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Группа авторов. Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application
Preface
1. Functionalized Nanomaterial (FNM)–Based Catalytic Materials for Water Resources
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electrocatalysts as FNMs
1.3 Electro-Fenton/Hetero Electro-Fenton as FNMs
1.4 Hetero Photo-Fenton as FNMs
1.4.1 Heterogenous-Fentons-Based FNMs
1.4.2 Photo-Fentons-Based FNMs
1.5 Photocatalysts as FMNs
1.5.1 Carbon-Based FNMs as Photocatalysts. 1.5.1.1 CNT-Based FNMs
1.5.1.2 Fullerene-Based FNMs
1.5.1.3 Graphene (G)/Graphene Oxide (GO)–Based FNMs
1.5.1.4 Graphene-Carbon Nitride/Metal or Metalloid Oxide–Based FNMs
1.5.1.5 Graphene-Carbon Nitride/QD-Based FNMs
1.5.2 Polymer Composite–Based FNMs as Photocatalysts
1.5.3 Metal/Metal Oxide-Based FNMs as Photocatalysts
1.6 Nanocatalyst Antimicrobials as FNMs
1.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
2. Functionalized Nanomaterial (FNM)–Based Catalytic Materials for Energy Industry
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Different Types of Nanomaterials
2.2.1 Zero-Dimensional (0D) Nanostructures
2.2.2 One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructures
2.2.3 Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanostructures
2.2.4 Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanostructures
2.3 Synthesis of Functionalized Nanomaterials
2.3.1 Chemical Methods
2.3.2 Ligand Exchange Process
2.3.3 Grafting of Synthetic Polymers
2.3.4 Miscellaneous Methods
2.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.4.1 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.4.2 Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.4.3 Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.4.3.1 Covalent Bond Formation
2.4.3.2 Ligand Exchange
2.4.3.3 Click Reaction
2.4.3.4 Maleimide Coupling
2.5 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
2.5.1 Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials
2.5.2 Synthesis of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
2.6 Application of Functionalized Nanomaterials in the Energy Industry Through Removal of Heavy Metals by Adsorption
2.6.1 Removal of Arsenic by Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.6.2 Removal of Cadmium by Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.6.3 Removal of Chromium by Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.6.4 Removal of Mercury by Magnetic Nanoparticles
2.7 Conclusions
References
3. Bionanotechnology-Based Nanopesticide Application in Crop Protection Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Few Words About Pesticide
3.3 What About Biopesticide Demand
3.4 A Brief Look on Associates Responsible for Crop Loss
3.5 Traditional Inclination of Chemical-Based Pest Management
3.6 Nanotechnology in the Field of Agriculture
3.7 Why Nanotechnology-Based Agriculture is the Better Option With Special Reference to Nano-Based Pesticide?
3.8 Biological-Based Pest Management
3.9 Nano-Based Pest Management
3.10 Nanopesticides
3.11 Required to Qualify for Selection as Nanobiopesticides
3.12 Pestiferous Insect’s Management. 3.12.1 Chemical Nanomaterials
3.12.2 Bionanomaterials
3.13 Critical Points for Nanobiopesticides
3.14 Other Pests
3.15 Post-Harvest Management and Their Consequences
3.16 Field Test for Nanobiopesticides for Pest Control
3.17 Merits and Consequences of Chemical and Bionanomaterials
3.18 Conclusion
References
4. Functionalized Nanomaterials (FNMs) for Environmental Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Methods for the Functionalization of Nanomaterials
4.1.1.1 Functionalization by Organic Moieties. 4.1.1.1.1 Direct Functionalization (Cocondensation and In Situ)
4.1.1.1.2 Postsynthetic Functionalization (Grafting)
4.1.1.2 Surface Polymerization
4.1.1.2.1 Grafting-To
4.1.1.2.2 Grafting-From
4.1.1.2.3 Grafting-Through
4.1.2 Nanomaterial-Functional Group Bonding Type
4.1.2.1 Functionalization by Covalent Bond
4.1.2.2 Functionalization by Noncovalent Bond
4.2 Functionalized Nanomaterials in Environmental Applications. 4.2.1 Chitosan
4.2.2 Cellulose
4.2.3 Alumina
4.2.4 Mixed Composites
4.2.5 Other Nanocomposites for Environment
4.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
5. Synthesis of Functionalized Nanomaterial (FNM)–Based Catalytic Materials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methods Followed for Fabrication of FNMs
5.2.1 Co-Precipitation Method
5.2.2 Impregnation
5.2.3 Ion Exchange
5.2.4 Immobilization/Encapsulation
5.2.5 Sol-Gel Technique
5.2.6 Chemical Vapor Deposition
5.2.7 Microemulsion
5.2.8 Hydrothermal
5.2.9 Thermal Decomposition
5.3 Functionalized Nanomaterials
5.3.1 Carbon-Based FNMs
5.3.1.1 Carbon-Based FNMs as Heterogeneous Catalysts
5.3.2 Metal and Metal Oxide–Based FNMs
5.3.2.1 Functionalization Technique of Metal Oxides
5.3.2.2 Silver-Based FNMs as Heterogeneous Catalysts
5.3.2.3 Platinum-Based FNMs as Heterogeneous Catalysts
5.3.2.4 Pd-Based FNMs as Heterogeneous Catalysts
5.3.2.5 Zirconia-Based FNMs as Heterogeneous Catalysts
5.3.3 Biomaterial-Based FNMs
5.3.3.1 Chitosan/Cellulose-Based FNMs as Heterogeneous Catalysts
5.3.4 FNMs for Various Other Applications
5.3.5 Comparison Table
5.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
6. Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Applications—Silica and Iron Oxide
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Silicon Dioxide or Silica. 6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles. 6.2.2.1 Sol-Gel Method
6.2.2.2 Microemulsion
6.2.3 Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles
6.2.4 Applications
6.2.4.1 Epoxidation of Geraniol
6.2.4.2 Epoxidation of Styrene
6.3 Iron Oxide. 6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Synthesis of Functionalized Fe NPs. 6.3.2.1 Biopolymer-Based Synthesis
6.3.2.2 Plant Extract–Based Synthesis
6.3.3 Applications. 6.3.3.1 Degradation of Dyes
6.3.3.2 Wastewater Treatment
References
7. Nanotechnology for Detection and Removal of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Water
7.1 Introduction
7.2 History of Nanotechnology
7.3 Heavy Metal Detective Nanotechnology
7.3.1 Nanotechnology for Arsenic (Aas) Removal
7.3.2 Nanotechnology for Lead Removal from Water
7.3.3 Nanotechnology for Cadmium (Cd) Removal from Water
7.3.4 Nanotechnology for Nickel (Ni) Removal
7.4 Futuristic Research
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. Nanomaterials in Animal Health and Livestock Products
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nanomaterials
8.3 Nanomaterials and Animal Health. 8.3.1 Role in Disease Diagnostics
8.3.2 Role in Drug Delivery Systems
8.3.3 Role in Therapeutics
8.3.4 Toxicity and Risks
8.4 Nanomaterials and Livestock Produce. 8.4.1 Nanomaterials and Product Processing
8.4.1.1 Nanoencapsulation
8.4.1.1.1 Association Colloids
8.4.1.1.2 Nanoemulsions
8.4.1.1.2.1 COMMON FOOD GRADE CONSTITUENTS OF NANOEMUSLIONS
8.4.1.1.2.2 PRODUCTION OF NANOEMULSIONS
8.4.1.1.2.3 APPLICATIONS OF NANOEMULSIONS
8.4.1.1.3 Biopolymeric Nanoparticles
8.4.2 Nanomaterials and Sensory Attributes
8.4.3 Nanomaterials and Packaging
8.4.3.1 Nanocomposite
8.4.3.2 Nanosensors
8.4.4 Safety and Regulations
8.5 Conclusion
References
9. Restoring Quality and Sustainability Through Functionalized Nanocatalytic Processes
9.1 Introduction. 9.1.1 Nanotechnology Toward Attaining Global Sustainability
9.2 Nano Approach Toward Upgrading Strategies of Water Treatment and Purification
9.2.1 Nanoremediation Through Engineered Nanomaterials
9.2.2 Electrospun-Assisted Nanosporus Membrane Utilization
9.2.3 Surface Makeover Related to Electrospun Nanomaterials
9.2.4 Restoring Energy Sources Through Nanoscience
9.3 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
10. Synthesis and Functionalization of Magnetic and Semiconducting Nanoparticles for Catalysis
10.1 Functionalized Nanomaterials in Catalysis. 10.1.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.1.1.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.1.1.2 Organic Synthesis by Magnetic Nanoparticles as Catalyst
10.1.2 Semiconducting Nanoparticles
10.1.2.1 Homogeneous Catalysis
10.1.2.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis
10.1.2.3 Photocatalytic Reaction Mechanism
10.2 Types of Nanoparticles in Catalysis. 10.2.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.2.1.1 Ferrites
10.2.1.1.1 Hard Ferrites
10.2.1.1.2 Soft Ferrites
10.2.1.2 Ferrites With Shell
10.2.1.3 Metallic
10.2.1.4 Metallic Nanoparticles With a Shell
10.2.2 Semiconducting Nanoparticles
10.2.2.1 Binary Semiconducting Nanoparticles in Catalysis
10.2.2.2 Oxide-Based Semiconducting Nanoparticles, for Example, TiO2, ZrO2, and ZnO
10.2.2.3 Chalcogenide Semiconducting Nanoparticles for Catalysis
10.2.2.4 Nitride-Based Semiconducting Photocatalyst
10.2.2.5 Ternary Oxides
10.2.2.6 Ternary Chalcogenide Semiconductors
10.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Catalysis. 10.3.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.3.1.1 Co-Precipitation Route
10.3.1.2 Hydrothermal Method
10.3.1.3 Microemulsion Method
10.3.1.4 Sono-Chemical Method
10.3.1.5 Sol-Gel Method
10.3.1.6 Biological Method
10.3.2 Semiconducting Nanoparticles
10.3.2.1 Tollens Method
10.3.2.2 Microwave Synthesis
10.3.2.3 Hydrothermal Synthesis
10.3.2.4 Gas Phase Method
10.3.2.5 Laser Ablation
10.3.2.6 Wet-Chemical Approaches
10.3.2.7 Sol-Gel Method
10.4 Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Application in Catalysis. 10.4.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.4.2 Semiconducting Nanoparticles
10.4.2.1 Noble Valuable Metal Deposition
10.4.2.2 Functionalization by Ion Doping: Metal or Non-Metal
10.4.2.3 Semiconductor Composite or Coupling of Two Semiconductors
10.5 Application-Based Synthesis. 10.5.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles. 10.5.1.1 Silica-Coated Nanoparticles
10.5.1.2 Carbon-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.5.1.3 Polymer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.5.1.4 Semiconductor Shell Formation Over the Magnetic Nanoparticle
10.5.2 Semiconducting Nanoparticles
10.5.2.1 Semiconductor Nanomaterials in Solar Cell
10.5.2.2 Batteries and Fuel Cells
10.5.2.3 Semiconducting Nanomaterials for Environment
10.5.2.4 Challenges for Water Treatment Using Nanomaterials
10.6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
11. Green Pathways for Palladium Nanoparticle Synthesis: Application and Future Perspectives
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Methods for Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis
11.1.2 Biogenic Synthesis of PdNPs
11.1.3 Phytochemicals: Constituent of Plant Extract
11.1.4 Techniques for Characterization of Metal NPs
11.2 Biosynthesis of PdNPs and Its Applications
11.2.1 Synthesis of PdNPs Using Black Pepper Plant Extract
11.2.2 Synthesis of PdNPs Using Papaya Peel
11.2.3 Synthesis of PdNPs Using Watermelon Rind
11.2.4 Synthesis of Cellulose-Supported PdNs@PA
11.2.5 PdNPs Synthesis by Pulicaria glutinosa Extract
11.2.6 Synthesis of PdNPs using Star Apple
11.2.7 PdNPs Synthesis Using Ocimum Sanctum Extract
11.2.8 PdNPs Synthesis Using Gum Olibanum Extract
11.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
12. Metal-Based Nanomaterials: A New Arena for Catalysis
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Fabrication Methods of Nanocatalysts
12.3 Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts
12.4 Types of Nanocatalysis
12.4.1 Green Nanocatalysis
12.4.2 Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis
12.4.3 Homogeneous Nanocatalysis
12.4.4 Multiphase Nanocatalysis
12.5 Different Types of Metal-Based Nanoparticles/Crystals Used in Catalysis
12.5.1 Transition Metal Nanoparticles
12.5.2 Perovskite-Type Oxides Metal Nanoparticles
12.5.3 Multi-Metallic/Nano-Alloys/Doped Metal Nanoparticles
12.6 Structure and Catalytic Properties Relationship
12.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgment
References
13. Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application: Trends and Developments
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Nanocatalysis
13.1.2 Factors Affecting Nanocatalysis
13.1.2.1 Size
13.1.2.2 Shape and Morphology
13.1.2.3 Catalytic Stability
13.1.2.4 Surface Modification
13.1.3 Characterization Techniques
13.1.4 Principles of Green Chemistry
13.1.5 Role of Functionalization
13.1.6 Frequently Used Support Materials
13.2 Different Types of Nanocatalysts. 13.2.1 Metal Nanoparticles
13.2.2 Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds
13.2.3 Single Atom Catalysts
13.2.4 Magnetically Separable Nanocatalysts
13.2.5 Metal Organic Frameworks
13.2.6 Carbocatalysts
13.3 Catalytic Applications. 13.3.1 Organic Transformation
13.3.2 Electrocatalysis
13.3.2.1 Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
13.3.2.1.1 Tin-Based Electrocatalysts
13.3.2.1.2 Copper-Based Electrocatalysts
13.3.2.1.3 Ni/Other Metal–Based Single Atom Catalysts
13.3.2.1.4 Macrocyclic Transition Metal Complexes
13.3.2.2 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
13.3.2.3 Fuel Cells
13.3.3 Photocatalysis
13.3.3.1 Photocatalytic Treatment of Wastewater
13.3.3.2 Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 Into Fuels
13.3.3.3 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution From Water
13.3.4 Conversion of Biomass Into Fuels
13.3.5 Other Applications
13.4 Conclusions
13.4.1 Future Outlook
References
14. Carbon Dots: Emerging Green Nanoprobes and Their Diverse Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Classification of Carbon Dots
14.3 Environmental Sustainable Synthesis of Carbon Dots
14.3.1 Hydrothermal Treatment
14.3.2 Solvothermal Treatment
14.3.3 Microwave-Assisted Method
14.3.4 Pyrolysis Treatment
14.3.5 Chemical Oxidation
14.4 Characterization of Carbon Dots
14.5 Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Carbon Dots
14.5.1 Absorbance
14.5.2 Photoluminescence
14.5.3 Quantum Yield
14.5.4 Up-Conversion Photoluminescence (Anti-Stokes Emission)
14.5.5 Photoinduced Electron Transfer
14.5.6 Photocatalytic Property
14.6 Carbon Dots in Wastewater Treatment
14.6.1 Heavy Metal Removal
14.6.2 Removal of Dyes
14.6.3 Photodegradation of Antibiotics
14.6.4 Removal of Other Pollutants
14.6.5 Bacterial Inactivation
14.6.6 Oil Removal
14.7 Carbon Dots for Energy Applications and Environment Safety
14.7.1 Solar Light–Driven Splitting of Water
14.7.2 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
14.7.3 Photocatalytic Synthetic Organic Transformations
14.8 Biomedical Applications of Carbon Dots
14.8.1 Bioimaging
14.8.2 Carbon Dots as Biosensors, pH Sensors, and Temperature Sensors
14.8.3 Carbon Dots for Drug Delivery
14.8.4 Carbon Dots as Carriers for Neurotherapeutic Agents
14.9 Ethical, Legal, and Sociological Implications of Carbon Dots
14.10 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
Index
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