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Группа авторов. A History of Neuropsychology
Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
A History of Neuropsychology
Contents
Preface
The Discovery of Cerebral Specialization
Abstract
Introduction
Gall’s Localization Theory
The Brain as a Double Organ: Localization without Lateralization
Left-Hemisphere Specialization
Speech and the Frontal Lobe
What Was the Underlying Deficit?
The Left Hemisphere Is Not the Seat of All Language Functions
Comprehension and the Temporal Lobe
Dementia or Aphasia?
Cerebral Dominance
Right-Hemisphere Specialization “Objects, Places, Persons, &c.”
Emotion
Music
Localization of Symptoms or Localization of Function?
Explanations of Hemispheric Specialization
The Role of the Corpus Callosum
Further Developments
References
The Introduction of Emotions and Behavior in the Assessment of Neurological Patients
Abstract
Introduction
From Descriptive Single Case Reports to First Neuroanatomical Correlates
War Times, Questionnaires, and Group Studies
1980–1990s, Innovations and Emergence of Social Cognition
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Anatomical Error of Pierre Marie’s “Zone Lenticulaire”
Abstract
Pierre Marie’s “Zone Lenticulaire”
Confirmation of the Missing Portions from the Brain Slice
Pierre Marie’s Error in Identifying the Cortical Areas
Why Marie Did Not Notice the Missing Parts?
Dejerine’s Error in Identifying Triangular Part
References
Gogi (Word Meaning) Aphasia and Its Relation with Semantic Dementia
Abstract
A Brief Introduction of the Japanese Script System
The Syndrome of Gogi Aphasia
An Illustrative Case
Comprehension of Spoken Language
Naming of Objects
Repetition
Oral Reading
Writing
Copying Characters
Historical Background
Neuropsychological Interpretation
Responsible Lesions
Gogi Aphasia and Semantic Dementia
References
Alexia and Agraphia from 1861 to 1965
Abstract
Introduction
Setting the Stage
1861: Broca’s Aphemia
Alexia and Agraphia in the Wake of Broca’s Discovery
Alexia with and without Agraphia
Deconstruction
Apraxia and Agraphia
1965: Rediscovery and New Directions
References
Kanji (Morphogram) and Kana (Phonogram) Problem in Japanese Alexia and Agraphia
Abstract
Two Writing Systems in the Japanese Language
Kanji and Kana Problem before World War II
Kanji and Kana Problem after the War
The Role of the Right Hemisphere in the Recognition of Kanji
Recent Advancement in Understanding of Kanji and Kana Problem
Positron Emission Tomography and Functional MRI Studies
Pure Alexia for Kana or Pure Alexia for Letters
Pure Alexia Particularly for Kanji or Pure Alexia for Words
Kanji Agraphia due to a Posterior Middle Temporal Gyrus Lesion
Apraxic Agraphia
Allographic Agraphia
References
Early History of Amnesia
Abstract
Introduction
Amnesia: The Term
Descriptive and Diagnostic Considerations
Discussion and Summary
Acknowledgments
References
History of Anosognosia
Abstract
Introduction
The Main Three Steps Identified in the Construction of the Concept of Anosognosia
How Prior History and Personal Research Perspectives Influenced Anton’s and Babinski’s Contribution to the Development of the “Anosognosia” Construct
The Selective Nature of Anosognosia
Motivational Factors Can Influence Unawareness of Illness
Anosognosia of Patients with Impaired Cognition
Concluding Remarks
References
History of Amusia
Abstract
Types of Amusia (Table 1)
Brain Lesions and Amusia
Expressive Amusia
Receptive Amusia
Amnesic Amusia
Musical Alexia: Impairment of the Ability to Read Musical Scores
Musical Alexia with Agraphia: Impairment of the Ability to Read and Write Musical Scores
Musical Agraphia: Impairment of the Ability to Write Musical Scores
Instrumental Amusia: Impairment of the Ability to Play Musical Instruments
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Hemineglect and Attentional Dysfunction
Abstract
Introduction
History of Terminology Describing Hemi-Inattention and Neglect. Imperception
Dyschiria
Inattention
Visual Inattention
Unilateral Spatial Agnosia
Neglect
Other Usages of Neglect and Associated Concepts
Assessment, Recovery, and Remediation of Hemi-Inattention and Neglect
Early Ideas about the Origins of Hemi-Inattention and Neglect
Forgetting the Limb
Attentional Disorder
Psychic Amputation
Body Scheme
Perceptual Accounts
Summary and Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
History of “Frontal” Syndromes and Executive Dysfunction
Abstract
Introduction
Ancient Inquiry about Modern Executive Functions
Executive Function in the Dawn of Human Neuroscience
Executive Function and the “Frontal Syndromes” in Modern Neuropsychology
The Future of Executive Function
References
History of Subcortical Cognitive Impairment
Abstract
Introduction
Subcortical Dementia
Cognitive Impairment with Regional Subcortical Neuropathology
Basal Ganglia
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem
White Matter
Distributed Neural Networks
Conclusion
References
History of Dementia
Abstract
Introduction
From the Greco-Roman Period to the 18th Century: The Birth of a Concept
The 19th Century: Medical Recognition of Dementia
The 20th Century: From Dementia to Senile Dementia due to AD
Vascular Dementia
SD, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and the FTD Spectrum
PD and LBD
Conclusion
References
Neurology versus Psychiatry? Hallucinations, Delusions, and Confabulations
Abstract
Introduction
Hallucinations
Delusions
Confabulations
Conclusions
References
Developmental Cognitive Deficits: A Historical Overview of Early Cases
Abstract
Introduction
Attention
Language
Congenital Aphasia
Word Deafness
Anomia
Very Early Descriptions of Dyslexia
Dual Route Model and Variants of Dyslexia and Dysgraphia
Dyscalculia
Perception
Object Agnosia
Face
Color
Location Orientation
Music
Voice
Memory
Developmental Dysmnesia
Topographical Disorientation
Autism
Savant Syndrome
What Can We Learn?
References
History of Neuropsychological Assessment
Abstract
Assessment: Observation, Test, and Measurement
Observation
First Steps
Towards a Neuropsychological Battery
Observation Is the Rule!
The Psychometric Approach
Two Pioneers
From Binet to Army Alpha and Beta
The Wechsler-Bellevue
The Beginning of Standardization of Neuropsychological Tests
Aphasia Test Battery
Epilogue
References
Historical Pathway from Description of Cognitive Recovery to Formal Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
Abstract
Introduction. Definition
Background and Aims
Mythology and Religious Concepts
From the First Step of Medical School: Management of Cognitive Disorders to First Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Procedure. Founders of Medicine
Language Pathfinder
Pioneer in Behavioral and Cognitive Management
A Specific Focus on Language Disorders and Management
The Challenging Management of Hysteria (for Review See [45])
20th Century Genuine Take-Off of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. The Fathers of the Concept
(1) First World War: Setting-Up of a Rehabilitation Structure for Brain-Injured Patients and the First Formal Cognitive Rehabilitation Programs
(2) Second World War: Rehabilitation of Cognitive Functions Other than Language and the First Scientific Evaluation of Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation Programs
(3) Post-World-War Era: Improvement of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Programs and Tools along with Neurosciences’ Take-Off
Future Directions of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
References
Shining a Light on Some of the Most Famous 19th and 20th Century’s Neuropsychologists
Abstract
Introduction
Théophile Alajouanine (1890–1980)
References
Henry Charlton Bastian (1837–1915)
References
D. Frank Benson (1928–1996)
References
Arthur L. Benton (1909–2006)
References
Julian de Ajuriaguerra (1911–1993)
References
Ennio De Renzi (1924–2016)
References
Norman Geschwind (1926–1984)
References
Kurt Goldstein (1878–1965)
References
Sir Henry Head (1861–1940)
References
Henry Hécaen (1912–1983)
References
Pierre Janet (1859–1947)
References
François Lhermitte (1921–1998)
References
Jean Lhermitte (1877–1959)
References
Hugo Karl Liepmann (1863–1925)
References
Heinrich Lissauer (1861–1891)
References
Alexander Romanovich Luria (1902–1977)
References
Brenda Milner (1918–)
References
Théodule Ribot (1839–1916)
References
Charles Richet (1850–1935)
References
Paul Sollier (1861–1933)
References
Carl Wernicke (1848–1905)
References
Author Index
Subject Index
