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Группа авторов. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology
WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY
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THE WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANION TO Medical Sociology. EDITED BY. WILLIAM C. COCKERHAM
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Medical Sociology and Its Changing Subfields
PREVIOUS SUBFIELD MODELS
A NEW FOUR SUBFIELD MODEL
Social Epidemiology
Social Psychology of Health and Illness
Sociology of Medicine
Sociology in Medicine
KEY CONTRIBUTIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
References
2 Medical Sociology and Sociological Theory
TALCOTT PARSONS AND EMILE DURKHEIM
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION
CONFLICT THEORY
MAX WEBER
CRITICAL THEORY AND JÜRGEN HABERMAS
OTHER THEORIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Michel Foucault
Social Constructionism
Medicalization/Biomedicalization
Feminist Theory
Pierre Bourdieu
Life Course Theory
The Stress Process
Fundamental Cause Theory
Critical Realism
CONCLUSION
References
3. Research Methods in Medical Sociology
INTRODUCTION
DATA REIGN
Data Collection
METHODS FOR ANALYZING DATA
Quantitative Methods
Measurement
Answering Descriptive Research Questions
Answering Causal Research Questions
Strategies for Estimating Causal Effects
Qualitative Methods
Special Topics in Qualitative Methods
CONCLUSION
References
4. Health and Culture in the Global Context
DEFINING CULTURE
The Classics
Main Contemporary Research Trends
CULTURE AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR
Culture and Preventive Health Behavior
Culture and Illness Behavior
Culture and Sick-Role Behavior
CULTURE AND HEALING SYSTEMS
THE PERVASIVENESS OF CULTURE
References
5 Bioethics
INTRODUCTION
THE BIRTH OF BIOETHICS IN THE US
The Pragmatic Triumph of Autonomy
Bioethics as an American Product
SOCIOLOGY AND BIOETHICS
CONCLUSION
Notes
References
6 The Sociology of the Body
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE BODY
Social Regulation of Bodies
BODIES IN LATE MODERN SOCIETIES
Flexible Immunity Bodies
The Body as a Project
Bio-value and Virtual Bodies
SOCIOLOGY OF EMBODIMENT
Phenomenology: The “Lived Body”
THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE BODY: SOME ILLUSTRATIVE ISSUES. Illness and Lived Bodies
Body Work
Embodiment Inequalities in Health
CONCLUSION
References
7 Biomedicalization Revisited
THE CONCEPT OF BIOMEDICALIZATION
THE CAREER OF BIOMEDICALIZATION. Related Concepts: The Four “Izations”
Journal Special Issues on Biomedicalization Topics
BIOMEDICALIZATION IN PRACTICE
Biomedicalization and the Media
Biomedicalization and Biomedical Technologies
Algorithmic Care: AI, Electronic Health Records, and Predictive Technologies
Biomedical Technologies and the Expanding Clinic
Biomedical Technologies in the Lab
Biomedicalization, Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health
Stratified Biomedicalization In/of Precision Medicineand Precision Public Health
CONCLUSIONS: CURRENT ISSUES IN BIOMEDICALIZATION
Stratified Biomedicalization and COVID-19
Biomedicalization, the Environment and Climate Change
Notes
References
8 Health Lifestyles
THE AGENCY-STRUCTURE DEBATE
MAX WEBER AND PIERRE BOURDIEU: BRINGING BACK STRUCTURE. Weber
Bourdieu
A HEALTH LIFESTYLES MODEL
Class Circumstances
Age, Gender, and Race/ethnicity
Collectivities
Living Conditions
Socialization and Experience
Life Choices (Agency)
Life Chances (Structure)
Choice and Chance Interplay
Dispositions to Act (Habitus)
Completing the Model
CONCLUSION
References
9 The Life Course Perspective
THE LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE
LIFE COURSE PRINCIPLES AND THEIR APPLICATION
Dynamics of the Individual Life Course
Medical Sociology and the Individual Life Course
Meso-level Context and Medical Sociology
At the Macro Level
Medical Sociology and the Macro-level Context
A LIFE COURSE LENS
References
10 Social Capital and Health
SOCIAL CAPITAL: FOUR THEORETICAL APPROACHES. Bourdieu: Exclusive Resources from Durable Networks
LIN: RESOURCES EMBEDDED IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
COLEMAN: FUNCTIONAL SOCIAL-STRUCTURAL RESOURCES
PUTNAM: FACILITATING FEATURES OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
SUMMARY: A TALE OF TWO SCHOOLS
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH: THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE. Bourdieu: Inconsistent Applications
LIN: RIGOROUS APPLICATIONS AND EXTENSION
COLEMAN: NEIGHBORHOOD, FAMILY, AND WORKPLACE
PUTNAM: EXPANSIVE APPLICATIONS AND MIXED EVIDENCE
SIMULTANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF DIVERSE APPROACHES
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
References
11 Health and Social Class
INTRODUCTION
CONCEPTUALIZING HEALTH AND CLASS. Social Class/Socioeconomic Status
Conceptualizing Health
Concerns with Causality
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
Material Resources and Material Deprivation
Inequality and Relative Deprivation
Neighborhood SES
Human Capital
Social Capital and Social Relationships
Cultural Capital
Diffusion of Innovation
Fundamental Causes
Life Course
DISCUSSION
References
12. Health and Gender
FROM “WOMEN’S HEALTH” TO “GENDER AND HEALTH”
INTERNATIONAL VARIATIONS IN LONGEVITY
Changes in Life Expectancy in the Affluent West: A Reducing Gap
Changes in Life Expectancy in Eastern Europe
THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
CONCLUSION
References
13 Health, Ethnicity, and Race
SLAVERY AND MIGRATION
EMPIRE AND MIGRATION
CULTURE
DEFINING THE TERMS OF THE DISCUSSION: WHAT DO “ETHNICITY” AND “RACE” MEAN?
OFFICIAL DATA ON ETHNIC AND RACIAL CATEGORIES
OFFICIAL DATA
US OFFICIAL DATA
UK OFFICIAL DATA
INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH IN THE US AND UK
EXPLAINING ETHNIC/RACIAL INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH
EXPERIENCE AND USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
MIGRANT AND MINORITY STAFF IN THE HEALTH SERVICES
CONCLUSION
References
14 African American Health
WHO ARE AFRICAN AMERICANS?
A SOCIOLOGY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HEALTH?
THE HEALTH OF BLACK AMERICANS WITHIN A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK
Structural Explanations
Social Psychological Explanations
HEALTH PATTERNS WITHIN THE BLACK AMERICAN POPULATION
Socioeconomic Status
Gender
Nativity and Ethnicity
Sexual Minority Status
IS MENTAL HEALTH AN EXCEPTION TO THE RULE?
CONCLUSION
Notes
References
15 Latinos and Equity in Health Care Access in the US
HEALTH CARE COVERAGE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE
CHILDREN UNDER 18
ADULTHOOD: HIGH VULNERABILITY
MATURITY: INCOMPLETE UNIVERSAL COVERAGE
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURAL AND INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS
EDUCATION
EMPLOYMENT
INCOME AND WEALTH
IMMIGRATION STATUS
SYSTEM-LEVEL BARRIERS
LONGER LIVES BUT SICKER LIVES
CONCLUSION
References
16 Social Policies and Health Inequalities
SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH
SOCIAL POLICIES AND HEALTH INEQUALITIES. Early Life
Policy Implications
Housing
Policy Implications
Education
Policy Implications
Employment
Unemployment
Work Conditions
Policy Implications
Income
Policy Implications
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIAL POLICY AND HEALTH INEQUALITIES. Structural Determinants of Health Inequalities
Gender
Racism
Social Class
Intersectionality
CHALLENGES OF ENACTING HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY
Notes
References
17 Health and the Family
HOW FAMILY STRUCTURE MATTERS FOR HEALTH
HOW THE CONTENT OF FAMILY TIES MATTERS FOR HEALTH
THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE NON-EXISTENT WAYS FAMILIES MATTER FOR HEALTH
SOCIAL LOCATIONS OF FAMILIES SHAPE HOW, WHEN, AND WHY THEY MATTER FOR HEALTH
IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE
CONCLUSION
References
18. Health and Religion
POPULATIONS
PRACTICES
POLITICS
PARTNERSHIPS
CONCLUSION
References
19. Migration and Health
SELECTION AND DURATION EFFECTS
Selection of Healthy Migrants
Health Deterioration with Duration
HETEROGENEITY IN MIGRANT HEALTH RESEARCH
Variation Across Migrant Populations
Variation Across and Within Cohorts
Variation Across Destination Contexts
MOVING MIGRANT HEALTH RESEARCH UPSTREAM
Immigration Policy
Immigrant Integration Policy
Racialized Discrimination
Transnational Social Ties
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
References
20 Mental Health
CONCEPTUALIZING AND OPERATIONALIZING MENTAL HEALTH AND ILLNESS
SOCIAL CONTEXT, STATUS, AND STRESS1
MENTAL HEALTH CARE AND TREATMENT
Medicalization of “Normal” Mental Health Problems
Recovery and Empowerment
Social Control Imperatives
Mental Health Policy and Stigma
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
Note
References
21 Emerging Infectious Diseases
FORGOTTEN PRECEDENTS AND EMERGENCE OF EMERGING INFECTIONS
FROM EMERGING TO CONVERGING INFECTIONS IN THREE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS
New Infections: Coronaviruses and Chronic Degenerative Diseases
Resurging Infections: Tuberculosis and Diabetes
Drug Resistant Infections: MRSA, Long Term Care, and The
Aging Societies, Urbanization, and Poverty
Conclusion
Note
References
22. Beyond the Lost Self
Evolution of the Field
CURRENT LANDSCAPE
EMERGING AREAS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
References
23 Health Professions and Occupations
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF PROFESSIONS IN HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE
Professions and Professionalization
Professions and Identity
Deprofessionalization and Countervailing Power
AN ANALYSIS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS AT TWO LEVELS OF SCALE
Professions in Contest: Physicians, Nurses, and Physician Assistants
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION
CONCLUSION
Notes
References
24 Doctor–Patient Relationship
MEDICAL PATERNALISM IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
A TRANSFORMING HEALTH CARE LANDSCAPE: NEW IDENTITIES FOR PATIENTS AND PROVIDERS
THE RISE OF PATIENT CONSUMERISM
THE SHIFT TO PATIENT-CENTERED CARE
TECHNOLOGY AND THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
Patients’ Internet-Use: The Implications of Too Much Information
Digitized Patients: An Expectation in the 21st Century
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO NEW PATIENT IDENTITIES
Notes
References
25 Complementary and Alternative Medicine
DEFINING CAM
SITUATING CAM HISTORICALLY
CAM TODAY
ENTRY INTO MAINSTREAM MEDICINE
WHO USES CAM?
WHY DO PEOPLE TURN TO CAM? Dissatisfaction with Conventional Medicine
The Appeal of Holism
Pragmatic Mixing and Matching
Well-being
The Neoliberal Ethos and CAM
CAM and Class
Gender and CAM
Good Practitioner
SOCIOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE HEALING PRODUCED THROUGH CAM
Healing Bodies, Feeing Bodies
CAM and Recognition
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS: CAM AS CULTURALLY RESONANT, EVEN WHILE INSTITUTIONALLY MARGINAL
References
26 American Health Care System
THE RISE OF A HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN THE US
END OF UNQUESTIONED MEDICAL PROFESSION DOMINANCE
HEALTH CARE REFORM OF THE 1990S: MANAGED CARE, ITS BACKLASH AND TRANSFORMATION
THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT: IMPLEMENTATION,ONGOING REFORMS AND APPEALS
REMAINING CHALLENGES IN THE AMERICAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Challenge 1: Covering the Uninsured Population
Challenge 2: Improving Health Outcomes
Challenge 3: Controlling Costs: Health Care Spending inComparative Perspective
Challenge 4: Reinforcing the “New Professional Ethic” forHealth Care Clinicians
Challenge 5: Facing Threats to Global Health
CONCLUSION
References
27. The British Healthcare System
NEOLIBERALISM
NEW MANAGERIALISM
CONSUMERISM
MIXED ECONOMY OF HEALTH CARE
CONCLUSION
Notes
References
28 The Chinese Health Care System
THE CURRENT CONFIGURATION OF CHINA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. Health Care Providers
The Financing of Health Care
Traditional Chinese Medicine
THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: 1949–NOW
The Establishment of a Centralized Health Care System: 1949–1978
The Disintegration and Transformation of the Centralized Health Care System: 1978–2003
RECENT REFORMS OF CHINA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: 2003–PRESENT
The Expansion of Social Health Care Insurance Programs
Building Primary Health Care Based Referral System
Public Hospital Reforms
Reforming Professional Training: Standardizing Residency Training
DISCUSSION
References
Author Index
Subject Index
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