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Группа авторов. Anterior Skull Base Tumors
Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Anterior Skull Base Tumors
Contents
Preface
Macroscopic and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Anterior Skull Base and Adjacent Structures
Abstract
Gross Anatomy
Midline ASB
Lateral ASB
Acknowledgements
Disclosure Statement
References
Pathology and Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Skull Base Tumours
Abstract
Epithelial-Derived Tumours
Malignant Tumours. Conventional Squamous Carcinoma
Differential Diagnosis
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Differential Diagnosis
NUT Carcinoma
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Well and Moderately Differentiated (Typical and Atypical Carcinoid)
Poorly Differentiated (Small and Large Cell)
Differential Diagnosis
Teratocarcinosarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas
Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma
Differential Diagnosis
Salivary Gland-Derived Carcinomas
Differential Diagnosis
Seromucinous Gland-Derived Carcinoma
Benign Tumours. Inverted Papilloma
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Soft Tissue Tumours: Malignant Tumours
Fibrosarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Synovial Sarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Angiosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Osteosarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma
Chordoma
Differential Diagnosis
Soft Tissue Tumours: Benign and Borderline Tumours. Fibromatosis
Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma
Meningioma
Angiofibroma
Neuroectodermal Neoplasms
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Differential Diagnosis
Ewing Sarcoma/PNET
Differential Diagnosis
Paraganglioma
Mucosal Melanoma
Differential Diagnosis
Hematolymphoid Tumours. Lymphomas
Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Tumours (Metastasis)
Disclosure Statement
References
The Role of Morphologic and Functional Imaging in Pretreatment Assessment
Abstract
Imaging Techniques. Assessing the Local Tumor Extent
Assessing the Regional and Distant Neoplastic Extent
A Checklist Approach to Reporting Lesions Involving the ASB
Epicenter of Tumor Located in the Nasal Cavity or Ethmoid
Malignant Tumors Arising in the Maxillary Sinus
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Meningiomas
TNM Classification
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Transnasal Endoscopic Surgery: Surgical Techniques and Complications
Abstract
Indications and Contraindications
Surgical Technique. Instrumentation
Operative Setup
Surgical Approach
Identification of Tumor Origin
Exposure of the Surgical Field
Centripetal Removal
Skull Base Removal
Intracranial Step
Skull Base Reconstruction
Complications
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Anterior Skull Base Surgery in the 21st Century: The Role of Open Approaches
Abstract
Preoperative Management
Surgical Approaches for the Resection of Sinonasal and ASB Malignancies
Evolution of Sinonasal/ASB Surgical Approaches
Postoperative Complications and Oncological Outcomes of Open Surgery
QoL of Patients Undergoing Open ASB Surgery
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Update of Radiation Techniques Using Photons for Anterior Skull Base Tumors
Abstract
General Role of Photon RT
Historical Outcomes and Toxicity for Photon RT
Intensity-Modulated RT
Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy
Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
The Evolving Role of Systemic Therapy in the Primary Treatment of Sinonasal Cancer
Abstract
Locoregionally Advanced Disease
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy
Review of the Literature and Ongoing Studies
Specific Histologies. Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Targeted Therapy in SNC
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Particle Therapy: Protons and Heavy Ions
Abstract
Salivary Gland Malignancies
Mucosal Melanoma
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
SCC, AC, and Other Rare Malignancies of the Paranasal Sinus and Anterior Skull Base (SNUC, SNEC)
Re-Irradiation
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Benign Tumors of the Anterior Cranial Base
Abstract
Presentation
Evaluation
Principles of Treatment
Specific Tumors. Meningioma
Schwannoma
Fibro-Osseous Tumors
Angiofibroma
Inverted Papilloma
Olfactory Hamartoma
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches for Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas
Abstract
Preoperative Imaging
Endoscopic Transnasal Approach
OG Meningiomas
PS Meningiomas
TS Meningiomas
Limits of EEA
Complementary Therapies
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants
Abstract
Paranasal Sinuses/Nasal Cavity. Incidence and Epidemiology
Etiology
Presentation
Routes of Spread
Pathology
Primary Cutaneous and Orbital SCC
Clinical Examination
Investigations. Cross-Sectional Imaging
Tissue Diagnosis
TNM Staging
Treatment
Surgery
Resectability
Management of the Dura/Brain
Management of the Orbit
Management of the Neck
Role of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Outcomes Data and Prognostic Factors
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
A Comprehensive Update on Intestinal- and Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinomas
Abstract
Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Histology
Immunohistochemical and Molecular Studies
Treatment
Surgery
Technical Aspects of EER/CER
Limitations of EER
Neck Dissection in ITAC/Non-ITAC
RT: Indications
RT: Technical Aspects
Follow-Up
Recurrence during Follow-Up
Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapies
Molecular Pathways – Possible Targeted Therapies
Treatment Results and Prognostic Factors Modifying These Outcomes
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Abstract
Epidemiology
Origin
Clinical Findings and Behavior
Imaging
Pathology
Classifications
Treatment
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Prognosis
Posttreatment Surveillance
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Abstract
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Disclosure Statement
References
Sinonasal Malignant Melanoma
Abstract
Clinical Features
Diagnosis. Imaging
Staging
Histology and Biomarkers
Natural History
Treatment. Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy and Immunomodulation
Outcome of Treatment Modalities
Prognostic Factors
Key Points/Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Abstract
Epidemiology
Pathology
Clinical History
Diagnosis
Treatment. Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Outcome and Prognosis
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Other Rare Sinonasal Malignant Tumours Involving the Anterior Skull Base
Abstract
Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma
Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma
Sinonasal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sinonasal Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma
Nuclear Protein in Testis Midline Carcinoma
Other Sarcomas
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Posttreatment Imaging Surveillance
Abstract
Pillar 1: Imaging Technique
Pillar 2: Expected Changes after Treatment. Surgery
RT Changes
Pillar 3: Complications. Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Pillar 4: Patterns of Tumor Recurrence
Disclosure Statement
References
Treatment Options for Recurrent Anterior Skull Base Tumors
Abstract
Surgery
Re-Irradiation
Intensity-Modulated RT
Stereotactic RT
Salivary Gland Carcinomas
Meningioma
Particle Therapy
Systemic Therapy
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Future Perspectives in the Management of Tumors of the Anterior Skull Base
Abstract
Disclosure Statement
References
Author Index
Subject Index
