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Группа авторов. Water, Climate Change, and Sustainability
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Water, Climate Change, and Sustainability
CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
1 Localizing and Mainstreaming Global Initiatives on Water, Climate Change and Sustainable Development
ABSTRACT
1.1 SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES AND GLOBAL INITIATIVES
1.2 EVOLUTION OF WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE AS GLOBAL AGENDAS
1.2.1 Evolution of Water as a Global Agenda
1.2.2 Evolution of Climate Change as a Global Agenda
1.3 FORMULATION AND GOVERNANCE OF SDGS
1.4 INTERDEPENDENCY OF SDGS WITH WATER
1.5. CONSIDERATIONS FOR ACHIEVING THE SDGS
REFERENCES
2 A River Basin Approach for the Coordinated Implementation of Water Related Targets in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
ABSTRACT
2.1. INTRODUCTION
2.2. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORKS FOR SDGS
2.3. INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR WATER RELATED TARGETS OF SDGS
2.4. INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT FOR SDG6 IMPLEMENTATION
2.5. READINESS FOR IMPLEMENTING WATER‐RELATED SDGS: THE CASE OF THE LOWER MEKONG BASIN (LMB)
2.6. SUMMARY AND WAYS FORWARD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
NOTES
3 Water‐Energy Nexus in Bio‐Based Systems
ABSTRACT
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.1.1. Bio‐Based Systems for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
3.1.2. Interconnection of Water and Energy in Bio‐Based Systems
3.1.3. Overview of the Chapter
3.2. WATER SUPPLY AND USE IN BIO‐BASED SYSTEMS. 3.2.1. Water Availability
3.2.2. Water Use in Biomass Production
3.2.3. Water Use in Biomass Conversion to Biofuels
3.2.4. Existing and Emerging Methods for Water Conservation
3.3. ENERGY IN BIO‐BASED SYSTEMS
3.3.1. Energy Use and Supply
3.3.2. Energy Analysis
3.3.3. Example: Energy Analysis in Biodiesel Production from Oilseeds
3.3.4. Energy Supply from Bio‐Based Systems
3.4. THE FRAMEWORK FOR WATER‐ENERGY NEXUS IN BIO‐BASED SYSTEMS
3.5. ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER AND ENERGY IN BIO‐BASED SYSTEMS
3.5.1. Assessment of Water Use in Bio‐Based Systems
3.5.2. Analysis of Energy Use in Bio‐Based Systems
3.5.3. Evaluation of Water–Energy Nexus in Bio‐Based Systems
3.5.4. Tools Used to Evaluate the Sustainability of Bio‐Based Systems
3.6. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
3.7. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
4 Safe‐Sanitation Adaptive‐Integrated Management Systems (SAIMS)A Conceptual Process Tool for Incorporating Resilience
ABSTRACT
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.1.1. Resilient Sanitation Systems
4.2. SAIMS FOUNDATIONS
4.3. THE SAIMS CONCEPTUAL TOOL
4.3.1. Vulnerability Systems (Internal and External Stressors)
4.3.2. Social Ecological System (SES)
4.3.3. Technological System (TeS):
4.3.4. Resource System (ReS)
4.3.5. Resilience Capacities (ReC)
4.4. KEY STEPS TOWARDS SAIMS
4.5. POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF SAIMS TO THE SDGS
4.6. DESIGNING SAIMS BASED INFRASTRUCTURE
4.7 GOVERNANCE OF SAIMS
4.8. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
4.9. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
5 Approaches and Tools to Assess Water‐Climate‐Sustainability Nexus: A Systematic Review
ABSTRACT
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. METHODOLOGY
5.3. CHARACTERIZATION OF WCS‐NEXUS METHODS/APPROACHES
5.3.1. Conceptual background of WCS‐nexus approaches. 5.3.1.1. Multidisciplinary Dimensions to the Investigation of WCS
5.3.1.2. Monitoring Tools for WCS
5.3.2. Decision Analysis Approaches and Tools in Water–Climate–Sustainability Nexus
5.3.3. Approaches and Tools Used for Impact Studies on Water, Climate, and Sustainability
5.4. DISTINCT FEATURES OF WCS‐NEXUS APPROACHES AND TOOLS
5.4.1. Novel Approaches and Tools for WCS‐nexus assessments
5.4.2. Multi‐sectoral and Interdisciplinary Collaborations for the Development and Evaluation of Methods
5.4.3. Market‐based solutions
5.5. GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE AND SCALE OF ANALYSIS
5.6. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
6 Rejuvenation of Springs in the Himalayan Region
ABSTRACT
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. THE DRYING UP OF SPRINGS
6.3. SPRINGSHED MANAGEMENT: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO REVIVING HIMALAYAN SPRINGS. 6.3.1. Understanding the Resource (Aquifer)
6.3.2. Mainstreaming Springshed Management Approach
6.3.3. Way Forward: Overcoming Key Challenges
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
7 Enhancing Water Productivity Through On‐Farm Water Management
ABSTRACT
7.1. BACKGROUND
7.1.1. Water Productivity Concept
7.1.2. Rationale for Increasing Water Productivity
7.1.3. Opportunities to Increase Water Productivity
7.1.4. WP and SDGs
7.2. PATHWAYS TO INCREASE WP
7.2.1. Water Management Practices
7.2.1.1. Rainwater Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation
7.2.1.2. Deficit Irrigation
Box 7.1 Supplementary irrigation to improve water productivity: A case of Karkheh River Basin (KRB), Iran
7.2.1.3. Increasing Water Application Efficiency
7.2.1.4. Soil and Water Conservation Practices
Box 7.2 Increasing water productivity in intensively irrigated Rice‐Wheat systems: A case study of integration of conservation agriculture with water efficient practices
7.2.1.5. Multiple Water Use (MUS) Systems
7.2.1.6. Other Water Management Practices
7.2.1.7. Integrated Watershed Management for Upscaling Water Management Practices
7.2.2. Non‐water Management Practices
Box 7.3 Integrated Watershed Management for Increasing Water Productivity
7.2.2.1. Crop Breeding
7.2.2.2. Cropping Systems and Patterns
7.2.2.3. Soil Nutrient Management
Box 7.4 Case study: Increasing water use efficiency by using different cropping patterns
7.2.3. Enabling Environment: Policies and Institutions
7.3. CHALLENGES FOR INCREASING WATER PRODUCTIVITY
7.3.1. Agronomic and Socio‐Economic Constraints Faced by Smallholder Farmers
7.3.2. Climate Change and Weather Extremes
7.3.3. Governance
7.3.4. Challenges for Scaling Up and Scaling Out
7.4. CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD
REFERENCES
8 Climate Actions and Challenges for Sustainable Ecosystem Services: Approaches and Application in California Case Studies
ABSTRACT
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. CLIMATE IMPACTS AND ACTIONS IN CALIFORNIA
8.3. CASES OF CLIMATE ACTIONS IN CALIFORNIA WATER SECTOR. 8.3.1. Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability in California Hydrological Regions
8.3.2. Climate Action Plans for GHG Emission Reduction and Carbon‐Free Water Systems
8.4. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CLIMATE ACTIONS AND APPROACHES
8.4.1. Carbon Sequestration and Habitat Enhancement in the Delta
8.4.2. Data Collection and Energy Reporting in Water Sector
8.4.3. Climate‐safe Infrastructure
8.5. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
9 Monitoring and Accountability Frameworks for SDG 6: The Role of Civil Society Organisations
ABSTRACT
9.1. CONTEXT: ACCOUNTABILITY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK
9.1.1. Accountability Mechanisms: Definitions
9.1.2. Accountability mechanisms under the Sustainable Development Agenda
9.1.3. Civil Society Participation in Accountability Mechanisms
9.2. STUDY METHODOLOGY AND FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS
9.3. FINDINGS. 9.3.1. Responsibilities for Monitoring SDG6
Box 9.1 Examples of responsibilities for monitoring and reporting on SDG6
9.3.2. Data Availability for Monitoring and Reporting on SDG6
Box 9.2 Country examples on challenges with data availability
9.3.3. Tracking who is being left behind
Box 9.3 Examples on challenges to track who is being left behind
9.3.4. Third Party Validation of Data on SDG6
9.3.5. Accountability Mechanisms for SDG6
Box 9.4 Accountability for human rights to water and sanitation within SDG 6 in Kenya
9.4. DISCUSSION. 9.4.1. Good Practices
9.4.2. Main Challenges
9.5. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
NOTES
10 Research to Policy and Practice: Challenges and Opportunities
ABSTRACT
10.1. INTRODUCTION
10.2. RE‐ORIENTING FORMAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
10.2.1. Pedagogy for Sustainability Education
10.2.2. Academic Curriculum
10.2.3. Academic Research
10.3. RESEARCH INPUT FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE
10.4. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
10.4.1. Challenges
10.4.2. Opportunities
10.5. SUMMARY AND MOVING FORWARD
REFERENCES
11 Resilient Water Infrastructure for Poverty Reduction: Cases from Asia and Middle East
ABSTRACT
11.1. INTRODUCTION
11.2. LINKAGES BETWEEN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT
11.3. EVIDENCES OF THE POSITIVE IMPACT OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
11.3.1. Case Study 01: Water Infrastructure to improve the quality of life: A Case of Nagpur City (INDIA)
Box 11.1 “Before” and “After” scenario of the Orange City Water Project, Nagpur, India
11.3.2. Case Study 02: Water Infrastructure to enhance livelihood: A Case of Case of Tufileh (Jordan). Source: Adapted from Faruqui N. & Al‐Jayyousi O. (2002)
Box 11.2 Benefits of the Greywater reuse system
11.3.3. Case Study 03: Infrastructure to protect communities against water‐related disasters: A Case of Surat city (India
Box 11.3 “Before” and “After” scenario of the Flood Control Project, Surat, India
11.3.4. Case study 04: Water infrastructure to protect environment: A case study of the cleaning of the Singapore River and Kallang Basin in Singapore
11.3.5. Case study 05: Water infrastructure to improve economic productivity: A case study of Salamieh District, Syria
Box 11.4 “Before” and “After” scenario of the SWMP Project, Syria
11.4. THE WAY FORWARD: CHALLENGES AND GOOD PRACTICES. 11.4.1. Challenges
11.4.2. Good Practices
11.4.2.1. Balancing Traditional Infrastructure With Green Infrastructure
11.4.2.2. Climate‐proofing Water Infrastructure
11.4.2.3. Financing Water Infrastructure
11.4.2.4. Adopting a Systems Approach for Infrastructural Planning
REFERENCES
12 High Efficiency Irrigation Technology As a Single Solution for Multi‐Challenge: A Case of Pakistan
ABSTRACT
12.1. INTRODUCTION
12.1.1. Significance of Irrigated Agriculture to Pakistan
12.1.2. Existing Approaches to Irrigated Agriculture
12.1.3. Context of SDGs
12.1.4. Objectives and Scope of Chapter
12.2. HEIT IN PAKISTAN
12.3. HEIT IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES
12.3.1. Multi‐dimensional Impacts of HEIT
12.3.2. Inevitability of HEIT for Pakistan
12.3.3. Current Technology Adoption Challenges
12.3.4. Potential Opportunities
12.4. WAYS FORWARD
REFERENCES
13 Irrigation Scheduling and Management for Improved Water Productivity
ABSTRACT
13.1. INTRODUCTION
13.2. APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING IRRIGATION SCHEDULING
13.2.1. Feel and Appearance of the Soil
13.2.2. Gravimetric Soil Moisture Sampling
13.2.3. Volumetric Soil Moisture Sampling
13.2.4. Soil Water Potential Monitoring
13.2.5. Crop Water Stress Monitoring
13.2.6. Water Balance Monitoring
13.2.7. Crop Growth Stage Monitoring
13.3. CASE STUDY – IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IN CANTERBURY REGION, NEW ZEALAND. 13.3.1. Context
13.3.2. Approach Used
13.3.3. Findings
13.3.4. Lessons Learned
13.4. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
13.5. WAYS FORWARD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
NOTE
14 Urban Water Security for Sustainable Cities in the Context of Climate Change
ABSTRACT
14.1. INTRODUCTION
14.2. CHARACTERIZING URBAN WATER (IN)SECURITY – THEORETICAL ASPECTS
14.3. ADDRESSING URBAN WATER INSECURITIES: A CASE OF DHAKA, BANGLADESH
14.3.1. Context
14.3.2. Access to Water – a Key to a Sustainable City
14.3.3. Challenges – Lack of Government Awareness
14.3.4. Probable Solution to Control Water Insecurities in Bangladesh
14.3.5. Lessons Learned
14.4. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
14.5. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
15 Approach Towards Building Climate‐Resilient Irrigation Systems for Food Security in Nepal
ABSTRACT
15.1. INTRODUCTION
15.1.1. Concept of Food Security
15.1.2. Food Security Policy Framework in Nepal
15.1.3. Objectives of this Chapter
15.2. STATUS OF FOOD SECURITY IN NEPAL
15.3. KEY DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY
15.3.1. Precipitation
15.3.2. Irrigation Services
15.3.3. Known Unknown – Climate Risks and Uncertainties
15.4. MAKING THE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CLIMATE‐ RESILIENT: LEARNING FROM THE SELECTED CASES
15.4.1. Concept of Resilience
15.4.2. Climate‐related Challenges in Irrigation Sector
15.4.3. Approach and Methods
15.4.4. Major Findings
15.4.5. Proposed Climate Resilient Framework
15.5. SUMMARY AND WAYS FORWARD
REFERENCES
NOTES
16 A Stakeholder‐Centric Tool for Implementing Water Management Strategies and Enhancing Water Cooperation (SDG 6.5) in the Lower Mekong Region
ABSTRACT
16.1. INTRODUCTION
16.2. SWARM OVERVIEW
16.3. CO‐PRODUCTION AND STAKEHOLDER‐ENGAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR CROSS‐CASE ANALYSIS
16.3.1. Robust Decision Support
16.3.2. Service Planning Approach
16.4. RESULTS. 16.4.1. Huay Sai Bat Catchment
16.4.2. Chindwin Catchment
16.4.3. Ca Catchment
16.5. SREPOK BASIN
16.6. SWARM BENEFITS, ENABLING CONDITIONS, AND UPSCALING POTENTIAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
INDEX
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