Оглавление
Группа авторов. Parathyroid Disorders
Frontiers of Hormone Research
Parathyroid Disorders
Contents
Preface
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Hypercalcemia and Differential Diagnosis
1. Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy from an Increased Secretion of PTHrP
2. Local Osteolytic Hypercalcemia from Osteoclastic Activity and Bone Resorption Surrounding the Tumor Tissue
3. Secretion of Active Vitamin D by Some Lymphomas
4. Ectopic PTH Secretion – Very Rare
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Epidemiology
Etiopathogenesis and Diagnosis
Classical and Nonclassical Clinical Manifestations
Skeletal Involvement
Renal Involvement
Nonclassical Clinical Manifestations
Surgical Management
Medical Therapies
References
Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Epidemiology
Diagnosis and Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Imaging
Natural History
Therapeutic Management. Surgical Treatment
Nonsurgical Management
Conclusion
References
Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Definition
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Clinical Features
Kidney Disease
Bone disease
Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk
Glucose Metabolism
Pregnancy
Parathyroid Gland Tumors
Natural History
Therapeutic Management. Effects of Parathyroidectomy
Effects of Medical Treatment
Conclusions
References
Familial and Hereditary Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Syndromic Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. MEN Type 1
MEN Type 2
MEN Type 4
Hereditary Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome
Nonsyndromic Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Familial Isolated PHPT
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism
Genetic Testing
Conclusions
References
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Genetics and Molecular Genetics
Diagnosis and Clinical Manifestations
Therapeutic Management
References
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Abstract
Epidemiology
Etiopathogenesis and Diagnosis. Etiology
Diagnosis
Clinical Manifestations and Natural History
Therapeutic Management. Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Other Treatments
Management of Hypercalcemia
Prognosis
Conclusions
References
Nonparathyroid Hypercalcemia
Abstract
Overview of Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Caused by Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide
Regulation of PTHrP Production
PTHrP Structure
Major Functions of PTHrP
Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Hypercalcemia with Elevated PTHrP and Skeletal Metastases
Hypercalcemia due to Constitutive Activation of the Type 1 PTH/PTHrP Receptor
Hypercalcemia Caused by Vitamin D. Malignancy-Associated Hypercalcemia with Elevated 1,25(OH)2D
Benign Causes of Hypercalcemia due to Vitamin D
Hypercalcemia Caused by Other Systemic and Local Factors Produced by Neoplastic Cells
References
Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Etiopathogenesis
Phosphorus Retention
Vitamin D Deficiency
Parathyroid Sensitivity to Calcium
FGF23/αKlotho Axis Derangement
Factors Affecting Bone Response to PTH
Factors Not Related to MM
Diagnosis. Biochemical Assessment
Morphological Bone Assessment
Parathyroid Gland Assessment
Clinical Manifestations. Mineral and Bone-Related Clinical Manifestations
Extraskeletal Clinical Manifestations
Therapeutic Management
Phosphorus Control
Correction of Vitamin D Deficiency
Modulation of CaSR
Surgical Therapy of SHP
Conclusions
References
Hypoparathyroidism
Abstract
Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis
Hypocalcemia: Etiology and Clinical Presentation of Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia: Differential Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia with High Parathyroid Hormone
Vitamin D Inadequacy
Drugs
Miscellaneous
Etiology and Epidemiology of Hypoparathyroidism
Developmental Disorders
Reduced Synthesis or Secretion of PTH
Parathyroid Gland Destruction
Syndromes of PTH Resistance
Other Miscellaneous Causes of Hypoparathyroidism
Conclusion
References
Classification of Hypoparathyroid Disorders
Abstract
Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Nonsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Autoimmune Hypoparathyroidism
Genetic Isolated Hypoparathyroidism
Genetic Syndromic Hypoparathyroidism
Diagnostic Assessment in Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
References
Clinical Presentation of Hypoparathyroidism
Abstract
Bone and Muscle Manifestations. Muscle Manifestations
Bone Manifestations
Fracture Risk
Renal Manifestations
Neurologic Manifestations
Cardiac Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Manifestations
Ophthalmic Manifestations
Cutaneous Manifestations
Dental Manifestations
Latent and Subclinical Hypoparathyroidism
Conclusion
References
Inactivating PTH/PTHrP Signaling Disorders
Abstract
Classification and Differential Diagnosis
Blomstrand and Eiken Syndromes, Now Termed iPPSD1
PHP1A/PHP1C, PPHP, and POH, Now Termed iPPSD2
PHP Type 1B, Now Termed iPPSD3
ACRDYS Type 1 and Type 2, Now Termed iPPSD4 and iPPSD5
Autosomal Dominant Hypertension with Brachydactyly, Now Termed iPPSD6
Etiopathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations of Parathyroid Hormone Resistance
Biochemical and Clinical Features
Therapeutic Management
Conclusions
References
Conventional Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism
Abstract
Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Management. Acute Therapeutic Management
Chronic Therapeutic Management
Calcium Supplementation
Active and Parental Vitamin D Supplementations
Magnesium Supplementation
Thiazide Diuretics
Phosphate Binders
References
A New Era for Chronic Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid Hormone Peptides
Abstract
Parathyroid Hormone (1–34)
rhPTH(1–84): Hormone Replacement Therapy
References
Author Index
Subject Index
