Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice

Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice
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Описание книги

The substantial biological importance of gaseous mediators in various physiological-pathological conditions has been realized only recently, but to date, the detailed mechanisms involved remain elusive. The publication at hand contains 16 overviews written by a panel of experts who summarize the current knowledge and provide fundamental insights into the roles of gaseous molecules in signal transduction in biological systems. The first part provides a comprehensive overview on gaseous mediators in health and disease. In the second part, the medical application of various molecules such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, acetone and phytoncide are discussed. Furthermore, articles on skin gas biology and Carbon-13 (13C), especially clinical applications of 13C-labeled substrate are included. This book provides valuable information not only for basic researchers in physiology and biochemistry, but also for gastroenterologists and clinicians who wish to learn more about the role of gaseous mediators.

Оглавление

Группа авторов. Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice

Gas Biology. Research. in Clinical. Practice

Contents

Preface

Roles of Stress-Inducible Carbon Monoxide in the Regulation of Liver Function

Abstract

CO Derived from HO-1 in Macrophages

CO Derived from HO-2 Targets Hepatic Stellate Cells to Relax Sinusoids

CBS as a CO Sensor Mined by Metabolomic Analyses

Acknowledgments

References

Intraluminal Gas and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Abstract

Esophagus

Stomach and Duodenum

Small and Large Intestine

Clinical Problems. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Functional Dyspepsia

Intestinal Obstruction

Diverticulosis

Conclusions

References

Therapeutic Medical Gas

Abstract

What Is ‘Therapeutic Medical Gas’?

Advantage of Medical Gas Therapy

Handling and Delivery of Therapeutic Medical Gases

Application of Medical Gas for Disease

Nitric Oxide

Carbon Monoxide

Hydrogen Sulfide

Hydrogen

Xenon

Helium

Ozone

Conclusions

References

Analysis of Breath CO and Application to Hemodynamic Monitoring

Abstract

Procedures for Hemodynamic Monitoring by EGA. Preparation of the CO-Saturated Autologous Blood

Continuous Determination of Expired Gas Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Estimation of End-Tidal CO from Expiratory Gas CO and CO2(Reference Gas Method)

Estimation of COHb% from ETCO

Determination of the Constants

Estimation of Cardiac Output and Circulating Blood Volume

Agreement of Cardiac Output Estimations between EGA and PAC

Agreement of Circulating Blood Volumetry between EGA and the Conventional Method

Accuracy of Hemodynamic Monitoring by the EGA Method

Advantages of the EGA Method

Disadvantages of the EGA Method

Conclusions

References

CO and Its Application to Gastrointestinal Disease

Abstract

Physiological Role of CO in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Mechanism of CO Action

Distribution and Regulation of Heme Oxygenase in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of CO

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and CO

Conclusions

References

Clinical Application of Inhaled Nitric Oxide

Abstract

Impairment of NO-Dependent Responses in Pulmonary Hypertension

Discovery of NO Inhalation Therapy in Animals and Humans

Physiological Effect of NO Inhalation on Circulation

Effects of Inhaled NO on the PAP

Low Dose NO Inhalation on PAP

Effects of inhaled NO on Arterial Oxygenation (fig. 3)

Clinical Application of NO Inhalation. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Neonates

ALI/ARDS

COPD and Pulmonary Fibrosis

Congestive Heart Failure

Left Ventricular Assist Device

High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Heart Transplantaion

Others

Effects of NO on the Development of Pulmonary Vascular Changes

Effect of Inhaled NO on Recovery of PH

Effect of Inhaled NO on Remote Organ (fig. 4)

References

Inhaled Nitric Oxide and Clinical Application

Abstract

Mechanism of Action of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Lung

Methods of Administration

Clinical Application

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn in Term and Near-Term Infants

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Hypertension after Cardiac Surgery

Right Heart Bypass Surgery

Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Future Direction

References

Hydrogen Sulfide in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Friend or Foe?

Abstract

Benevolent Role of H2S Gas in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Notoriety Role of H2S Gas in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Conclusion: Great Pharmacological Potential of H2S in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Acknowledgement

References

Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Colitis

Abstract

H2S Synthesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Role of H2S in colonic inflammation. Effect of the Inhibitors/Donors of H2S on Colitis Severity

H2S Modulates Leukocyte/Neutrophil Behavior

Other Possible Functions of H2S in Colitis

Future Perspectives

References

Stimulatory Action of Hydrogen Sulfide in Rat Duodenum

Abstract

Materials and Methods

Results. Effect of NaHS on Duodenal Secretion

Effect of Propargylglycine on Acid-Induced Duodenal Secretion

Effect of Propargylglycine on Acid-Induced Duodenal Damage

Discussion

References

Hydrogen and Medical Application

Abstract

Chemistry of Hydrogen

Physiology of Hydrogen

Protective Mechanism of Hydrogen

Medical Use of Hydrogen. Experimental/Laboratory Studies. Inhalation

Oral Intake of Hydrogen-Rich Water

Injectable Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

Eye Drops

Clinical Studies. Drinking Hydrogen Water

Enhancing Production of Hydrogen by Intestinal Flora

Hemodialysis

Conclusions

References

13C-Breath Test for Studying Physiology and Pathophysiology by Using Experimental Animals

Abstract

Breath Test in Experimental Animals

Test Meals for the Breath Test in Animals

Collection of Expired Breath Samples

Measuring Expired Breath Samples

Pharmacokinetic Data Analysis

Breath Test for Evaluating H. pylori Infection

Breath Test for Evaluating Gastric Emptying

Breath Test for Evaluating Liver Function

Breath Test for Evaluating Pancreatic Exocrine Function

Breath Test for Evaluating Sugar and Lipid Metabolism

Breath Test for Evaluating Gastrocecal Transit Time

Breath Test for Evaluating Cachexia

Simple and Noninvasive Breath Test in Rats

Application of the Simple and Noninvasive Breath Test for Mice

Conclusion

References

Carbon-13 and Its Clinical Application

Abstract

13C in Medical Practice - To the Present

Helicobacter pylori Infection

Pancreatic Function

Gastric Emptying

Advantages and Disadvantages of 13C

To the Future

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Acetone Response during Graded and Prolonged Exercise

Abstract

Materials and Methods. Subjects

Procedure and Measurements

Analysis

Statistics

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

References

Findings of Skin Gases and Their Possibilities in Healthcare Monitoring

Abstract

Analytical Procedure. Collection of Skin Gas

Cold Trapping System

Detection System

Skin Gases. Skin Gas Acetone

Skin Gas Ammonia

Skin Gas Ethanol

Skin Gas Hydrogen, Methane and Ethylene

Nitric Oxide and Other Gases

Acknowledgement

References

Phytoncide – Its Properties and Applications in Practical Use

Abstract

Preparation of Phytoncide Solution

Antioxidant Activity

Bacterial Eradication and Deodorization. Effectiveness as a Liquid Soap

Deodorization Ability in the Indoor Environment

Effect of Phytoncide on the Body

Effect on Restriction Stress

Influence on Water Immersion Restriction Stress

Conclusion

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Отрывок из книги

Toshikazu Yoshikawa Kyoto

Yuji Naito Kyoto

.....

Ock, C.Y.; Han, S.J.; Choi, K.-S.; Kim, E.-H.; Kim, J.H.; Hahm, K.-B. (Incheon)

Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Colitis

.....

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