Реклама. ООО «ЛитРес», ИНН: 7719571260.
Contents
Preamble
1. Introduction. 1.1 The oceans
1.2 Threats to the oceans
1.3 The need for ocean conservation
2. Ocean plastic pollution. 2.1 Global plastic production and waste handling
2.2 Sources of plastics discharge into the oceans
2.3 Impact of ocean plastics on marine ecosystems
2.4 Impact of ocean plastics on fisheries and other economic activities
2.5 Impact of ocean plastics on climate
3. The challenges of ocean plastics
3.1 Technical challenges
3.2 Regulatory and governance challenges
3.3 Institutional challenges
3.4 Financing challenges
4. Technical solutions to ocean plastic pollution
4.1 Plastic reduction and prevention
4.2 Improved solid waste management
4.3 Improved wastewater and stormwater management
5. Regulatory and institutional solutions to ocean plastic pollution. 5.1 Regulatory measures
5.2 Market-based instruments and voluntary agreements
6. Clean ocean financing. 6.1 Approaches to financing ocean plastics reduction
6.2 The Clean Oceans Initiative
6.3 Other sources of clean ocean financing
7. Impact measurement and monitoring
Annex A The ocean regulatory framework
Annex B The Clean Oceans Initiative target sectors. Solid waste management, with a focus on plastics:
Wastewater management systems:
Urban stormwater management systems:
Annex C Clean ocean initiatives. Alliance to End Plastic Waste (link)
Global Ghost Gear Initiative (link)
Global Partnership on Marine Litter (link)
Global Plastic Action Partnership (link)
Declaration of the Global Plastics Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter (link)
Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas Alliance (link)
Ocean Bound Plastic Certification Program (link)
PREVENT Waste Alliance (link)
Prevented Ocean Plastic (link)
Project STOP (link)
SEAQUAL INITIATIVE (link)
The Benioff Ocean Initiative and the Coca-Cola Foundation (link)
The Commonwealth Blue Charter – Commonwealth Clean Ocean Alliance (link)
The Circulate Initiative (link)
The Ocean Plastics Charter (link)
The Ocean Cleanup (link)
Waste Free Oceans (link)
World Business Council Roadmap for Reducing Ocean Waste (link)
The Ocean Plastics Reduction Guide
The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral lender. The only bank owned by and representing the interests of the EU countries, the EIB finances Europe’s economic growth. Over six decades the Bank has backed start-ups like Skype and massive schemes like the Øresund Bridge linking Sweden and Denmark. Headquartered in Luxembourg, the EIB Group includes the European Investment Fund, a specialist financer of small and medium-sized enterprises.
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6.3. Other sources of clean ocean financing
7. Impact measurement and monitoring
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