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Группа авторов. The Explosion of Life Forms
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
The Explosion of Life Forms. Living Beings and Morphology
Introduction
1. Possible Traces and Clues of Early Life Forms
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Have “things” always been as they are today?
1.3. Fossil traces?
1.4. Geochemical elements confirming these recent results
1.5. Compartmentalization of resources and primary biomass
1.6. Rebuilding a living cell: a wide range of possibilities explored, from the mineral to the organic
1.7. Conclusion
1.8. Acknowledgements
1.9. References
2. The Nature of Life
2.1. Observations and assumptions
2.2. Descriptions and definitions
2.3. Exploration
2.4. Conclusion
2.5. References
3. From Form to Function
3.1. Form: a concept for knowledge
3.2. Basic structural elements: from the molecule to the cell
3.3. The weight of the physical setting
3.4. Mesoderm: base material for architect genes
3.5. Appendices and laws of mechanics
3.6. “Appendicular” movement on land
3.7. The legless
3.8. And the head
3.9. References
4. On Growth and Form: Context and Purpose
4.1. D’Arcy Thompson’s program
4.2. Application of mathematics to morphometry
4.3. References
5. The Emergence of Form in the History of Epigenetics
5.1. Introduction
5.2. From epigenesis to epigenetics
5.3. The evolution of the epigenetic landscape
5.4. Modernizing the epigenetic landscape
5.5. From epigenetic landscape to chromosome conformation
5.6. Conclusion: from form to function
5.7. Acknowledgments
5.8. References
6. The Many Shapes of Microbial Detection of Kin and Kind
6.1. From Darwin’s social-insects-puzzle to microbes
6.2. Handshakes of kinship or “kindship” in bacteria
6.3. The ameba world of clone discrimination/recognition
6.4. Social microbes and multicellularity
6.5. Conclusion
6.6. References
7. Development and Evolution of Plant Forms
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Diversity of plant forms and associated functions. 7.2.1. Anthropocentric view of plant forms
7.2.2. Plant forms perceived by pollinators
7.3. Origin and evolution of plant forms. 7.3.1. Pattern formation during ontogenesis
7.3.2. Physical-mathematical considerations on plant morphogenesis
7.3.3. Implementation of forms during phylogenesis
7.3.3.1. Forms of vegetative structures and associated functions
7.3.3.2. Forms of reproductive structures and associated functions
7.4. Origin and evolution of plant forms. 7.4.1. Usefulness for human societies. 7.4.1.1. The recognition and oral communication of plant forms
7.4.1.2. Towards a written transmission of plant forms
7.4.1.3. Towards an interpretation of plant forms: doctrine of signatures
7.4.1.4. Towards a copy of plant forms: bionics or biomimetics
7.4.2. Usefulness for botanical classifiers. 7.4.2.1. From the amorphous to a specific identity of the plant form
7.4.2.2. First studies of plant forms: the advent of “phytology” or botany
7.4.2.3. Usefulness before form: botany distorted and phagocytized by medicine
7.4.2.4. The rebirth of plant forms: a revival of realistic and critical botany
7.4.2.5. The growing diversity of plant forms: towards a necessity for classification
7.4.2.6. Towards the implementation of natural morphological classifications
7.4.2.7. Death to classical morphology... long live evolutionary morphology!
7.5. Conclusion
7.6. Acknowledgments
7.7. References
8. Forms of Memory
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The polymorphism of memory
8.3. Non-associative memories
8.3.1. Habituation and sensitization. 8.3.1.1. Habituation
8.3.1.2. Sensitization
8.3.2. Priming
8.3.3. Perceptual learning
8.4. Classical conditioning
8.4.1. Operational definition, rules and varieties of classical conditioning
8.4.2. Contemporary theory of classical conditioning. 8.4.2.1. From contiguity to contingency and associability of stimuli
8.4.2.2. Contingency, “surprise”, prediction error and dopamine
8.4.3. The importance of classical conditioning
8.5. Instrumental conditioning
8.5.1. Law of effect, stimulus-response (S-R) theory and “habits”
8.5.2. From S-R theory to cognitive theories
8.5.2.1. Instrumental conditioning and encoding of the relations between the R response and its C consequences
8.5.2.2. Removal or reduction of the contribution of R-C to the benefit of S-R (automation) through overtraining
8.5.3. The two facets of instrumental conditioning
8.6. Procedural memory as a “memory system”
8.6.1. Habits: double functional dissociations in mammals. 8.6.1.1. In rodents
8.6.1.2. In humans
8.6.2. Human procedural memory and its cerebral supports. 8.6.2.1. Habits
Measuring human habits by “predicting the weather”
8.6.2.2. Skills: functional dissociations
8.7. Declarative memory
8.7.1. Episodic and semantic memory: definitions, properties and relationships. 8.7.1.1. Definitions and properties. Episodic memory: “I remember”
Semantic memory: “I know that”
8.7.1.2. Hierarchy and common properties
8.7.1.3. Episodic memory, semantic memory, imagination and false memories. Remembering the past and using knowledge to imagine the future
8.7.2. Episodic memory in animals?
8.8. Short-term memory and working memory. 8.8.1. General characteristics
8.8.2. Models
8.8.2.1. Atkinson and Shiffrin’s “serial” model
8.8.2.2. Baddeley and Hitch’s working memory model
8.8.2.3. Executive functions and cognitive control. Strategic attention control
Cognitive flexibility
Planning
Updating and organizing the content of the STM
8.8.3. Short-term memory in animals
8.8.3.1. Principle of STM testing
8.8.3.2. Examples
8.8.4. Cerebral substrates. 8.8.4.1. Delay cells in monkeys
8.8.4.2. Front lobes, executive functions and working memory
8.9. Conclusion: organization and reconfiguration of the different forms of memory
8.10. References
9. The Construction of Sensory Universes
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Chemoreception
9.2.1. Taste
9.2.2. Smell
9.3. Mechanoreception
9.3.1. Touch
9.3.2. Lateral lines
9.3.3. Hearing
9.4. Electromagnetoreception. 9.4.1. Vision
9.4.2. Electroreception
9.4.3. Magnetoreception
9.4.4. Thermoreception
9.5. Information filtering
9.6. Conclusion
9.7. References
10. Emotional and Social Forms of Robots
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Communication with social and emotional robots
10.3. Human empathy for machines
10.4. Machine emotions
10.5. Conclusion: risks and benefits
10.6. References
11. When Medical Technology Mimics Living Forms
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Historical and epistemological perspective
11.2.1. A comparative history of medical technology
11.2.2. Epistemological perspective
11.2.3. A conceptual and theoretical framework: the mathematical theory of integrative physiology (MTIP) by Gilbert Chauvet
11.2.4. Forms of thinking or processing by machines
11.3. Simulation, biomimetics and bioprinting: a future for medical technology
11.4. References
12. From Living to Thinking: Mosaic Architecture
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Two main principles
12.3. Genes and cells
12.4. More complex anatomical mosaics
12.5. Epistemological rehabilitation of asexual reproduction
12.6. Social mosaics
12.7. Encephalic mosaics
12.8. Mosaics of thought
12.9. Man-made objects
12.10. Human and animal cultural traits
12.11. A universality of mosaics?
12.12. Conclusion: philosophical foundations
12.13. References
13. Converging Technologies or Paradoxes of Power
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Might, domination, power
13.3. Life, technique, power
13.4. “Technological arrogance”
13.5. Technological convergence and singularity
13.6. Innovation, research, invention
13.7. Conclusion
13.8. References
List of Authors
Index. A, B
C, D
E, F
G, H
I, J
K, L
M, N
O, P
R, S
T, U
V, W, Z
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