Оглавление
Группа авторов. Uric Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease
Contributions to Nephrology
Uric Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
Renal Handling of Uric Acid
Abstract
Introduction
Circulating and Urinary Uric Acid Levels
Uric Acid Basis
Tubular Handling and Excretion of Uric Acid
Pathogenic Role of Uric Acid Renal Transport
References
Renal Effects of Hyperuricemia
Abstract
Renal Handling of Uric Acid
Experimental Urate Nephropathy
Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy
Hyperuricemia and Chronic Kidney Disease
Hyperuricemia and Hypertension, Implications in Renal Damage
Hyperuricemia and Metabolic Syndrome
Hyperuricemia and Renal Transplant
Conclusions
References
The Pathophysiology of Uric Acid on Renal Diseases
Abstract
Introduction
A Model for Mild Hyperuricemia
Renal Hemodynamics in Hyperuricemia
Damaging Intracellular Pathways Induced by Uric Acid
Conclusions
References
Uric Acid: The Unknown Uremic Toxin
Abstract
Introduction
Physiopathology
Chronic Renal Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Anti-Hyperuricemic Drugs in Renal Failure
Clinical Experiences
Conclusion
References
The Association between Serum Uric Acid and Renal Damage: The Takahata Study – New Insights
Abstract
Introduction
The Takahata Study
Renal Tubular Damage and Uric Acid
Glomerular Damage and Uric Acid
Uric Acid Threshold Levels for the Development of Renal Damage
The Mechanism by Which Uric Acid Causes Renal Damage
The Link between Uric Acid, Renal Damage, and Mortality
Conclusion
References
Significance of Hyperuricemia among Community-Based Screening Participants
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiological Studies
Intervention Study
Conclusion
References
Hyperuricemia and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Phenotype Transition of Renal Tubular and Endothelial Cells
Abstract
Introduction
UA-Induced EMT of Renal Tubular Cells
UA-Induced EndoMT of Endothelial Cells of Peritubular Capillaries
Other Types of Phenotype Transitions in HU
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Disclosure Statement
References
Time to Target Uric Acid to Retard Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology of Hyperuricemia in CKD
Mechanisms by Which Hyperuricemia Causes the Progression of CKD in Basic Research
Relationship between Hyperuricemia and CKD in Observational Studies
Effects of Urate Lowering Therapy on CKD in Randomized Controlled Trials
Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Disclosure Statement
References
Uric Acid: The Lower the Better?
Abstract
Introduction
A Treatment to Target Trial of Hyperuricemia
Overtreatment of Hyperuricemia: When is Low Too Low?
Conclusions
References
Gout: A Disease of Kings
Abstract
Historical Perspective
Uric Acid Evolution and Primitive Cultures
Epidemiology
Genetics
Conclusions
References
Systemic Implications of Hyperuricemia
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical Approach
Conclusions
References
Uric Acid as a Cause of the Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome: A Form of Fat Storage
Role of Fructose in Metabolic Syndrome
Fructose and Uric Acid: Activation of AMP Deaminase
Role of Uric Acid in Fructose-Dependent and -Independent Models of Metabolic Syndrome
Human Studies on the Role of Uric Acid in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Potential Mechanisms by Which Fructose and Uric Acid May Induce Insulin Resistance, Fatty Liver, and High Blood Pressure
Limitations to the Fructose-Uric Acid Hypothesis for Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Conclusions
References
Notes
Uric Acid and Diabetic Nephropathy Risk
Abstract
Introduction
Serum UA as a Predictor of the Development of DN
Serum UA as a Predictor of DN Progression
Evidence that Reduction in Serum UA Levels Benefits DN Progression
The PERL Study: Preventing Early Renal Function Loss in Type 1 Diabetes
Acknowledgements
References
Uric Acid in Pregnancy: New Concepts
Abstract
Introduction
Description of Our Experience
Conclusion
References
Uric Acid Renal Lithiasis: New Concepts
Abstract
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology of UA Stone Formation. Physical Chemistry of UA
Renal Handling of UA
Pathophysiology of Lithogenesis by UA. Intrinsic Factors Associated
Extrinsic Factors Associated
Etiology
Genetic Risk
Gouty Diathesis
Secondary Causes
Management and Treatment
Increased Fluid Intake
Diet
Alcalinization with Potassium Citrate
Efficacy of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Conclusions
References
Clinical Significance of Serum Uric Acid Levels in Mexican Young Adults
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology. Study Design and Variables
Statistical Analysis
Results. Association of Uric Acid According to Sex and Cardiometabolic Factors
Uric Acid and Association with Impaired Renal Function
Strength of Association and Clinical Significance of Uric Acid
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Treatment of Hyperuricemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Hyperuricemia Definitions in CKD and Assessment of Risk Factors
Treatment of Hyperuricemia
Pharmacological Treatment. Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Alopurinol Treatment and Kidney Outcomes
Febuxostat Treatment and Kidney Outcomes
Ongoing Trials
Controversies
Conclusions
References
Author Index
Subject Index
