goal and Scope
15.5 System Boundary
15.6 Inventory Analysis
15.7 Impact Assessment
15.8 Results
15.8.1 Normalization
15.9 Conclusion
References
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