Оглавление
Группа авторов. Advances in Neurolaryngology
Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Advances in Neurolaryngology
Contents
Preface
Dedication
Structure, Function and Insertion of the Human Vocal Folds
Abstract
Disclosure Statement
References
Visual Neurolaryngology
Abstract
Principles of Visual Neurolaryngeal Physiology. Electromyography
We Need a Mental Map
Regrowth
Bilateral Symmetry
Observing Muscles
Definitions of Movement
Cranial Nerve X Examination. Upper Ganglion Branch – Supplies Palatal Levator
Lower Ganglion Branch
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis
Findings
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve. Posterior Cricoarytenoid Findings
Other Notes
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Findings
Other Notes
Thyroarytenoid Findings
Other Notes
Reinnervation
Tools for an Examination
Flexible Endoscope with Camera
Digital Recording
Topical Anesthesia
Close Exam
Vocal Manipulation
View Atrophy
Summary
Disclosure Statement
Laryngeal Electromyography
Abstract
Introduction
Guidelines and Training in LEMG
New Techniques and Tools
Prognostic Value for Patients with Vocal Fold Palsy
Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring and Perioperative LEMG in Thyroid Surgery
LEMG-Guided Injections
Electrostimulation to Select Cases for Laryngeal Pacing
Rarer Laryngeal Diseases and Neurological Diseases. Laryngeal Dystonia (Spasmodic Dysphonia)
Postviral Vagal Neuropathy
Parkinson’s Disease
Epilepsy
Other New Indications and Future Directions
Disclosure Statement
References
Objective Measures of Stroboscopy and High-Speed Video
Abstract
Introduction
High-Speed Video
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Radiology in Neurolaryngology
Abstract
Imaging in the Normal Larynx
Subsections
Laryngeal Nerves
Central (Intracranial) Pathology
Demyelination
Cisternal and Skull Base Components
Extracranial Suprahyoid Segment
Infrahyoid/Thoracic Segment
Larynx
Imaging Manifestations of Laryngeal Nerve Pathology
Superior Laryngeal Nerves
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Intrinsic Neurological Conditions. Spasmodic Dysphonia
Parkinson’s Disease
Disclosure Statement
References
Acoustic Assessment
Abstract
Objective Acoustic Analysis
Fundamental Frequency (F0)
Perceptual Evaluation of Voice
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Vocal Fold Immobility: An Algorithm for Treating Glottal Insufficiency
Abstract
Introduction
Evaluation
History. Symptoms
Visualization of the Glottis
Speech Language Pathology and Other Subspecialty Evaluations
Treatment Options and Medical Decision Making
Injection Augmentation
Medialization Laryngoplasty
Speech Language Pathology
Other
Results
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Injection Laryngoplasty for Management of Neurological Vocal Fold Immobility
Abstract
Introduction
Terminology
History of Injection Laryngoplasty
Preoperative Considerations. Indications
Patient Selection
Timing of Injection after Onset of Paralysis
Direct Laryngoscopy under General Anesthesia and Awake Transnasal Endoscopy for Guidance under Local Anesthesia
Injectable Materials (Table 1) On-Label and Off-Label Use
Effects of Injectable Material on Laryngeal Physiology
Chemical Composition/Viscosity
Location of Injectate
Host Reaction
Resorption Rates
Injectable Materials Designed for Relative Long-Term Stability
Short-Term Injectables
Technique
Techniques under General Anesthesia through Direct Rigid Endoscopy
Techniques under Local Anesthesia with either Transoral or Percutaneous Approaches
Outcomes Assessment
Advances
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Medialization Thyroplasty and Arytenoid Adduction for Management of Neurological Vocal Fold Immobility
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Background
Surgical Indications
Patient Assessment, Selection, Timing, and Investigations. History and Examination
Informed Consent
Anesthetic Considerations
Timing
Laryngeal Electromyography
Voice Assessment
Swallow Assessment
Respiratory Assessment
Medialization Thyroplasty with the MTIS. Patient Positioning and Operative Theatre Setup
Materials and Implant Varieties
Special Equipment
Step 3 – Specific Equipment
Operative Procedure. Anesthetic Considerations
Positioning, Incision, and Raising of Flaps
Design and Construction of Window
Sizing of Implant
Insertion of Implant and Closure
Postoperative Advice and Voice Therapy
Medialization Thyroplasty with Other Implants
Arytenoid Adduction
Pitfalls and Pearls
New Developments and Techniques
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Laryngeal Reinnervation: The History and Where We Stand Now
Abstract
Introduction
Surgical Reinnervation General Considerations
Nonselective Reinnervation
RLN Repair
Anastomosis of Foreign Nerves to the RLN Mainstem
Selective Reinnervation
Types of Selective Reinnervation
Function-Based Selective Reinnervation
Delayed Reinnervation
Clinical Treatment Options with Laryngeal Reinnervation
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Disclosure Statement
References
Laryngeal Synkinesis: A Viable Condition for Laryngeal Pacing
Abstract
Introduction
The Clinical Course of Laryngeal Synkinesis
The Evolution of Laryngeal Pacing
The LP System Pacemaker
Benefits of Synkinesis over Denervation for Laryngeal Pacing
Suitable Candidates for Laryngeal Pacing
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Addressing the Arytenoid in Paralytic Dysphonia Using the Adduction Arytenopexy
Abstract
Introduction
Important Findings in the Preoperative Examination
Adduction Arytenopexy: Surgical Procedure
Separation of the Cricothyroid Joint
Separating the Inferior Constrictors and Cutting the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
The Adduction Arytenopexy Suture
Hypopharyngoplasty for Paralytic Dysphagia
Medialization Laryngoplasty
Cricothyroid Subluxation
Wound Closure
Evidence Supporting Adduction Arytenopexy
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Laryngeal Transplantation
Abstract
Introduction
Scientific Background. The Rat Model
The Pig and Dog Models
Ethical Background. Quality of Life after Laryngectomy
Risk Acceptance of Laryngeal Transplantation
Human Larynx Transplants. First Transplant
Cleveland Clinic Patient
UC Davis Patient
Colombian Patients
Polish Patient
Future Directions
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Botulinum Toxin Injection (Chemodenervation)
Percutaneous Injection for Adductor SD (Fig. 2)
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle Injection for Abductor SD (Fig. 3)
Transoral/Transnasal Injection
Surgery
Experimental Therapies
Abductor SD
Refractory SD
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Neuromuscular Disease Affecting the Larynx
Abstract
Introduction
Motor Neuron Disease
Role of Otolaryngologist in Initial Diagnosis of ALS/MND
Dysphagia in ALS/MND
Drooling in ALS/MND
Dysphonia and Dysarthria in ALS/MND
Tracheostomy in ALS/MND
Peripheral Neuropathy, Including Polyneuropathy and Hereditary Neuropathy
Myasthenia Gravis
Myopathies Including Muscular Dystrophies
Sensory Neuropathy and the Larynx
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Hidden Anatomy of Opera Singers
Abstract
Introduction
The Role of the Infraglottic Air Pressure in Phonation
Glottic Muscles Innervation: Special Properties of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Returned Impedance
Phonation Function and Innervation of Palatoglossus and Palatopharyngeus Muscles
Brain Control of the Opera Voice
Scale in Three Levels of Voice Control
Somatosensitive Processing
Auditory Processing
Integration Substrate of Sensory Feedback in Speech Motor Control
Effects of Singing Exercises on the Somatosensitive Control of Singing Voice
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Future Advances in Neurolaryngology
Abstract
Introduction
Physiological Aspects
Diagnostic Aspects
Therapeutic Advances
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Author Index
Subject Index
