Оглавление
Группа авторов. Kelly Vana's Nursing Leadership and Management
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Kelly Vana’s Nursing Leadership and Management
Contributors
Former Contributors to the Third Edition
Preface
1 Organization
1.1 Chapter Features
1.2 How To Use This Book
2 Instructor Resources (IR)
REFERENCES
Foreword
REFERENCES
Chapter Features
About The Editors
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
Unit 1 Kelly Vana’s Nursing Leadership and Management. 1. Nursing Leadership, Management, and Motivation
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Definition of Leadership
Leaders and Followers
Leaders Versus Managers
Leadership Characteristics
Leadership Theories
Behavioral Approach
Real World Interview
Evidence from the Literature
Real World Interview
Contingency Approach
Fielder's Contingency Theory
Situational Approach
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory
Path‐Goal Theory
Substitutes for Leadership
Real World Interview
Critical Thinking 1.1
Critical Thinking 1.2
Contemporary Approach
Charismatic Leadership Theory
Transformational Leadership Theory
Case Study 1.1
Knowledge Workers
Using Knowledge
Complexity Leadership
Servant Leadership
Emotional Intelligence
Real World Interview
Nursing Leadership during the Pandemic
Definition of Management
Managerial Roles
Real World Interview
The Management Process
Critical Thinking 1.3
Management Theories
Scientific Management
Bureaucratic Management
Human Relations Management
Motivation Theories
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Herzberg's Two‐Factor Theory
McGregor'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y
OUCHI'S THEORY Z
Vroom's Expectancy Theory
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
2 The Health Care Environment
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
History of Health Care
Structuring Hospitals Around Nursing Care
Collecting Data
Influence of External Forces on Health Care
Organization of Health Care
Real World Interview
Health Care Rankings
Access to Health Care for All
Health Care Payment in Other Countries
Hospital Care
Critical Thinking 2.1
Real World Interview
Need for Primary Health Care
Case Study 2.1
The Federal Government
State and Local Levels
Home Health Care
Health Care Disparities and Social Determinants of Health
Health Care Spending
Medicare and Other Health Care Costs
Health Care Insurance
Real World Interview
Medicare and Medicaid
Other Public Programs
Critical Thinking 2.2
State Regulation of Health Insurance
International Perspective
France
Canada
Japan
The Rising Cost of Health Care
Factors Contributing to Rising Health Care Costs
Aging Population
Increased Utilization of Pharmaceuticals
Technological Advances
Rising Hospital Costs
Practitioner Availability and Behavior
Cost Shifting
Administrative Costs
Real World Interview
Other Factors Contributing to Rising Health Care Costs
Cost Containment Strategies
Capitation
Prospective Payment
Health Care Quality
Health Care Variation
Highly Reliable Health Care: Improvements to Standardize Care
Performance and Quality Measurement
Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award
Outcome Measurement
Other Health Assessment Tools
Public Reporting of Performance
Institute of Medicine Health Care Reports
Other National Public Quality Reports
Disease Management
Evidence From the Literature
Balanced Scorecards
Evidence‐Based Practice
Accreditation and Patient Safety
Critical Thinking 2.3
Improving Quality Through Health Professions Education
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
Critical Thinking 2.4
Never Conditions
Nurse Shortages
Case Study 2.2
American Nurses Association
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
3 Nursing Leadership and Management in a Historical Context
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
The Founding of Nursing
The Dawn of Professional Nursing
Nurse Training Was Inevitable
Evidence from the Literature
Nineteenth‐Century Nurse Training Schools in the United States
Case Study 3.1
Visiting Nurses and the Birth of Public Health Nursing
The Development of Professional Nursing Organizations
Real World Interview
Case Study 3.2
Professional Nursing Matures
The 1920s and 1930s: Evolving Hospital Nursing
Case Study 3.3
Collegiate Education in Nursing
The Development of Nursing Research in the 1950s to the 1970s
Emerging Nursing Specialization in the 1980s and 1990s
Case Study 3.4
Real World Interview
Critical Thinking 3.1
Critical Thinking 3.2
Historical Contributions and Future Challenges
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
4 Organization of Patient Care in High Reliability Care Organizations
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Definitions of Error
Internal Standards
External Standards
Near Miss Safety Events
Precursor Safety Events
Adverse Events and Serious Events
Sentinal Events
The Anatomy of an Error. Active Errors
Latent Errors
High Reliability Organizations
Origins of HRO
HRO Characteristics
Preoccupation with Failure
Reluctance to Simplify
Sensitivity to Operations
Commitment to Resilience
Deference to Expertise
Real World Interview
Nursing's Role in High Reliability Organizations
Patient‐Centered Care
Case Study 4.1
Teamwork and Collaboration
Effective Communication
TeamSTEPPS
Call‐Out
Closed Loop Communication
Case Study 4.2
I PASS THE BATON
SBAR
Case Study 4.3
Nursing and Interprofessional Teams
Evidence from the Literature
Implications for Practice
Cross Monitoring
Mutual Support
Evidence‐Based Practice
Quality Improvement (QI)
Case Study 4.4
Real World Interview with Karen Zaehler – Edward Quality Council
Safety
Incorporate Human Factors
Skill‐Based Performance
Rule‐Based Performance
Critical Thinking 4.1
Knowledge‐Based Performance
Root Cause Analyses
Creating a Culture of High Reliability
Strategic Planning
Environmental Assessment
SWOT Analysis
Stakeholder Assessment
Focus Groups
Critical Thinking 4.2
Review of the Literature
Determining the Congruence of the Project or Program
Goals and Objectives
Strategies or Programs
Action Plans
Marketing Plan
Implementation and Evaluation
Fostering a Fair and Just Culture
Learning Organization
Managing Behavioral Choices
Vertical and Horizontal Accountability
Intrinsic Accountability
Daily Safety Huddle
Assessing Organizational Culture
Informatics
Critical Thinking 4.3
Resources for the Journey toward High Reliability
Nursing Organizations
Magnet® Designation
Evidence from the Literature
Real World Interview
Interprofessional Organizations
Institute for Healthcare Improvement
Institute of Safe Medication Practices
National Patient Safety Foundation
National Quality Forum
Patient Safety Organization
Government Agencies
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Value‐Based purchasing
Hospital Readmission Reduction Penalty Program
HAC Reduction Program
Medical Product Safety Network
Real World Interview
Baldrige Award
Accreditation Agencies
Det Norske Veritas Healthcare, Inc
Healthcare Facilities Accredition Program
The Joint Commission
Summary
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
5 Organization and Staffing of Patient Care at the Unit Level
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Organizational Mission, Vision, and Values or Philosophy
Mission Statement
Vision Statement
Values or Philosophy
Critical Thinking 5.1
Developing a Nursing Department's and Nursing Unit's Mission Statement
Creating a Vision Statement for the Nursing Department and Unit
Developing a Nursing Department's and Nursing Unit's Values or Philosophy
Organization of Patient Care at the Unit Level
Strategic Planning
Steps in Strategic Planning Process
Perform an Environmental Assessment
Conduct Stakeholder Assessment
Review and Prioritize Goals and Objectives
Identify Timelines and Responsibilities
Develop a Marketing Plan
Evaluate
Professional Nursing Practice at the Unit Level
Shared Governance
Coordinating Council
Clinical Practice Council
Quality Council
Education Council
Research Council
Management Council
Unit‐Based Councils
Ensuring Competence and Professional Staff Development
Real World Interview
Case Study 5.1
Benner's Novice to Expert Model
Nurse Residency Orientation Programs
The Process of Professional Practice
Leadership at the Unit Level
Case Study 5.2
Scheduling
Development of a Staffing Plan
Determination of Staffing Needs
Key Terms of Staffing
Units of Service
Nursing Hours Per Patient Day
Patient Classification Systems
Considerations in Developing a Staffing Plan
Real World Interview
Regulatory Requirements
Skill Mix
Case Study 5.3
Staff Support
Creating the Staffing Plan
Inpatient Unit
Development of a Medical Inpatient Unit Staffing Plan
Staffing for Patient Needs
Experience and Scheduling of Staff
Fixed and Flexible Staffing Schedules
Real World Interview
New Options in Staffing Plans
Evidence from the Literature
Financial Implications of Staffing Plans
Self‐Scheduling
Boundaries of Self‐Scheduling
Real World Interview
Informatics Support for Evidence‐Based Staffing
Models of Patient Care Delivery
Critical Thinking 5.2
Total Patient Care
Advantages and Disadvantages
Functional Nursing
Advantages and Disadvantages
Team Nursing
Advantages and Disadvantages
Primary Nursing
Advantages and Disadvantages
Patient‐Centered Care or Patient‐Focused Care
Advantages and Disadvantages
Care Delivery Management Tools
Clinical Pathways
Advantages and Disadvantages
Case Management
Care Delivery Management Tools of the Future
Evaluation of Staffing Effectiveness
Patient Outcomes and Nurse Staffing
Nurse Staffing and Nurse Outcomes
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB. Preparing for an Interview
Considering Safe Staffing
Thinking about Worker Fatigue and Patient Safety
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
6 Health Care Economics
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Health Care Economics
Economic Principles Related to Nursing and Health Care
Management of Health Care as a Business
Traditional Perspective: Health Care Helps People
Change from Chronic Care to Preventive Care
Right to Health Care at Any Cost
Factors Affecting Access to Health Services
Need for Health Care Determined by the Consumer
Right to Health Care at a Reasonable Cost
Managed Care
Universal Health Care
Evidence from the Literature
Medicare Hospital Value‐Based Purchasing (VBP) Program
Real World Interview
Future Perspectives on the Cost of Health Care
Economic Principles of Health Care
Health Care Provider Economics
Business Profit
Fundamental Costs of Care
Cost Analysis
High‐Low Cost Estimation
Bivariate Regression Analysis
Break‐even Analysis
Relative Value Unit
Critical Thinking 6.1
Critical Thinking 6.2
The Role of State and Federal Government and Third‐Party Payers in the Financing of Health Care
State Payment and Health Care Delivery System Reform Initiatives
Medicare Medication Costs
Factors that Influence Health Care Spending and Their Effect on Health Care Outcomes
Health Care Salaries
An Aging Population and the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Political Uncertainty Will Make Long‐Term Planning a Challenge
Hospital Costs, Patient Charges, Nursing Costs, and Room Charges
Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Information Technology Cost
Real World Interview
Evidence from the Literature
Evidence from the Literature
Use of the Computer to Capture Nursing Costs
Impact of Health Care Reform Legislation on the Health Care Industry
Nosek‐Androwich Profit Quality (NAPQ) Matrix
Critical Thinking 6.3
Customer Satisfaction
Real World Interview
Real World Interview
Case Study 6.1
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
7 Hospital Department and Unit Budgets
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Introduction
Types of Budgets
Operational Budget
Capital Budget
Construction Budget
Budgeting Process Overview
Budget Preparation
Organizing the Budgeting Process
Key Budgeting Elements and Influences
Obtaining Reimbursement
Demographic Information and Marketing
Competitive Analysis
Regulatory Influences
Strategic Plans
Scope of Service and Goals
Real World Interview
Creating the Budget
Expenses
Critical Thinking 7.1 The Budget and Daily Operations
Labor as Expense
Case Study 7.1Ambulatory Care Unit
Staffing
Real World Interview
Critical Thinking 7.2 Unit Census Growth Projection
Evidence from the Literature
Productive and Non‐Productive Time
Fixed and Variable Costs
Budget Approval and Monitoring
Team Roles and Responsibilities in the Budgeting Process
Critical Thinking 7.3 Metrics and Operations
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB (All Sites Accessed December 15, 2018)
Informatics
Lean Back
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
Unit 2 Leadership and Management of Patient-Centered Care. 8. Patient‐Centered Care
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Definitions of Patient‐Centered Care
Real World Interview
Case Study 8.1
Origin and Evolution of Patient‐Centered Care
Evidence from the Literature
Origin of Patient‐Centered Care
Evolution of Patient‐Centered Care
Rights of Women
Rights of People with Mental Illness
Health Policy Initiatives
Case Study 8.2
Patient Advocacy Groups
Patient‐Centered Care Today
Patient‐Centered Care and Patient Safety
Patients as Health Care Consumers
Critical Thinking 8.1
Patient‐Centered Care and Nursing Education
Effectiveness of Patient‐Centered Care
Evidence from the Literature
Critical Thinking 8.2
Conclusion
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
9 Patient and Health Care Education
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Foundations for Patient‐Centered and Professional Development Education
The Role of the Nurse in Patient‐Centered Health Care Education
Reading and Health Literacy
Assessment of Learning Styles
Learning Domains
Real World Interview
Case Study 9.1
Developing Learning Objectives
Context Analysis
Learner Analysis
Content Analysis
Critical Thinking 9.1
Educational Resources
Therapeutic Patient Education Programs
Development of Lesson Plans
Evidence from the Literature
Conducting the Education Session
Environment
Critical Thinking 9.2
Communication
Evaluating Effectiveness of Patient‐Centered Education
Learner Evaluation
Evaluation of the Educational Program Presentation
Evaluation of Materials
Costs and Resources
Accuracy and Appropriateness of TeachingMaterials
Strategies for Professional Development. Case Study 9.2
Professional Development
Needs Assessment
Types of Needs Assessments
Continuing Education
Orientation and Onboarding
Real World Interview
Nursing and Health Care Competencies
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
Academic‐Practice Partnerships
Strategies for Engaging the Adult Learner
E‐Learning
Simulation
Virtual Reality
The Role of Nursing Leadership in Professional Development
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
10 Patient Outcomes and Evidence‐Based Health Care
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Nurse's Role in Evidence‐Based Practice
Nursing and EBP
Role of the ANA
Real World Interview
Importance of EBP
Real World Interview
History and Evolution of EBP
Evidence‐Based Practice Models and Terminology
Evidence‐Based Multidisciplinary Practice ModelS
The University of Colorado Hospital Model
The PDSA Cycle
How do you Formulate a Research Question? Let's PICOT. (the T is optional) PICO(T)‐Based Approach to Guiding an Evidence Search
Critical Thinking 10.1
Resources for EBP
EBP Centers in the United States
Case Study 10.1
Critical Thinking 10.2
Critical Thinking 10.3
Evidence from the Literature
Promoting Evidence‐Based Best Practices
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
11 Searching for the Evidence
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Use the Five A's (Assess, Ask, Acquire, Appraise, and Apply) to Guide Your Literature Search Process
Expert Literature Searching with Librarians
Real World Interview
Assess the Patient or Population and Ask an Answerable Clinical Question by Using Keywords and Subject Headings
What Is Keyword Literature Searching?
Benefits of Using Subject Headings in a Controlled Vocabulary
Limitations of Using Subject Headings
Critical Thinking 11.1
Ask Answerable Clinical Questions Using PICOT (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Time)
Real World Interview
Critical Thinking 11.2
Acquire Evidence in the Literature Using Boolean Operators and Truncation in Electronic Databases
Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT
Using Truncation and Wildcards
Critical Thinking 11.3
Acquire Evidence in the Literature Using Electronic Databases
Real World Interview
Refining Literature Search Results in Electronic Databases with Filters
Critical Thinking 11.4
Acquire Evidence and Clinical Practice Guidelines by Using Mobile Applications
Mobile Applications in Clinical Practice
Mobile Applications for Point‐of‐Care Tools
Mobile Applications for Journals
Mobile Applications for Clinical Practice Guidelines
Mobile Applications for Patient Use
Case Study 11.1
Appraise Evidence Such as Journals, Mobile Applications, and Websites for Relevancy and Quality
Appraising the Evidence: Journals
Evidence from the Literature
Use the Methods Section to Appraise and Evaluate the Quality of the Research Articles
Question 1: How Many Participants Began the Study?
Question 2: How Many Participants Completed the Study?
Question 3: Were the Participants Blind to Treatment?
Question 4: Were the Researchers Blind to the Treatment?
Question 5: Were the Participants Assignments Randomized?
Appraising Evidence: Websites andMobile Applications
Resources for Lifelong Learning
Final Step: Apply the Evidence to Your Patient or Clinical Problem
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READING
12 Quality Improvement of Patient Care
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
The Importance of Quality Improvement in Health Care. The Importance of QI to the Patient
The Importance of QI to the Nurse
The Importance of QI to the Organization
Real World Interview
Major Principles of Quaity Improvement (QI)
QI Benefits Patients and All Health Care Customers
QI Requires the Participation of Staff at All Levels of the Organization
Case Study 12.1
QI Focuses on Structure, Process, and Outcomes
QI Decisions Are Based on Data
Pareto Charts, Pie Charts, and Time Series Data
Benchmarking
Case Study 12.2
QI Is a Continuous Process
Simplification and Standardization
Critical Thinking 12.1
The FOCUS Methodology and the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) Cycle
FOCUS Methodology
Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) Cycle
STEEEP and Evaluation of a Health Care Organization's QI Program
Evidence from the Literature
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
13 Improving Quality at the Bedside
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
QI is Part of the Nurse's Work at the Bedside
QI is Part of the Nurse's Work as a Team Member on the Unit
The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI®)
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) Hospital Value‐Based Purchasing Program
Real World Interview
QI is Part of the Nurse's Work as an Employee of a Health Care Organization
The Skills Needed by the Nurse to do QI
Self‐Awareness
Real World Interview
Collaborative Team Member
Crucial Conversations
Nurse Leader in QI
Applying QI Methodologies at the Bedside
Critical Thinking 13.1
Case Study 13.1
Finishing and Sustaining the Quality Improvement Changes
Critical Thinking 13.2
Evidence from the Literature
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF THE OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
14 Safety: Patient and Health Care Team
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Safety
A Culture of Safety
Leadership
Incident Report
Person Approach to Safety
System Approach to Safety
Measurement
Teamwork
Risk Identification and Reduction
High Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA)
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Safety Behaviors in a High Reliability Organization
Preoccupation with Failure
Reluctance to Simplify
Sensitivity to Operations
Commitment to Resilience
Swiss Cheese Model
Deference to Expertise
Organizations that Spread and Sustain Health Care Safety
Simplification of Work Processes
Standardization of Work Processes
Safety Initiatives for Patients. Suicide Prevention
Safe Patient Handoff
Evidence from the Literature
Reduction and Avoidance of Patient Suffering
Critical Thinking 14.1
Medication Management
Hand Hygiene
Rapid Response Team
Safety for Nurses and Other Health Care Staff
Critical Thinking 14.2
Safe Patient Handling and Mobility (SPHM)
Critical Thinking 14.3
Avoidance of Falls, Slips, and Trips
Case Study 14.1
Environmental Safety and Biological Hazards
Evidence from the Literature
Critical Thinking 14.3
Management of Violence in the Workplace
Evidence from the Literature
Real World Interview
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
15 Nursing Informatics
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
The Need for Nursing Informatics
Nursing Informatics: Evolution of a Definition
Tenets of Nursing Informatics
A Collaborative Model of Nursing Informatics
The Nursing Informatics Model at UW Health
Real World Interview
Decision Support and Error Prevention
High Reliability Organizations and a Just Culture
System Failures
Clinical Decision Support
Clinical Decision Support Rights
Alert Fatigue
Alarm Fatigue. Case Study 15.1
Roles of the Nurse Informaticist
Critical Thinking
Decision Making
Reflective Thinking
Intuitive Thinking
Evidence from the Literature
Simulation
Facilities Planning, Design, and Construction. Case Study 15.2
Security, Risk, and Compliance
Privacy
Evidence from the Literature
Cybersecurity and Phishing. Case Study 15.3
Real World Interview: Downtime Interview
Downtime
Disaster Planning. Case Study 15.4
Big Data
Population Health and Social Determinants of Health
E‐Health and Telehealth
Ubiquitous Computing
Mobile Applications and Digital Health
Social Network Sites
Virtual Reality
Trends in Computing
Internet and Searching for Evidence
Using the Internet for Clinical Practice
Internet Resources for Patients. Case Study 15.5
Nursing Informatics Specialist. Case Study 15.6
Formal Programs in Informatics
Informal Education
Certification
Conclusion
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READING
Note
Unit 3 Nursing and the Interprofessional Team. 16. Interprofessional Teamwork and Collaboration
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Team, Collaboration, and Interprofessional Teamwork
Critical Thinking 16.1
Stages of a Team Process
Case Study 16.1 Improving Patient Satisfaction
Forming Stage
Storming Stage
Evidence from the Literature
Norming Stage
Performing Stage
Adjourning Stage
Advantages of Teamwork
Disadvantages of Teamwork
Formal and Informal Teams
Creating an Effective Team
Common Purpose
Assessment of Team's Composition
Clear Communication
Active Participation
Agreed upon Active Plan
Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
Qualities of Effective Team Members
Real World Interview
Qualities of Effective Team Leaders
Communication Within the Interprofessional Team
Elements of the Communication Process
Modes of Communication. Face to Face
Electronic Communication
Levels of Communication
Public Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Organizational Communication
Grapevine
Communication Skills
Barriers to Communication
Use of Language
Generational Differences
Health Literacy
Anger
Overcoming Communication Barriers
Trends in Society that Affect Communication
Workplace Communication
Supervisors
Co‐workers
Horizontal/Lateral Violence
Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, and Other Health Care Professionals
Patients and Families
Mentor and Prodigy
Conflict
Definition of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Types of Conflict
The Conflict Process
Meaning of the Conflict
Conflict Management
Strategies to Facilitate Conflict Management
Leadership and Management Roles in Conflict Management
Conflict Management and Change
Real World Interview
Crew Resource Management and TeamSTEPPS
Four Teachable Skills
Communication
Evidence from the Literature
Leadership
Situation Monitoring
Mutual Support
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READING
17 Members of the Interprofessional Team
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Roles
QSEN
Leadership Competencies
Case Study 17.1
Critical Thinking 17.1
Leadership on the Nursing Unit
Critical Thinking 17.2
Evidence From the Literature
Roles and Expectations
Physicians
Physician Assistant
Nurse
Licensed Vocational Nurse
Unlicensed Personnel
Case Manager
Other Members
Real World Interview
Advantages and Disadvantages of Teamwork
Critical Thinking 17.3
Creating an Effective Team
Stages of a Team Process
Forming Stage
Storming Stage
Norming Stage
Performing Stage
Adjourning Stage
Identify the Qualities of an Effective Team Leader
Concept of Teamwork Environment
Crew Resource Management
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
18 Delegation, Assignment, and Supervision of Patient Care
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
The Correlation of RN Delegation, Assignment and Supervision and Optimal Safe Patient Care
Overview of Terms
Delegation Definition
Who Are the Delegates? UAP or NAP or AP and LPNS/LVNS
How to Decide What to Delegateor Assign
Accountability
Critical Thinking 18.1
Authority
Assignment
Five Rights of Delegation
Right Task
Right Circumstance
Right Person
Right Direction and Communication
Right Supervision and Evaluation
Practical Application of the Five Rights of Delegation to a Legal Case
Competence
Supervision
Feedback
Critical Thinking 18.3
Critical Thinking 18.4
What to Assess Before Delegation or Assignment
Employer/Nurse Leader Responsibilities
Licensed Registered Nurse Responsibility
New Graduate RN Responsibility
Licensed Practical Nurse/Licensed Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN) Responsibility
Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP) Responsibility
Real World Interview
Under‐Delegation and Over‐Delegation
Critical Thinking 18.5
Over‐Delegation
Chain of Command
The Nursing Process and Delegation
State Boards of Nursing
Teamwork and Collaboration
Teamwork and Collaboration Routines
Case Study 18.1
Delegation, Omitted Care, and Patient Safety: The Swiss Cheese Safety Model
Case Study 18.2
Evidence from the Literature
Case Study 18.3
Critical Thinking 18.7
The 4 PS, Purpose, Picture, Plan, Part
Critical Thinking 18.8
Critical Thinking 18.9
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
19 Time Management and Setting Patient Care Priorities
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Introduction
Outcome Orientation
Time Analysis
Valuing Nursing Time
Use of Time
Activity Log
General Time Management Concepts
The Pareto Principle
Critical Thinking 19.1
Prioritizing Use of Time
Understand the Big Picture
Decide on Optimal Desired Outcomes
Do First Things First
First Priority: Life‐Threatening or Potentially Life‐Threatening Conditions
Second Priority: Activities Essential to Safety
Third Priority: Comfort, Healing, and Teaching
Application of Time Management Strategies to the Delivery of Care
Estimate Activity Time Consumption
Create an Environment Supportive of Time Management and Patient Care
USE Shift Hand‐Off Report
Formulate the Plan for the Shift
Make Assignments
Timing the Actions
Make Patient Care Rounds
Real World Interview
Evaluate Outcome Achievement
Avoid Priority Traps
Case Study 19.1
Strategies to Enhance Personal Productivity
Critical Thinking 19.2
Critical Thinking 19.3
Create More Personal Time
Use Downtime
Critical Thinking 19.4
Control Unwanted Distractions
Find Personal Time for Lifelong Learning
Summary
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
20 Change, Clinical Decision Making and Innovation
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Change
Benefits of Change
Types of Change
Real World Interview
Models of Change
Evidence from the Literature
The IHI Psychology of Change Framework
Critical Thinking 20.1
Kotter's Eight‐step Model
Deming PDCA
Steps for Effective Change
The Change Agent
Responses to Change
Adaptation and Acceptance
Resistance and Rejection
Maintaining the Change
Critical Thinking. Scenario
Critical Thinking
Types of Thinking
Reflective Thinking
Intuitive Thinking
Analytical Thinking
Holistic Thinking
Critical Thinking
Real World Interview
Characteristics of Critical Thinkers
Learning to Think Critically
Concept Mapping
Case Study
Concept Map Example
The National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX)
Clinical Judgment
Decision Making
Clinical Decision Support (CDS) Tools
Group Decision Making
Delphi Group Technique
Consensus Building
Limitations to Effective Decision Making
Innovation
Characteristics of Innovators
Nurse Innovators
Opportunities for Innovation
Real World Interview
Summary
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
21 Power and Politics
Objectives
OPENING SCENARIO
Power
Critical Thinking 21.1
A Professional Responsibility
Evidence from the Literature
Real World Interview
Sources of Power
Expert Power
Legitimate Power
Referent Power
Reward Power
Coercive Power
Connection Power
Information Power
Power in Nursing
Personal Power
Professional Power
Organizational Power
Critical Thinking 21.2
Real World Interview
Nurse Empowerment
Case Study 21.1
The Power of Professional Nursing Organizations
Union Power
Collective Bargaining
Why Nurses Seek Unionization
If Your Workforce Unionizes
Nursing Collective Bargaining Agents
Evidence from the Literature
Evidence from the Literature
Managing in a Union Environment
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
Advocacy and Politics
Nurse as Advocate
Patient and Consumer Advocacy
Evidence from the Literature
Critical Thinking 21.3
Health Care Consumer as Partner
Professional Associations as Advocates for Health Care Consumers
Stakeholders and Health Care
Critical Thinking 21.4
Case Study 21.2
The Politics of Health Care
Nursing's Role in Health Care Policy
Case Study 21.3
Political Strategy for Nursing
Changes in Patient Population
Critical Thinking 21.5
The Problem of Health Care Reform
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The Limits of Power
Critical Thinking 21.6
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB (ALL ACCESSED FEBRUARY 20, 2019)
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
22 Legal Aspects of Nursing
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Sources of Law
Types of Law: Statutes and Case Law
Federal and State Statutes that Impact Nursing Practice
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
State Nurse Practice Acts
Tort Issues that Impact Nursing Practice
Assault and Battery
False Imprisonment
Defamation
Invasion of Privacy
Fraud
Patient Confidentiality in the Age of Social Media
Unintentional Torts: Negligence and Malpractice
Critical Thinking 22.1
Steps of a Malpractice Lawsuit
Critical Thinking 22.3
Nursing Advocacy: Required as Part of the Nursing Process
Case Study 22.1
Critical Thinking 22.2
Real World Interview
Informed Consent
Advanced Directives: Living Wills and Powers of Attorney
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders
Medical Aid in Dying/Death with Dignity
Legal Protections in Nursing Practice
Good Samaritan Laws
Skillful Communication
Documenting Nursing Care
Electronic Health Records/Electronic Medical Records
SBAR: A Useful Tool for Patient Handoffs to Other Professionals
Risk Management Programs
Malpractice/Professional Liability Insurance
Evidence from the Literature
Real World Interview
Nurse/Attorney Relationship
Real World Interview
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
23 Ethical Aspects of Nursing
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Introduction
Historical and Philosophical Influences on Nursing Practice
Ethics
Critical Thinking 23.1
Philosophy
Critical Thinking 23.2
Critical Thinking 23.3
Ethics Committees
Critical Thinking 23.4
Values and Values Clarification
Evidence From the Literature
Critical Thinking 23.5
Guides to Ethical Decision Making
The Ethical Positioning System Model
Case Study 23.1
STEP 1. ASSESSMENT
STEP 2. NURSING DILEMMA
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
ANA CODE OF ETHICS
STEP 4. DIAGRAM (FIGURE 23.4)
STEP 5. IMPLEMENTATION
STEP 6. EVALUATION
An Ethics Test
Patient Rights
Real World Interview
Nursing Leadership and Management
Organizational Benefits Derived from Ethics
Evidence From the Literature
Case Study 23.2
Creating an Ethical Workplace
Evidence from the Literature
Nurse‐Physician Relationships
Codes of Ethics for Nurses
The Future
Critical Thinking 23.5
Case Study 23.3
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
24 Culture, Generational Differences, and Spirituality
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Culture
Critical Thinking 24.1
Cultural Diversity and Sensitivity
Real World Interview
Population Groups
Subcultures
The Nursing Profession
Race and Ethnicity
Gender and Sexual Orientation
Evidence From the Literature
Critical Thinking 24.2
Real World Interview
Evidence From Literature
Health Care Disparities
Socioeconomic Disparities
Differences in the Quality of Health Care
Critical Thinking 24.3
Eliminating Health Disparities
Cultural Congruence and Cultural Competence
Critical Thinking 24.4
Organizational Culture
Organizational Socialization
A Culture of Safety
Evidence from the Literature
Working with Staff from Different Cultures
Different Perceptions of Staff Responsibilities
Different Perceptions of the Nurse's Role
Differences in Dress
Critical Thinking 24.5
Differences in Locus of Control
Differences in Time Orientation
Critical Thinking 24.6
Educational Differences
Communication Differences
Improving Communication in the Team
Managerial Responsibilities
Generational Perceptions
Real World Interview
Religion and Spirituality
Spiritual Assessment
Spiritual Distress
Barriers to Spiritual Care
Incorporating Spirituality into Patient Care
Developing Spiritual Leadership
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
Unit 4 Leadership and Management of Self and the Future. 25. NCLEX‐RN Preparation
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
The NCLEX‐RN Examination
NCLEX‐RN, Next Generation
NCLEX‐RN Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT)
NCLEX‐RN Rules for Passing and Failing
NCLEX‐RN Application Steps
NCLEX‐RN Test Question Formats and Samples
Variables Related to NCLEX‐RNSuccess
Evidence from the Literature
NCLEX‐RN Review Materials
Real World Interview
Exit Examinations
Three Elements of NCLEX‐RN Preparation
NCLEX‐RN Study Schedule
ARKO Test Taking Practice, the Second Element of NCLEX‐RN Preparation
Maslow's ABC‐Safe Test Tips
Application of Maslow's Hierarchy to a test question (Figure 25.2):
Anxiety Management, the Third Element of NCLEX‐RN Preparation
Maintaining PERMA
Avoidance of Negative Thinking
Declaring an Intention
Meditation
Evidence from the Literature
Nutrition, Sleep, and Wardrobe
Case Study 25.1
Some Final Tips and a Medication Study Guide
Real World Interview
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
EXPLORING THE WEB
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
26 Entry into the Profession: Your First Job
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Choosing a Nursing Position
Patient Types
Work Environment
Shifts, Salary, and Benefits
Differentials
Self‐Scheduling
Shadowing
Case Study 26.1
Orientation Considerations
Real World Interview
Components of Health Care Orientation
General Orientation
Using Simulated Learning for New
Evidence From the Literature
Unit‐Specific Orientation
Socialization
Evidence From the Literature
Working with Your Preceptor
Practice Drift
Caring for Patients
Working With Physicians and Other Health Care Providers
Case Study 26.2
Nurse Residency and Transition to Practice Programs
Identifying Your Own Learning Needs
Learning Styles
Performance Feedback
Preceptor Assessment
Formal Performance Evaluation
Real World Interview (with a Nurse Manager)
Organizational Responses to Performance
Employee Recognition Programs
Corrective Action Programs
Progressive Discipline
The Nurse as a Manager of a Small Patient Group
Time Management
Relating to Other Disciplines
Delegation to Team Members
Critical Thinking 26.1
The Charge Role
Articulating Expectations
Mechanisms to Enhance Professional Growth
Case Study 26.3
Cross‐Training
Identifying a Mentor
Developing Professional Goals
Specialty Certifications
Reality Shock and Burnout
Evidence From the Literature
Critical Thinking 26.2
Reflection
Real World Interview
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READING
27 Career Planning and Professional Development
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Introduction
The Importance of Career Planning
Career Planning Process
Personal Values and Responsibilities
Critical Thinking 27.1
Career Values
Nursing Identity
Real World Interview
Evidence from the Literature: Self‐efficacy
Engagement
Real World Interview
Nurse Residency Programs
Mentoring
Evidence from the Literature: New Graduate Orientation
Committees
Providing Safe Patient Care
Milestone Development
Critical Thinking 27.2
Seeking Employment as a Nurse
Researching Potential Employers
Researching the Position Description
Recruitment Fairs
Critical Thinking 27.3
Professional Considerations
Landing the Interview
Preparation of a Cover Letter and Resume
Critical Thinking 27.4
Cover Letter
Resume
Electronic Submissions
Critical Thinking 27.5 Cover Letters and Resumes
Writing a Resume
Employment History
Summary Section
Education Section
Resume—Licensure and Certification Section
Professional Experience Section
Obtaining References
Preparation for the Interview
Critical Thinking 27.6
Question Preparation
Real World Interview
Working Phase
Dressing for the Interview
Termination Phase of the Interview
Critical Thinking 27.7
Following Up the Interview
Career Development Theories
Professional Development
Certifications
Formal Education
Informal Education
Professional Portfolio
Professional Nursing Organizations
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READING
28 Balancing a Healthy Personal and Professional Life
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Definition of Health
Critical Thinking 28.1
Areas of Health
Physical Health
Calculation of Body Mass Index
Dietary Intake
Critical Thinking 28.2
Benefits of Exercise
Sleep
Emotional Health
Emotional Intelligence
Engaging in Activities
Impact of Social Relationships
Compassion Fatigue
Real World Interview
Spiritual Health
Critical Thinking 28.3
Case Study 28.1
Professional Health
Plan for Your Lifelong Learning
Plan for a Long Healthy Career
Plan for Your Financial Future
Social Security
Retirement Funds
Personal Savings
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
29 Nursing Career Opportunities
OBJECTIVES
OPENING SCENARIO
Understanding the Current Job Market
Aging Workforce and Population
Changing Opportunities
Demand
Wages
Critical Thinking 29.1
Choosing a Career Option
Critical Thinking 29.2
Case Study 29.1
Choosing a Career Path
Evidence From the Literature
Real World Interview
Applying and Interviewing
Case Study 29.2
Career Resources
Online Resources
Obtaining Employment
Critical Thinking 29.3
Certification
Nursing Careers Options
Travel Nursing
Volume and Variety of Nursing Jobs
Exclusivity of Contracts
Company Longevity and Expertise
How Knowledgeable and Friendly are theRecruiters?
Are they Certified by The Joint Commission?
Benefits
Bonuses
Support Provided on the Job
Client Satisfaction
Aesthetic Nursing
Military Nursing
Developmental Disability Nursing
Flight Nursing
Legal Nurse Consultants
Nurse Managers
Transcultural Nurses
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurse Specialist
Public Health Nursing
Certified Nurse‐Midwife (CNM)
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
Nurse Entrepreneur
Evidence from the Literature
Direction for the Future
KEY CONCEPTS
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
REVIEW ACTIVITIES
DISCUSSION POINTS
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
EXPLORING THE WEB
INFORMATICS
LEAN BACK
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS
Appendix 1
Preparation to Assume New Position as Bedside Staff Nurse Leader and Manager of Various Types of Patients
Nursing Protocol for All Above Patients
Preparation to Assume New Position as Bedside Staff Nurse Leader and Manager of Patients on Labor and Delivery Unit
WEB RESOURCES
Daily RN Shift Timeline for Nursing Care of Patients on Labor and Delivery (L&D) Unit
Daily RN Shift Timeline (Example) for Nursing Care of Patients on Medical, Surgical, Intensive/Critical Care and Stepdown Units, Labor and Delivery, Mother/Baby, Pediatric, and Psychiatric Units
Clinical Practice Guidelines
Glossary of Terms
Index. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
w
Y
Z
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
