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Группа авторов. Hidden Hunger: Strategies to Improve Nutrition Quality
Hidden Hunger: Strategies to Improve Nutrition Quality
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics
Hidden Hunger: Strategies to Improve Nutrition Quality
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Economic and Political Innovation for Nutritional Improvement
Abstract
Introduction
Economic Growth and Nutrition
The Principal Challenge of Mapping Nutrition Goals and Instruments
Economic and Political Innovations for Better Nutrition
Directions for Policy Innovations
Conclusion
References
What Does it Need to Improve Nutrition Quality? The Role of Public Partners
Abstract
Introduction
Nutrition Quality
The Role of Public Partners
Empowering and Protecting People
How Do We Interpret the Role of Public Partners in Germany?
References
The Devil is in the Detail: Understanding the Governance Challenges of Implementing Nutrition-Specific Programs on a Large Scale
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Considerations
2.1 The Concept of a “Governance Challenge”
2.2 Governance Challenges Faced by the Private Sector
2.3 Governance Challenges Faced by Government Agencies
2.4 Governance Challenges Faced by Third Sector Organizations
2.5 From “Best Practice to Best Fit”
3 Case Study Context: Implementation of ICDS in Bihar
4 Process Net-Map: An Empirical Tool to Identify Governance Challenges in Large-Scale Nutrition Programs. 4.1 Development of the Tool
4.1 Application Procedure
4.3 Research Design
4.4 Analysis
4.5 Quality Assurance
5 Results
5.1 Process Net-Map of Implementing the Food Supplementation Component of ICDS
5.2 Why Do Governance Challenges Prevail in Spite of Numerous Supervision Mechanisms?
6 Discussion
7 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Post-2015 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals: Where Are We Now? Global Opportunities to Address Malnutrition in all Its Forms, Including Hidden Hunger
Abstract
Introduction
Investing in Nutrition for a Better Common Future
Transforming Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition
International Nutrition System Changes and Recent Governance Initiatives to Address Malnutrition in all Its Forms
The Second International Conference on Nutrition
The SDGs of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2016–2030)
The United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025)
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Without Land, No Crops – Without Diversity, No Healthy and Sustainable Diets
Abstract
Global Hunger and Malnutrition
Land as a Critical Factor for Food and Nutrition Security
Shrinking Diversity on the Farm
Shrinking Diversity on the Market and on Plates
What Needs to Happen?
References
A Challenge for International Cooperation
Abstract
Fighting Famines Is Not Enough Anymore
From Quantity to Quality
Contribution to Combat Hidden Hunger
Irrigations Systems in Malawi
Rural Development and Market Access in Brazil
Human Rights and Land Conflicts in Chad
Conclusion
Appendix. Images of the Projects in Malawi, Brazil, and Chad
Rural Development in Brasil
Human Rights and Land Conflicts in Chad
References
Working with Santal Villagers, West Bengal, India: Moringa and Kitchen Gardens to Combat Malnutrition, 2012–2017
Abstract
Introduction
Working with Santal Villagers, West Bengal, India. Moringa and Kitchen Gardens to Combat Malnutrition, 2012–2017
Working with Santal Tribals
Key Aspects of Our Work from 2012 to 2017
The Kitchen Garden Programme – Our Approach
Sowing Periods
Moringa Powder for Nutrition Programmes
The Process of Harvesting Moringa
Acknowledgments
References
Multidimensional Nutritional Welfare of Children in Southern Africa: A Human Rights Consistent Approach
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology. First Order Dominance
Alkire-Foster
Data
Indicators
Child Nutritional Welfare. Indicator Trends
Temporal FOD
Spatial Welfare Comparisons
Conclusion
References
How to Accelerate the End of Hunger and Undernutrition
Abstract
A Quicker End to Hunger and Undernutrition
China and Vietnam: Agricultural Reforms
Brazil: Social Protection Programs Plus Targeted Nutrition Interventions
Thailand: Agricultural Reforms Plus Social Protection Programs and Targeted Nutrition Interventions
Strategies for Fighting Undernutrition
Compact2025: Bringing an End to Hunger and Undernutrition
The K&I Hubs
Roundtable Discussions in Focus Countries
South-South Learning Event
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
On the Link between Production Diversity and Dietary Quality in Smallholder Farm Households
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Foundations
Empirical Evidence
Role of Markets
Measurement Issues
Conclusion
References
Reducing Mineral and Vitamin Deficiencies through Biofortification: Progress Under HarvestPlus
Abstract
The Role of Agriculture to Reduce Mineral and Vitamin Deficiencies
The Justification for Biofortification
Crop Development
Releases of Biofortified Crops
Nutritional Bioavailability and Efficacy
Iron Crops
Vitamin A Crops
Zinc Crops
Delivery Experiences in Target Counties
Vegetatively Propagated Crops
Self-Pollinated Crops
Hybrid Crops
Future Directions for Biofortification: Transgenic Approaches
Conclusion
References
The Most Hidden of All the Hidden Hungers: The Global Deficiency in DHA and EPA and What to do About It
Abstract
International Intakes
Documenting Deficiency
Policy Inaction
Diminishing Deficiency
FISH
ALGAE
OMEGA-6s
CROPS
Conclusion
References
The Nutrition Paradox in India: The Coexistence of Undernutrition and Overnutrition
Abstract
Introduction
Body Mass Index
Classification of BMI as per WHO. For Children and Adolescents
For Adults
Causes of Overweight and Obesity
Health Hazards Due to Overweight and Obesity
Our Obesity Studies
Causes of Undernutrition
Undernutrition and Infection “Make Each other Worse”
Undernutrition at Different Ages
Unborn and New-Born Babies
Infants and Young Children
School-Age Children and Youths
Adults
Old People
Malnutrition versus Undernutrition
References
Transdisciplinary Approaches and Methods in the Context of Food and Nutrition Security
Abstract
Introduction – Why Transdisciplinary Research is Necessary
Definitions of Transdisciplinary Research
Principles and Key Features of Transdisciplinary Research
A Differentiated Understanding and Handling of Knowledge Diversity
The Building of a Research Team
A Process Concept for Research Collaboration
Conclusions
References
Unveiling the Menace of Hidden Hunger in Refugee Camps: Nutritional Status among Refugees, States Responsibility, and Key African Strategies on Nutrition
Abstract
Nutritional Status among Refugees
States Responsibility in Relation to Refugees’ Right to Adequate Food under International Law
Additional Perspectives to Address Hidden Hunger in Refugees’ Camps
African Regional Nutritional Strategy 2005–2015: Lessons Learned and Way Forward
Challenges of the Implementation of the ARNS
Way Forward
References
Combating Hidden Hunger in Agriculture Perspective
Abstract
Introduction
Foods with Micronutrient Deficiency
Improvement in Nutritional Value of Staple Foods
Agronomic Approaches
Breeding Approaches
Transgenic Approaches
Conclusion and Suggestion
Acknowledgment
References
Latin America and the Caribbean: Strategies to Fight Hidden Hunger
Abstract
Introduction
Community-Based Nutrition Strategy Model
Diversification of Agricultural Production
Sustainable Farm Management
Identify and Support Local Producers’ Organizations
Support Establishment of Agro-Industry
Nutrition Education
Conclusion
References
Strategies to Fight Hidden Hunger in Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan and Tunisia
Abstract
Background
Malnutrition in Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan, and Tunisia
Nutritional Policy and Its Implementation in Each Country
Major Challenges of Nutrition Improvement
Summary and Conclusions
References
Agricultural Assistance to Vulnerable, Food-Insecure Female-Headed Households in Kyrgyzstan
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Proposed Strategy
Expected Activities and Results
Conclusion
References
Linking Agriculture and Natural Resource Management towards Nutrition Security (LANN+)
Abstract
Introduction
Background
LANN+ Objectives
The Problem of Malnutrition in India
The LANN+ Approach Followed by Welthungerhilfe in India
Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (Figure 4)
Promotion of Uncultivated Foods
Water and Sanitation
Income Generation and Access to Entitlements
Nutrition Education and Capacity Building
Outcome of LANN+ in Selected Project Areas in India
Increase in Women’s Dietary Diversity (Figure 5)
Increase in Income (Figure 6)
Shorter Hunger Periods
Advantages of the LANN Approach
Challenges
Vitamin D deficiency: A Public Health Issue in High- and Low-Income Countries or Just Hype?
Abstract
Introduction
Probable and Possible Health Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency
Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in High and Low Income Countries
Addressing Vitamin D Deficiency: Lessons for LMICs from Industrialized Countries
Conclusion
References
Nutrition Education Cell, a Community Based Approach to Fight against Child Undernutrition and Strength Community Resilience, in Rural Area in Burkina Faso
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
What Is NEC Approach
Characteristics of the Dano Health District
Results
Conclusion
References
Students4Kids: Winning Project, Growing the Tree against Hunger (Ensete ventricosum) in Zambia
Abstract
Background: Ensete ventricosum (False Banana) or Tree against Hunger
The Benefits
Support of Technology and Digital Media
Degree of Innovation
Improvement of (Micro) Nutrient Supply
Risks and Challenges. Infrastructure
Approaches to Scaling
Time. Phase 1: Research, Development, and Preparation
Phase 2: Import and Implement
Phase 3: Results and Scaling up the Project
Conclusion
References
Author Index
Subject Index
