Оглавление
Группа авторов. A Companion to Greek Warfare
BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD
ANCIENT HISTORY
LITERATURE AND CULTURE
A COMPANION TO GREEK WARFARE
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations and Short Titles
List of Maps and Figures. Maps
Figures
Table
Introduction
Notes
CHAPTER 1 Bronze Age and Early Greek Wars
Defense of the Mycenaean Kingdom of Pylos (c. 1220/1200)
Dark Ages and Archaic Period
Myth to “History”: The Iliad27
History to Myth: Early Greek Wars
The Lelantine War38 (Probably c. 710/700)
Excursus: Naval Battles
Sparta’s Wars: Immigration and Conquest of Laconia (c. 950/930)
Expansion Realized and Thwarted: Messenia, Argos, and Arcadia (c. 700/690–550)
Abortive Campaign Against Cleisthenic Athens (506)
Athens Versus Aegina (505/504–481)
Notes
CHAPTER 2 The Persian Wars to Alexander
Introduction: Persia and Greece, No Archenemies
From the Ionian Revolt to Xerxes’ Greek Campaign
Persia and Greece from the Peloponnesian War to the King’s Peace
Persia, Macedon, and Greece from Philip II to Alexander III
Notes
CHAPTER 3 Internal Wars from the “First Peloponnesian War” to Chaeronea
Introduction
The “First Peloponnesian War” (460–446/445)
The Peloponnesian War (431–404)
The Corinthian War (395–387/386)
Spartan Imperialism (387/386–371)
The Theban Hegemony (371–362)
The Road to Chaeronea (362–338)
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Land Warfare
Philip II
Chaeronea and Combined Arms
Hellenistic Innovations
Later Battles: Raphia, Magnesia, and Pydna
Notes
CHAPTER 5 Greek Warfare in Sicily
Greeks and Indigenous Peoples. Upon arrival
Colonial expansion and neighborhood conflicts
Indigenous ambitions for power
Colonial Rivalries and Regional Power Struggles
Territorial conflicts
Tyrannies and imperialist aspirations
Foreign Wars. Sicily and the Greek world outside Italy
Southern Italy
Athens
Carthage
Rome
Internecine Conflicts
Notes
CHAPTER 6 The Nature of Hoplite Warfare
The Cornerstone: Hoplite Equipment
Hoplite Warfare and Hoplite Ideology
Hoplite Orthodoxy (cont’d)
The Hoplite Narrative
Future Prospects
Notes
CHAPTER 7 Cavalry Battle in Greece and the Hellenistic East
The Greek Horse
The Near Eastern Horse
Creating a Warhorse
Greek Arms and Armor
Use in Combat
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 8 Siege Warfare
A Definition and (Philonian) Basics
Beginnings
Early Technology
The Peloponnesian War
The West
Aeneas
Macedonian Siegecraft
The Early Hellenistic Period
Philo
Overview
Notes
CHAPTER 9 The Organization of Greek Armies
Numbers
Units
Rank
Practical and Cultural Aspects of Organization
Concluding Remarks
Notes
CHAPTER 10 Generalship
Generalship in Homer’s Iliad
Generalship in the Classical Age
Hellenistic Generalship
Notes
CHAPTER 11 Greek Camps and Camp Followers
Setting Up and Laying Out a Camp
Guards, Security Measures, and Entrenchments
Campaign Life and Military Solidarity
Conclusions
Notes
CHAPTER 12 Greeks in Foreign Service: The Case of the Achaemenid Empire
From Pelusium to Marathon
From Thermopylae to Aegospotami
From Cunaxa to Perinthus
The Macedonian Conquest
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 13 The Royal Elite of the Achaemenid Army
“Palatine” Infantry
The Infantry Guard
The Cavalry Guard, or Kinsmen Cavalry
Arms and Armor
Concluding Remarks
Notes
CHAPTER 14 Parthian Warfare Under the Early Arsacids1
Army Organization
Weapons
Armor
The Cataphracts: Formative Period
The Arsacid Cataphracts and Other Cavalry Types
Parthian Infantry
Parthian Fortifications
Parthian Strategy
Notes
CHAPTER 15 Elephants in Hellenistic Warfare
Indian War Elephants
The Successors
The Demise of the War Elephant
Notes
CHAPTER 16 Thracian Warfare
Historical Précis
Alternative Sources for Thracian Warfare
Ways Forward
Battlefields
Weapon Hoards
Militaria in Graves and Tombs
Notes
CHAPTER 17 Logistics
Food Supplies When Setting Out on Campaign
Other Logistical Requirements
Logistics for Slaves and Animals
Providing Food in the Field
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 18 Fortifications
Typological Development of Fortifications
The Building Process: Materials, Techniques, Masonry Forms
Functions
Historical and Regional Contexts
Notes
CHAPTER 19 Military Intelligence
“To Be on Guard”: Operational Intelligence in Defensive Contexts
Operational Intelligence in Offensive Contexts
Final Thoughts
Notes
CHAPTER 20 The Economics of War
The “Trojan War”: Logistics and Booty in the Iliad
Pre-classical Greece
Xerxes’ Invasion of Greece, 480 and 479
The Pentekontaetia Through the Early Fourth Century
Philip and Alexander
Hellenistic War Costs: Kings and Cities43
Concluding Remarks
Notes
CHAPTER 21 War and Slavery in the Greek World
Introduction
A Source of Power or an Achilles’ Heel?
Slaves in Land Warfare
Helots
Slaves in the Navy
Warfare as a Source of Slaves
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 22 Agriculture and Greek Warfare
Archaic Era Farming and Warfare
Military Depredations
Methods of destruction: trampling and slashing
Methods of destruction: burning
Methods of destruction: cutting for use
Extent of devastation and recovery
By Foot, Horse, Ship, and Fort: Offensive and Defensive Strategies
General invasion
Naval predations
Fortifications
Additional Food Supplies on Campaign
Warfare’s Benefits for Agriculture
Agriculture’s Contribution to Greek Warfare
Notes
CHAPTER 23 Battle Trauma in Ancient Greece
Terror on the Battlefield
Home After Battle
Understanding the Trauma of War
A Contrasting Pair of Veterans: Clearchus and Socrates
Conclusions
Appendix: Summary List of Traumatized and Wounded Soldiers
Notes
CHAPTER 24 Religion and Warfare
Pre-battle Rituals and Norms
Military Divination
Epiphanies in Battle
Post-battle Rituals and Norms
Concluding Remarks
Notes
CHAPTER 25 Women and War in the Greek World
How Women Participated in War
Royal Women at War
Notes
CHAPTER 26 Piracy, Brigandage, and Terrorism
Piracy and Brigandage
Terrorism
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 27 Civil War in Greece: Forgetting as the Path to Reconciliation
Me mnesikakein
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 28 The Iconography of War
Unidentified Early Battles
Historical Battles. The Persian wars. The Battle of Marathon (490)
The Asian campaign of Alexander the Great
The Battle of Issus (333)
Greeks against Greeks. Oenoe (506)
The Peloponnesian War (431–404)
The Battle of Plataea (c. 379)
The Battle of Phlious (second quarter of the fourth century)
The Battle of Mantinea (362)
Macedonians against Romans. The Battle of Pydna (168)
Notes
CHAPTER 29 War Monuments and Memorials
Greek Remembrance Begins
Battlefield Graveyards
Military Cemeteries
Classical and Hellenistic Developments
Conclusions
Notes
CHAPTER 30 War in Greek Poetry
Homeric Epic
Archaic Poets and Hoplites
War on the Stage
Conclusion
Notes
CHAPTER 31 War and Propaganda
Key Themes in Propaganda: Helping Others
The Liberation Theme
The Revenge Theme
The Theme of Safeguarding the Peace
The Theme of Fighting for One’s Rights
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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